بررسی اثرات تغییرات پوشش اراضی بر مراتع بخش مرکزی شهرستان هرسین با استفاده از پردازش تصاویر ماهوارهای
محورهای موضوعی : سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیاییمصطفی حاتمی 1 * , مرضیه علی خواه اصل 2 , محمد رضوانی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، رشته محیط زیست (گرایش ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین)، دانشگاه پیام نور، مرکز تهران شرق، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: شهرستان هرسین, تصاویر ماهواره¬ای, پوشش اراضی, مراتع.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: آشکارسازي تغییرات کاربري اراضی، از جمله ابزارهاي موثر براي مدیریت منابع طبیعی و ارزیابی تغییرات اکوسیستم به شمار میآید. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، آشکارسازی اثرات تغییرات پوشش اراضی بر مراتع با استفاده از داده هاي دورسنجی و GIS در بخش مرکزی شهرستان هرسین استان کرمانشاه میباشد.
روش بررسی: در این تحقیق، تصاویر ماهوارهاي لندست 5 سنجنده TM سال 1985، لندست 8 سنجنده ETM+ سال 2000 و نیز لندست 8 سنجنده OLI- TIRS سال 2015 مورد پردازش و تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. بدین منظور، بعد از انجام تصحیحات اتمسفریک و هندسی، طبقه بندي تصاویر به روش نظارت شده با الگوریتم حداکثر احتمال انجام پذیرفت. سپس، تصاویر هر سال در شش طبقه انسان ساخت، اراضی بایر، باغ، زراعت آبی، زراعت دیم و مرتع طبقه بندي شد. از طرفی براي تفکیک بهتر اراضی مرتعی از بایر، از شاخص NDVI و براي تفکیک بهتر اراضی مرتعی از کشت دیم، از لایه شیب استفاده گردید.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که در طول دوره 2015-1985، 83/92 درصد از منطقه تغییري نداشته است و همچنین سطح کاربریهای مراتع به میزان 1941/36 هکتار، انسان ساخت به میزان 1095/47 هکتار، باغ به میزان 89/07 هکتار و زراعت آبی به میزان 1233/00 هکتار در منطقه افزایش یافتهاند. 3201/05 هکتار از اراضی بایر و 1169/04 هکتار از زراعت دیم تخریب یافتهاند.
نتیجه گیري: براساس نتایج به دست آمده از این پژوهش، استفاده از تکنیکهاي RS و GISبرای تهیه نقشههای کاربری اراضی و بررسی اثرات تغییرات پوشش اراضی بر مراتع طی دورههاي زمانی دارای قابلیت بالایی میباشد.
Background and purpose: Revealing the land use changing is one of the effective tools for natural Resorces management and evaluating the ecosystem changes. The purpose of this study is revealing the effects of land cover changes on pastures using remote sensing data and GIS in the central sector of Harsin, Kermanshah.
Survey method:In this study, the satellite images of Landsat 5 sensors TM 1985, Landsat 8 sensors ETM+ 2000 and Landsat 8 sensors OLI-TIRS 2015 have processed and analyzed. For this purpose, classification of these images has done with monitoring method by maximum likelihood algorithm, after atmospheric and geometric revisal. Then, images of each year classified into six classes of man-made, barren lands, garden, irrigated agriculture, dry farming and pasture. On the other hand, the NDVI index was used for better separation of pasture land and barren land; and slope layer was used for better separation of pasture land and dry farming.
Findings: Results showed that 83/92% of the area had no changes during 1982-2015, and also pastures use level has increased to 1941/36 hectare, man-made use level to 1095/47 hectare, garden use level to 89/07 hectare, and irrigated agriculture use level to 1233/00 hectare at the area.
Conclusion: based on the obtained results from this study, usage of RS and GIS techniques have the high functionality for providing land use maps and surveying the effects of land cover changes in pastures during time periods.
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