• Home
  • Investigation of Heavy Metals, Aflatoxin M1 and Physicochemical Properties of Milk Used in Baby Dry Milk Formula in Shahrekord City

Share To

Article Url


Manuscript ID : JCHR-2005-1140 (R3) Visit : 222 Page: 527 - 535

10.22034/jchr.2022.1900991.1140

Article Type: Original Research

Investigation of Heavy Metals, Aflatoxin M1 and Physicochemical Properties of Milk Used in Baby Dry Milk Formula in Shahrekord City

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Bahram Karimi Dehcheshmeh 1 , Amir Shakerian 2 , Ebrahim Rahimi 3

1 - Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
2 - Research Center of Nutrition and Organic Products (R.C.N.O.P), Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
3 - Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran

Received: 2020-05-28 Accepted : 2022-01-08 Published : 2022-09-01

Keywords: Cadmium, Lead, Aflatoxin M1, Infant formula, Shahrekord, Milk component,

Abstract :

In this study, the characteristics of milk input to Pegah Shahrekord infant milk factory and the effect of season and month of lactation on fat percentage, protein percentage, acidity and density, the amount of lead, cadmium and aflatoxin M1(AFM1) in raw milk were measured. For this purpose, 690 milk samples were collected during the autumn and winter seasons (during September2018 to March2019). The level of toxic metals, aflatoxin with HPLC and acidity, fat percentage, dry matter and protein was measured according to standard. The results showed that Mean ± S.D lead in raw milk was 12.52±1.78 ppb and Mean ± S.D cadmium content was 10.8±2.83 ppb, which was lower than the allowable amount of codex for lead and cadmium in milk. AFM1 level in raw milk was 12.44±1.87ppt (Mean ± S.D). The milk input to the plant had mean ± S.D of 2.94±0.082% protein, 3.27±0.18% fat, 11.59±0.31% solids, density 1.0299±0.0008 and acidity 14.6±0.49. Lactation season significantly altered milk protein production (P <0.05). Mean ± S.D. milk production protein was 2.94±0.082%. Lactation season did not have a significant effect on milk fat percentage (P<0.05). Mean ± S.D. percentage of milk fat produced was 3.27±0.18%. Lactation season also had a significant effect on the acidity of milk produced (P<0.05). Milk produced had the average acidity 14.6 (14.6±0.49). Lactation season did not have a significant effect on the percentage of dry matter in the produced milk (P<0.05). Mean ± S.D. dry matter of milk produced was obtained 11.59±0.31. In general, the input milk to Pegah Shahrekord infant milk factory in terms of composition and quality is in line with the reports for milk compounds in Iran and the world.

References:


  1. 1. AL-Ali A., 1994. Effect of lactation season on milk production of Friesian cows at E2-zor station. Research. J Agric Sci Series. 21, 55-63.
    2.
  2. Al Khalifa A., Ahmad D., 2010. Determination of key elements by ICP-OES in commercially available infant formulae and baby foods in Saudi Arabia. AJFS. 4(7), 464-8.
    3.
  3.  Bonyadian M.,Moshtaghi H.,Sultani Z., 2006. Study on the residual of lead and cadmium in raw and pasteurized milk in Shahrekord area.  Sci Res Iranian Vet Journal. 2(13), 74 - 81
    4.
  4. Kamkar A., Jahed Khaniki G.H., Alavi S.A. 2011. Occurrence ofaflatoxin M1 in raw Milk produced in Ardebil of Iran. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng. 8(2), 123-128.
    5.
  5. Gao Y.N., Wang J.Q., Li S.L., Zhang Y.D., Zheng N., 2016. Aflatoxin M1 ytotoxicity against human intestinal Caco-2 cells is enhanced in the presence of other mycotoxins. Food Chem Toxicol. 96, 79-89.
    6.
  6. CAC. 2001. Comments submitted on the draft maximum level for aflatoxin M1 in milk. Codex Alimentarius Commissions (CAC). Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme Codex Alimentarius Commission, Report of the 33rd session of the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants, The Hague, The Netherlands., 127-133.
    7.
  7. Omar S.S., 2016. Aflatoxin M1 levels in raw milk, pasteurised milk and infant formula. Italian J Food Safety. 5(3), 5788. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2016.5788
    8.
  8. Akhtar A., Shahzad M.A., Yoo S.,  Ismail A.,  Hameed A., Ismail T.,  Riaz M., 2017. Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Heavy Metals in Infant Formula Milk
    9.

 

Brands Available in Pakistani Markets.  J Korean Food Sci. 37(1), 79-86.

