Tribological Behavior of Functionally Graded Composite Materials
Subject Areas : Journal of Environmental Friendly MaterialsA Rabieifar 1 , H Sabet 2 , A Asaadi Zahraei 3
1 - Department of Materials Engineering, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Materials Engineering, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 - Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Khajeh Nasir Toosi University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Tribological Behavior, Abrasive Wear, FGCM, Wear Mechanism,
Abstract :
The tribological performance of functionally graded composite Materials (FGCM) under abrasive and reciprocating test conditions is reviewed from the numerous studies performed over the last three decades. FGCM produced differing wear analysis trends under varying process conditions and parameters. A general framework identifying the process parameters and assessing the wear performance through wear modes and mechanisms is presented. The tribe system material loss is reduced by optimizing the process parameters independently for specific engineering applications depending on the industrial demands. Moreover, the different challenges faced during wear analysis were discussed, and their prospects in various scientific and technological fields were addressed
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[1] Kumar J, Singh D, Kalsi NS, Sharma S, Pruncu CI, Pimenov DY, Rao K, Kapłonek WJ, Comparative study on the mechanical, tribological, morphological and structural properties of vortex casting processed, Al–SiC–Cr hybrid metal matrix composites for high strength wear-resistant applications: Fabrication and characterizations. Mater. Res. Tech. 2020; 9(6):13607–13615.
[2] Katamreddy SC, Punnath N, Radhika N, Multi-response optimization of machining parameters in electrical discharge machining of Al LM25/AlB2 functionally graded composite using grey relation analysis. Int. J. Mach. Mach. 2018; 20(3):193–213.
[3] Kumar TS, Nampoothiri J, Raghu R, Shalini S, Subramanian R, Development of Wear Mechanism Map for Al–4Mg Alloy/MgAl2O4 In Situ Composites. Trans. Indian .Inst. Met. 2020; 73:399–405.
[4] Li W, Han B, Research and Application of Functionally Gradient Materials. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2018; 394(2):022065.
[5] Karimzadeh A, Aliofkhazraei M, Rouhaghdam AS, Study on wear and corrosion properties of functionally graded nickel–cobalt–(Al2O3) coatings produced by pulse electrodeposition. Bull. Mater. Sci. 2019; 42(53).
[6] Baghal SL, Sohi MH, Amadeh A, A functionally gradient nano-Ni–Co/SiC composite coating on aluminum and its tribological properties. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2012; 206(19-20):4032–4039.
[7] Shanmugasundaram A, Arul S, Sellamuthu R, Investigating the Effect of WC on the Hardness and Wear Behavior of Surface Modified AA 6063. Trans. Indian Inst. Met. 2018; 71:117–125.
[8] Ahmed YM, Sahari KSM, Ishak M, Khidhir BA, Titanium and its alloy. Int. J. Sci. Res. 2014; 3(10):1351–1361.
[9] Boggarapu V, Gujjala R, Ojha S, Acharya S, Chowdary S, Kumar Gara D, State of the art in functionally graded materials. Compos. Struct. 2021; 262:113596.
[10] Naebe M, Shirvanimoghaddam K, Functionally graded materials: A review of fabrication and properties. Appl. Mater. Today 2016; 5:223–245.
[11] Liew KM, Pan Z, Zhang LW, The recent progress of functionally graded CNT reinforced composites and structures. Sci. China. Phys. Mech. Astron. 2020; 63:234601.
[12] Binder M, Klocke F, Doebbeler B, Abrasive wear behavior under metal cutting conditions. Wear. 2017; 376:165–171.
[13] Sevim I. Tribology in Engineering: Effect of Abrasive Particle Size on Abrasive Wear Resistance in Automotive Steels. London: Intech Open; 2013.
[14] Bhushan B, Ko PL, Introduction to tribology. Appl. Mech. Rev. 2003; 56(1): B1–B16.
[15] Basavarajappa S, Chandramohan G, Davim JP, Application of Taguchi techniques to study dry sliding wear behavior of metal matrix composites. Mater. Des. 2007; 28(4):1393–1398.
[16] Saleh B, Jiang J, Fathi R, Al-hababi T, Xu Q, Wang L, Song D, Ma A, 30 Years of functionally graded materials: An overview of manufacturing methods, Applications and Future Challenges. Compos. Part B Eng. 2020; 201:108376.
[17] Kumar GV, Rao CSP, Selvaraj NJ, Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Particulate Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites–a Review. Miner. Mater. Charac. Eng. 2011; 10(1):59–91.
