تجزیه و تحلیل ریسک‌های بهداشتی، ایمنی و محیط زیستی بوستان پلیس شهر تهران
محورهای موضوعی : ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطیزهرا گلچین شاد 1 , رخشاد حجازی 2
1 - گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه محیط زیست، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: ارزیابی ریسک, بوستان‌های شهری, تکنیک FMEA, بوستان پلیس تهران,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق به منظور ارزیابی وضعیت بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط زیستی در بوستان‌های شهری به انجام رسیده است. در فرآیند ارزیابی از روش تجزی و تحلیل نقاط شکست و اثرات آن FMEA بهره‌گیری شد. پس از جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از طریق مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و گزارشات و اسناد و مدارک و مجلات معتبر و همچنین مطالعات میدانی، خطرات و عوامل بالقوه آسیب‌رسان و پیامدهای آن شناسایی شد. سپس RPN مربوط به هریک از عوامل با توجه به شدت اثر، درجه احتمال وقوع و احتمال کشف، محاسبه و اولویت‌بندی شد. نتایج ارزیابی نشان می‌دهد بالاترین RPN مربوط به وسایل بازی موجود در زمین‌های بازی و نیز ساختار کلید، تابلو وکابل‌های خطوط برق منابع روشنایی است که می‌تواند واجد پیامدهای ناگواری باشد. بنابراین در اولویت اول قرار گرفته و راهکارهای مدیریتی مناسب جهت حذف یا کاهش و کنترل خطرات ارائه گردید. در انتها نتایج ارزیابی دوره پایانی کارشناسی مرکز بهداشت کار شهرداری تهران با نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی موارد مشابه تکنیک FMEA مقایسه و بررسی گردید و نتایج نشان می‌دهد که روشFMEA می‌تواند به عنوان یک روش کارآمد و نوین جهت شناسایی و پیشگیری از وقوع احتمالی حوادث در آینده، در راستای خلق فضای شهری ایده‌آل، توسط کارشناسان شهری مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
This study was conducted to evaluate the health, safety, and the environmental conditions in urban parks, carried out. It have been completed by the FMEA method. After gathering the data from the library and field studies, also as well as reviewing of reports, documents and Journals, the hazards and potential damaging factors and their consequences have were identified. Then, RPN related to each factor was calculated and categorized according to the severity, the degree of probability of detection and occurrence probability. Results of the evaluation showed the largest number of RPN related to equipment in playgrounds as well as the switch structure, switchgear and cable power lines of lighting sources which can lead to many adverse consequences. So these are the priorities that should be omitted or mitigated or controlled by appropriate management strategies. In the end, the results of using the FMEA methodology were compared with the results of periodic evaluation of the health center of Tehran municipality. the results show that the FMEA method can be used as an efficient and modern method to identify and prevention of the occurrence of future events by urban experts, in order to create the ideal urban spaces.
Aghaei, AH., & Afkhami, Q. (2009). analysis of damage and its effects. Mechanical Engineering Journal. 18(64). [In Persian].
Arjmandi, R., Jouzi, S. A., Nouri, J. A., & Afsharnia, A. (2008). Environment, Safety, and Health Management in Urban Parks. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 10(1), 75-89. [In Persian].
Balram, S., & Dragićević, S. (2005). Attitudes toward urban green spaces: integrating questionnaire survey and collaborative GIS techniques to improve attitude measurements. Landscape and urban planning. 71, 147-162.
Brahmand, A., & Qudousi, J. (2013). Review of the research conducted in the field of health, safety and environmental management of urban parks in Iran. Man and Environment. 11 (4), 10-22. [In Persian].
Baydar, C. M., & Saitou, K. (2001). Prediction and diagnosis of propagated errors in assembly systems using virtual factories. In International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 80210, 315-322.
Burgess, J., Harrison, C. M., & Limb, M. (1988). People, parks and the urban green: a study of popular meanings and values for open spaces in the city. Urban studies, 25(6), 455-473.