  1. Bellinger D.C., 2008. Very low lead exposures and children's neurodevelopment. Curr Opin Pediatr. 20(2), 172–177.
    2.
  2. Ikem A., Nwankwoala A., Odueyungbo S., Nyavor K., Egiebor N., 2002. Levels of 26 elements in infant formula from USA, UK, and Nigeria by microwave digestion and ICP-OES. Food Chem. 77(4), 439-47.
    3.
  3. Kazi T.G., Jalbani N., Baig J.A., Afridi H.I., Kandhro G.A., Arain M.B., et al. 2009. Determination of toxic elements in infant formulae by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer. Food Chem Toxicol. 47(7), 1425-9.
    4.
  4. Jaberi E., Shakerian A., Rahimi E., 2013. Determination of lead and cadmium contaminations in UF-Cheese and yoghurt produced in Esfahan and Golpayegan Pegah Dairy Processing Establishments. J Food Hygiene. 3(11), 49-55.
    5.
  5. Bargellini A., Venturelli F., Casali E., Ferrari A., Marchesi I.,  Borella P. 2018. Trace elements in starter infant formula: dietary intake and safety assessment. Environ Sci Pollution Res. 25, 2035–2044.
    6.
  6. Nickerson S.C., 1999. Milk production: Factors affecting milk composition. In: Milk quality, edited by Harding, F. Aspen Publishers, Inc. Gaithersburg, Maryland, Aspan, first edition. 3-23.
    7.
  7. Hosseni S.M., Shakerian A., Moghimi A., 2013. Cadmium and Lead Content in Several Brands of Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) in Iran. J Food Biosci Technol. 3, 67-72.
    8.
  8. Shakerian A., Karim G., Kazemi A., Nori S.M., 2004. Evaluation of milk contamination rate and some of its products in lead and cadmium in one of the milk factories in Isfahan province. Conference on Toxicology Toxicity of Iran.
    9.
  9. Iranian Institute of Standards and Industrial Research. 2006. Milk and Test Method, Its Products - Determination of Acidity and pH of Iran National Standard. No. 2852. [In Persian].
    10.
  10. Iranian Institute of Standards and Industrial Research. 1349, Det. 2006. Milk dry matter, National Standard of Iran. No. 637. [In Persian].
    11.
  11. De Castro C.S., Arruda A.F., Da Cunha L.R., Souzade J.R., Braga J.W., Dórea J.G. 2010. Toxic metals (Pb and Cd) and their respective antagonists (Ca and Zn) in infant formulas and milk marketed in Brasilia. Brazil Int J Environ. Res Public Health. 7(11), 4062–4077.
    12.
  12. 20. Najarnezhad V., Akbarabadi M., 2013. Heavy metals in raw cow and ewe milk from north-east Iran. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill. 6, 158–162.
    13.
  13. 21. Gardener H., Bowen J., Callan S. P., 2019. Lead and cadmium contamination in a large sample of United States infant formulas and baby foods. Sci Total Environ. 651, 822–827.
    14.
  14. Rastogi S., Dwivedi D.P., Khanna K.S., Das M., 2004. Detection of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk and infant milk products from Indian markets by ELISA. Food Control. 15, 287-290.
    15.
  15. Yilmaz O.S., Altinci A., 2018. Incidence of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk, white cheese, kashar and butter from Sakarya, Turkey. Food Sci Technol. 39(1), 190-194.
    16.
  16. Ismair Y.S. Ruston. 1996. Aflatoxin in food and feed; Occurrcence, Legislation and inactivation by physical methods. Food Chem. 59(1), 57-67.
    17.
  17. Bauman D.E., Griinari J.M., 2003. Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis. Ann Rev Nutr. 23, 203-227.
    18.
  18. Peticlerc D., Lacassse P., Girard C.L., Boetttcher P.J., Block E., 2000. Genetic, nutritional, endocrine support of milk synthesis in dairy cows. J Animal Sci. 78, 59-77.
    19.
  19. Mlynek K., Gowiska B., Salomonoczyk E., Tkaczuk J., Stys W., 2018. The effect of daily milk production on the milk composition and energy management indicators in Holstein? Friesian and Simmental cows. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci. 42(4), 223-229.‏
    20.
  20. Mirzadeh K.H., Masoudi A., Chaji M., Bojarpur M., 2010. The Composition of Raw Milk Produced by some Dairy Farms in Lordegan Region of Iran. J Animal Vet Advances. 9, 1582-1583.
    21.
  21. Auldist M.J., Walsh B.J., Thomson N.A., 1998. Seasonal and lactational influences on bovine milk composition in New Zealand. J Dairy Res. 65, 401–411. doi: 10.1017/S0022029998002970
    22.
  22. Ahmadi S.A., