تحلیل موانع فراروی آموزش‌های کارآفرینی در مراکز آموزش علمی کاربردی کشاورزی

محورهای موضوعی : آموزش و پرورش

مهدی ‌ رحمانیان‌کوشککی ¹ , محمد چیذری ² , عنایت عباسی ³

1 - دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران
2 - استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/06/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/29 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/05/01

کلید واژه: کارآفرینی, موانع کارآفرینی, مراکز علمی‌کاربردی کشاورزی, استان فارس, مقدمه,

چکیده مقاله :

    از جمله معضلاتی که در دهه اخیر در کشور با آن روبه رو هستیم، بیکاری جوانان بویژه دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاهی می­باشد که این معضل در بخش کشاورزی بسیار حادتر به نظر می­رسد. با وجود این چالش­ها، بسیاری از سیاست­گذاران، کارآفرینی در محیط­های دانشگاهی را امری ضروری و اجتناب ناپذیر می­دانند. هدف از آموزش کارآفرینی، تربیت افرادی است که بتوانند پس از تکمیل تحصیلات خود، افرادی مؤسس باشند و کسب و کاری را ایجاد کنند. بر این اساس، این پژوهش به بررسی موانع فراروی در برگزاری دوره­های کارآفرینی در مراکز علمی کاربردی کشاورزی استان فارس پرداخته است. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف از نوع پژوهش های کاربردی و از لحاظ کنترل متغیرها از نوع توصیفی همبستگی بوده که به روش پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری این مطالعه شامل 1018 نفر از دانشجویان شاغل به تحصیل در چهار مرکز علمی­کاربردی کشاورزی استان فارس (شیراز، جهرم، علی آباد کمین و مرودشت) در سال تحصیلی 90-1389 بودند. از بین این افراد، با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری طبقه­ای تصادفی تعداد 178 دانشجو به عنوان نمونه­های پژوهش انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده­ها پرسش­نامه­ای بود که روایی آن با کسب نظرات اساتید دانشگاه تأیید شد و پایایی آن نیز بر پایه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 89/0 بدست آمد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده از تحلیل عاملی، ضعف خدمات مشاوره­ای و حمایتی (با میزان واریانس 50/19­درصد)، ناکافی بودن آموزش­های کاربردی (با میزان واریانس 89/17­درصد)، ضعف شناخت قوانین مالی و مدیریتی (با میزان واریانس 94/11­درصد) و ضعف برنامه­ریزی آموزشی (با میزان واریانس 67/11 درصد) موانع فراروی آموزش­های کارآفرینی در مراکز علمی­کاربردی کشاورزی استان فارس می‌باشند. مجموع این چهار عامل، 01/61 درصد از واریانس موانع آموزش­های کارآفرینی را تبیین کرده­اند

چکیده انگلیسی:

 Youth unemployment, especially academic graduates in agricultural fields, is one of the severe challenges in recent years in Iran.Despite these challenges, many policy makers, consider academic entrepreneurship necessary and inevitable. ­ Entrepreneurship education can be considered as a strategy to make occupational opportunities for graduated agricultural students. The aim of entrepreneurship education is to educate people to make an enterprise after completing their education. For this goal, present study aimed to analyze obstacles facing entrepreneurship education courses in Agricultural Applied Science Education Centers (AASECs) in Fars Province. Based on its aims and in order to control the variables, this research utilized a descriptive-correlation survey method. The population of the study consisted of all 1018 students in four AASECs in Fars Province (Shiraz, Jahrom, Aliabad Kamin and Marvdasht) in 2010-11 academic year. A multi-stage stratified random sampling was applied to select 178 students as sample research. Data were collected by using questionnaire, which was validated by a panel of experts and the reliability was gained through a pilot study with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient 0.89. Based on factor analysis results, weakness in supportive and counseling services (with variance, 19.50%), inadequate of applied education (17.89%), inadequate of recognizing of financial and management regulation (11.94%) and weakness in educational planning (11.67%), were the main obstacles in delivering entrepreneurship education in AASECs in Fars Province. These four factors could explain 61.1% variance of the obstacles in entrepreneurship education.

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