Green and Eco-Friendly Natural Waste-Derived Materials for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Recent Advances and Applications
Ibrahim Hasani
1
(
Faculty of Pharmacy, Al- Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Qadmus, Tartus, Syrian Arab Republic
)
Yosri Fahim
2
(
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Sector, Galala University, Suez, 43511, Egypt
)
Keywords: Biosorbents, Sustainable wastewater Treatment, sustainable technologies, Green environmental technologies,
Abstract :
Growing concerns over water pollution and scarcity have intensified the search for sustainable and eco-friendly wastewater treatment technologies. Natural waste-derived materials primarily sourced from agricultural residues, forestry waste, and other biodegradable organic matters, have emerged as promising solutions due to their abundance, low cost, and environmental compatibility. Materials such as cellulose, lignin, chitin, and various biosorbents exhibit excellent adsorption capacities for a range of pollutants including heavy metals, organic dyes, nutrients, and emerging contaminants. Their porous structures and diverse surface functional groups enable effective binding and removal of contaminants from wastewater. This review comprehensively explores recent advances in utilizing natural waste-derived materials for sustainable wastewater treatment. It covers treatment technologies including adsorption, biodegradation, biofiltration, and phytoremediation, highlighting their removal mechanisms and efficiencies. Emphasis is also placed on integrating these natural adsorbents within treatment systems such as constructed wetlands, anaerobic digesters, and biofilters, which mimic natural purification processes and generally require less energy and lower operating costs than conventional methods. While the benefits of green technologies are substantial, challenges remain, including variability in natural materials, regeneration and reuse of adsorbents, scalability, and maintaining consistent performance across diverse wastewater conditions. Continued research and innovation are essential to fully realize the potential of these sustainable treatment solutions.
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