Assessment Effect of Organic Matter and Arsenic on Transfer Coefficient, Tolerance Index and Phytoremediation in Cress (Lepidium sativum L.)

Subject Areas : Journal of Crop Nutrition Science

Elahe Kardan ¹ , Ali Gholami ² , Alireza Jafarnejadi ³ , Khoshnaz Payandeh ⁴ , Ebrahim Panahpor ⁵

1 - Department of Soil Science, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 - Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 - Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran.
4 - Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
5 - Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

Received: 2015-11-22 Accepted : 2016-02-29 Published : 2016-06-30

Keywords: Contamination, Heavy metal, Purifier plant,

Abstract :

Soil contamination with heavy metals such as arsenic has harmful effects on human health and agricultural products. Arsenic (AS) is one of the heavy metals which are highly toxic and carcinogenic. This research was conducted to study the effect of organic manure on increasing the Arsenic absorption ability by Cress plant in the greenhouse of the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Khuzestan, Iran, according factorial experiment based randomized completely design with three replications. Main factor included two levels of organic substance (0 and 10 tons per hectar) and three levels of arsenic concentration (0, 20 and 40 ppm) belonged to sub factor. Mean comparison result revealed increasing arsenic concentration led to increase arsenic accumulation in shoot plant (14.1 ppm), also this trend seems in transfer coefficient trait so cress can be used as a purifier plant to reduce arsenic contamination of the soil. It need to mention by increase arsenic concentration, shoot dry weight decreased (0 ppm arsenic concentration had 20.1 gr per flowerpot but 40 ppm treatments had 0.7 gr). Finally according to contamination symptoms (Necrosis and chlorosis) on cress plant at 40 ppm concentrations and reduced plant shoot dry weight at this concentration, it is recommended to use the cress plant for purification of soil contaminated less than 40 ppm arsenic concentrations. It is noteworthy advised according plant's ability to absorb arsenic and other heavy elements, sowing of this plant as food should be avoided in the contaminated fields.

References:

Alloway, B. J. 1990. Heavy Metal in Soils. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. USA.

Audet, P. and C. Charest. 2007. Heavy metal phytoremediation from a meta-analysis perspective. Environ. Poll. J.147: 231–237.

Brammer, H. and P. Ravenscroft. 2008. Arsenic in groundwater: A threat to sustainable agriculture in South and South-east Asia. Environ. Int. J. 35: 647–654.

Dahal, B. M., M. Fuerhacker, A. Mentler, K. B. Karki, R. R. Shrestha. and W. E. H. Blum. 2008. Arsenic contamination of soils and agricultural plants through irrigation water in Nepal. Environ. Poll. J. 155: 157–163.

Dong, Y., Y.F. Zhu, A. Smith, Y. Wang Y. and B. Chen. 2008. Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhanced arsenic resistance of both white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants in an arsenic-contaminated soil. Environmental Pollution. J. 155: 174-181.

Gee, G. W. and J. W. Bauder. 1986. Particle-size analysis. p. 383-411. In: A. Klute (ed.) Method of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2^nd Ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI. USA.

Gholami, A., A. R. Jafarnejadi. and E. Kardan. 2012. Studying effect of organic manure on increasing of phytoremediation by cress. Intl. J. Agri. Crop Sci. 4(10): 633-636.

Heikens, A., G. M. Panaullah. and A. A. Meharg. 2007. Arsenic behavior from groundwater and soil to crops: Impacts on agriculture and food safety. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. J. 189: 43-87.

Hudson-Edwards, K. A., S. L. Houghton. and A. Osborn. 2004. Extraction and analysis of arsenic in soils and sediments. Trends in Analytical Chemistry. J. 23: 745-752.

Ladan, Sh. 2011. Survey of green refinement capacity of arsenic-contaminated soils by two green onion and ornamental cabbage plants. M.Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture. Tarbiat Modarres University. Tehran. Iran. 120 pp. (Abstract in English)

Lee, J. T. and W. C. Yu. 2012. Evaluation of legume growth in arsenic-polluted acidic soils with various pH values. J. Water Sustain. 2: 13–23.

Mandal, B. K. and K. T. Zuzuki. 2002. Arsenic around the world: A review. Talanta. J.58: 201–235.

Marchiol, L., S. Assolari, P. Sacco, G. Zerbi. 2004. Phytoextraction of heavy metals by canola (Brassica napus L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) grown on multi contaminated soil. Environ. Pollution. J. 132(1): 21–27.

Meharg, A. A. and J. Hartley-Whitaker. 2002.Arsenic uptake and metabolism in arsenic resistant and non-resistant plant species. New Phytol. J. 154: 29–43.

Moreno-Jimenez, E., M. R. Penalosa, O. Carpena-Ruiz. and E. Esteban. 2008. Comparison of Arsenic Resistance in Mediterranean Woody Shrubs Used in Restoration Activities. Chemosphere. J. 71: 466-473.

Peer, W., I. Baxter, E. Richards, J. Freeman. and A. Murphy. 2005. Phytoremediation and hyperaccumulator plants. In: Tamas, M. and E. Martinoia (Eds) Molecular Biology of Metal Homeostasis and Detoxification. Springer. Berlin. Topics in Current Genetics. 14: 299-340.

Pickering, I. J, R. C. Prince, M. J. George, R. D. Smith, G. N. George. and D. E. Salt. 2000. Reduction and coordination of arsenic in Indian mustard. Plant Physiol. J. 122: 1171-1177.

Robinson, B., C. Duwig, N. Bolan, M. Kannathasan. and A. Saravanan. 2003. Uptake of arsenic by New Zealand watercress (Lepidium sativum L.). Sci. Total Environ. J. 301: 67–73.

Ross, S. M. 1994. Toxic Metals in Soil–Plant Systems. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Chi Chester. pp: 63-152.

Singh, H. P., D. R. Batish, R. K. Kohli. and K. Arora. 2007. Arsenic induced root growth inhibition in mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb) is due to oxidative stress resulting from enhanced lipid peroxidation. Plant Growth Regulation. J. 5: 65-73.

Smedley, P. L. and D. G. Kinniburgh. 2002. A review of the source, behavior and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Appl. Geochem. J. 17: 517–568.

Smith, S. E., H. M. Christophersen, S. Pope. and F. A. Smith. 2010. Arsenic uptake and toxicity in plants: Integrating mycorrhizal influences. Plant Soil. J. 327: 1–21.

Spagnoletti, F. and R. S. Lavado. 2015. The arbuscular mycorrhiza rhizophagus intraradices reduces the negative effects of arsenic on soybean plants. Agron. J. 5: 188-199.

Sun, Y., Q. Zhou. and C. Diao. 2008. Effects of cadmium and arsenic on growth and metal accumulation of Cd-hyper accumulator Solanum nigrum L. Bio-resource Tech. J. 99(5):1103-10.

Talano, M. A., R. B. Cejas, P. S. Gonzalez. and E. Agostini. 2013. Arsenic effect on the model crop symbiosis Bradyrhizobium-soybean. Plant Physiol. Biochem. J. 63: 8–14.