[18] Saleh B, Jiang J, Ma A, Song D, Yang D, Effect of Main Parameters on the Mechanical and Wear Behavior of Functionally Graded Materials by Centrifugal Casting: A Review. Met. Mater. Int. 2019; 25:1395–1409.
[19] Kato K, Micro-mechanisms of wear — wear modes. Wear 1992; 153(1):277–295.
[20] Bhushan B, Modern tribology handbook. 1. Principles of tribology. Bharat: CRC Press; 2001.
[21] Kaushik NC, Rao RN, Effect of applied load and grit size on wear coefficients of Al 6082–SiC–Gr hybrid composites under two body abrasion. Tribol. Int. 2016; 103:298–308.
[22] Manoharan S, Suresha B, Bharath PB, Ramadoss G, Investigations on three-body abrasive wear behaviour of composite brake pad material. Plast. Polym. Technol. 2014; 3:10–18.
[23] Radhika N, Raghu R, Effect of Abrasive Medium on Wear Behavior of Al/AlB2 Functionally Graded Metal Matrix Composite. Tribol. Online 2016; 11(3):487–493.
[24] Manoharan S, Ramadoss G, Suresha B, Vijay R, Influence of Fiber Reinforcement and Abrasive Particle Size on Three-Body Abrasive Wear of Hybrid Friction Composites. Appl. Mech. Mater. 2015; 766-767:156–161.
[25] Savas Ö, Mater. Application of Taguchi’s method to evaluate abrasive wear behavior of functionally graded aluminum-based composite. Today Comm. 2020; 23:100920.
[26] Savas Ö, Investigation of Production and Abrasive Wear Behavior of Functionally Graded TiB2/Al and TiB2/Al–4Cu Composites. Trans. Indian Inst. Met. 2020; 73:543–553.
[27] Radhika N, Raghu R, The mechanical properties and abrasive wear behavior of functionally graded aluminum/AlB2 composites produced by centrifugal casting Particul, Sci. Tech. 2017; 35(5):575–582.
[28] Hutchings I, Shipway P, Tribology: friction and wear of engineering materials. Cambridge: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2017.
[29] Ahmed A, El-Hadad S, Reda R, Dawood O, Microstructure control in functionally graded Al-Si castings. Int. J. Cast. Met. Res. 2019; 32(2):67–77.
[30] Nai SM, Gupta M, Lim CY, Synthesis and wear characterization of Al based, free standing functionally graded materials: effects of different matrix compositions. Compos. Sci. Tech. 2003; 63(13):1895–1909.
[31] Sasidharan S, Puthucode R, Radhika N, Shivashankar A, Investigation of three body abrasive wear behavior of centrifugally cast Cu-Sn/SiC functionally graded composite using Design of Experiment Approach. Mat. Today 2018; 5(5):12657–12665.
[32] Radhika N, Reghunath R, Sam M. Improvement of mechanical and tribological properties of centrifugally cast functionally graded copper for bearing applications. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. C J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 2019; 233(9):3208-3219.
[33] Rajak DK, Pagar DD, Kumar R, Pruncu CIJ, Recent progress of reinforcement materials: a comprehensive overview of composite materials. Mat. Res. Technol. 2019; 8:6354–6374.
[34] Radhika N, Raghu R, Development of functionally graded aluminum composites using centrifugal casting and influence of reinforcements on mechanical and wear properties. Trans. Nonfer. Met. Soc. China 2016; 26(4):905–916.
[35] Radhika N, Raghu R, Abrasive wear behavior of monolithic alloy, homogeneous and functionally graded aluminum (LM25/AlN and LM25/SiO2) composites. Particul. Sci. Tech. 2019; 37(1):10–20.
[36] Kumar RA, Kumar RK, Radhika N, Mechanical and Wear Properties of Functionally Graded Cu-11Ni-4Si/ Graphite Composite. Silicon 2019; 11:2613–2624.
[37] Hashim J, Looney L, Hashmi MSJ, Particle distribution in cast metal matrix composites—Part I. J. Mater. Proc. Tech. 2002; 123(2):251–257.
[38] Prabhu TR, Processing and study of the wear and friction behaviour of discrete graded Cu hybrid composites. Bull. Mater. Sci. 2015; 38:753–760.
[39] Radhika N, Comparison of the mechanical and wear behavior of aluminum alloy with homogeneous and functionally graded silicon nitride composites. Sci. Eng. Compo. Mater. 2018; 25:261–271.
[40] Vieira AC, Sequeira PD, Gomes JR, Rocha LA, Dry sliding wear of Al alloy/SiCp functionally graded composites: Influence of processing conditions. Wear; 267(1-4):585–592.
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