نقش تغییرات اقلیم بر اکوسیستم و تنوع زیستی
محورهای موضوعی : محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
سید علی اصغر مصطفوی زاده
1
,
محمد میرزائی حیدری
2
*
1 - گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
2 - دانشیارگروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد اصفهان
کلید واژه: تغییرات اقلیم, اکوسیستم, تنوع زیستی.,
چکیده مقاله :
تغییرات اقلیم به عنوان یکی از بزرگ‌ترین چالش‌های محیط زیستی قرن حاضر، تأثیرات عمیق و گسترده‌ای بر اکوسیستم‌ها و تنوع زیستی زمین دارد. افزایش دما، تغییر الگوهای بارش و وقوع رویدادهای شدید آب و هوایی، به طور مستقیم و غیرمستقیم بر زیستگاه‌ها و گونه‌های مختلف تأثیر می‌گذارد. این تغییرات می‌توانند منجر به جابجایی گونه‌ها، تغییر در زمان‌بندی فعالیت‌های زیستی و کاهش تنوع ژنتیکی شوند. بسیاری از گونه‌ها به دلیل تغییرات دمایی قادر به سازگاری با شرایط جدید نیستند و در نتیجه در معرض خطر انقراض قرار می‌گیرند. علاوه بر این، تغییرات اقلیم می‌تواند بر زنجیره‌های غذایی و تعاملات اکولوژیکی تأثیر بگذارد، که این امر به نوبه خود می‌تواند به تغییر در ساختار و عملکرد اکوسیستم‌ها منجر شود. به¬طوری که، کاهش جمعیت برخی از گونه‌ها ممکن است تأثیرات زنجیره‌ای بر دیگر گونه‌ها و اکوسیستم‌ها داشته باشد. این تحقیق به بررسی تأثیرات مختلف تغییرات اقلیم بر اکوسیستم‌ها و تنوع زیستی می‌پردازد و همچنین به تحلیل راهکارهایی برای کاهش این تأثیرات و حفاظت از تنوع زیستی در برابر چالش‌های اقلیمی می‌پردازد. در نهایت، نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند به درک بهتر چالش‌ها و فرصت‌های موجود در مدیریت پایدار منابع طبیعی و حفظ تنوع زیستی کمک کند و به سیاست‌گذاران و محققان در اتخاذ تصمیمات آگاهانه یاری رساند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Climate change has profound and widespread effects on Earth's ecosystems and biodiversity. Increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and the occurrence of extreme weather events directly and indirectly impact various habitats and species. These changes can lead to species displacement, alterations in the timing of biological activities, and a reduction in genetic diversity. Many species are unable to adapt to new conditions due to temperature shifts and are consequently at risk of extinction. Furthermore, climate change can affect food chains and ecological interactions, which in turn can lead to changes in the structure and functioning of ecosystems. As a result, the decline in populations of some species may have cascading effects on other species and ecosystems. This research examines the various impacts of climate change on ecosystems and biodiversity, and also analyzes strategies to mitigate these effects and protect biodiversity against climate challenges. Ultimately, the findings of this research can contribute to a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities in the sustainable management of natural resources and biodiversity conservation, assisting policymakers and researchers in making informed decisions.
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