Effectiveness of Sequential Pre-treatment and Application of High-porosity Hybrid Fly Ash Geopolymer/alginate Adsorbent for the Treatment of Batik Wastewater

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Siti Mazatul Azwa Saiyed Mohd Nurddin ¹ , Suriati Sufian ² , Zakaria Man ³ , Nurul Ekmi Rabat ⁴ , Nazwin Ahmad ⁵

1 - Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31260 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
2 - Mineral Research Centre, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
3 - Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31260 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
4 - Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31260 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
5 - Mineral Research Centre, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

Received: 2020-12-10 Accepted : 2021-02-24 Published : 2021-12-01

Keywords: Adsorbent, Geopolymer/alginate, Batik wastewater, High-porosity,

Abstract :

In this work, hybrid fly ash geopolymer/alginate spheres (GSA) were produced and used as an effective and economical adsorbent in a treatment of batik wastewater. A preparation of GSA adsorbent involved a facile method where the fly ash (FA) based geopolymer was entrapped into sodium alginate (SA) followed by cross-linking of Ca2+ and SA. In additional to that, natural egg white was utilized as a foaming agent. Characterization of the GSA adsorbent strongly confirmed the formation of hybrid spheres that composed of geopolymer and alginate with extremely porous microstructure with porosity of 87.64%. Surface area, average pore diameter and pore volume was 12.874 m2/g, 3.3110 nm and 0.1684 cm3/g, respectively. Prior to the adsorption process, the batik wastewater was pre-treated using high concentration acid hydrofluoric (HF) and magnesium oxide (MgO). The optimum acidification pre-treatment at pH 3 removed ~ 93% of chemical oxygen demand (COD). In the subsequent stage, the highest percentage of COD removal was ~27% by utilizing 1500 mg/L of MgO powder. In the final stage, different dosages of GSA adsorbent was used in order to treat the remaining COD and resulted in as maximum as ~67% of the COD removal. According to the finding, the sequential pre-treatment and application of high-porosity hybrid GSA adsorbent offered a great potential to be implemented as an economical and effective batik wastewater treatment.

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