Davoudpour, Z,. & Sabouri, F. (2012). Application of FMEA technique in the field of urban planning to prevent and solve problems of urban spaces (Case study of the student garden in Tehran). Urban Research and Planning Magazine, 3(10), 146 -125. [In Persian].
Hematinia, S., Rezaian, S. & Jozi, S. A. (2020). Environmental risk assessment of the construction projects of the Vice-Chancellor of Urban Services of the 19th District of Tehran Municipality using the feasible EFMEA method (case study: the exploitation stage of Bostan Velayat). Sustainability, Development and Environment, 1(2), 69-86. [In Persian].
Hekmati, J., (1986). the role of green spaces and its importance in human life. Green Space Scientific Quarterly. 5 (6), 12. [In Persian].
Jafari, H R., Salehi A., & Sadeghi-Naini, H. (2010). Please check the contents of your computer in the park with your favorite program. Environmental magazine. 36(56), 13-24. [In Persian].
Laqaei, H., & Asghari Tabari, M. (2003). Safety management in parks and green spaces of Tehran city (Case study of Tehran District 3 Municipality). Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, 5(4), 29-38. [In Persian].
Lee, A. (2010). The health benefits of urban green spaces: a review of the evidence. Journal of Public Health. 33, 212-222.
Majnounian, H. (1995). Discussions about parks, green spaces, and recreational areas. publications of the Parks and Green Space Organization. 252. [In Persian].
Manlum, Y. (2003).Suitability Analysis of Urban Green Space System Based on GIS, ITC.
Mowen,A.J., et al . 2009. Perceptions of Health and Safety in Urban Parks. Journal of Applied Sciences. 5(1). 71-79.
McDermott, R,. Jay, B. (2000). Raymond and Wikolak and Arbiorgad, Michael, FMEA methods of analysis and analysis of failure factors and its effects, translated by Maryam Naushad Haqiqi - Tehran, Engineering Design and Supply Company. [In Persian].
Mehrara, M., & Lahijanian, A. (2013). Examining the state of urban parks in order to preserve the environment and provide appropriate management solutions (Case study: Parks in the 7th district of Tehran). Human and Environment Quarterly. 29. [In Persian].
Mohammadi Ashhanani, M. (2010). Urban environmental planning using MS-HSE health, safety and environmental management system. Master's Thesis, School of Environment, University of Tehran. [In Persian].
Newman, P. W. (1999). Sustainability and cities: extending the metabolism model. Landscape and urban planning. 44(4), 219-226.
Nicholls, S., et al. (2008). Palnning for Parks and Open Space . Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. 31(3). 611–627.
Rainham, D. (2007). Do differences in health make a difference? A review for health policymakers. Health Policy. 84(2-3), 123-132.
Raya, R., & Rubin,V. (2006). Safety, Growth, and Equity: Parks and Open Space. Third of a five-part series on infrastructure equity by PolicyLink.
Reyes-Riveros, R., Altamirano, A., De La Barrera, F., Rozas-Vásquez, D., Vieli, L., & Meli, P. (2021). Linking public urban green spaces and human well-being: A systematic review. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 61, 127105.
Saeednia, A.(2004). Urban Green Space, Municipal. Green Book, Volume 9, p. 159, 1383. [In Persian].
Takano, T. (2007). Health and Environment in the Context of Urbanization. Environmental health and preventive medicine. 12, 51-55.
Thompson, C. W. (2002). Urban open space in the 21st century. Landscape and urban planning. 60(2), 59-72.
WHO. (1997). City planning for health and sustainability. European sustainable development & health series.No,2.WHO.Geneva.
Williams, C., & Thwaites, E. (2011). Managing Urban Parks. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. 12(2).11-24.
Zhou, J., & Stalhaane, T. (2004). Using FMEA for early robustness analysis of Web-based systems. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference. COMPSAC 2004. 2, 28-29.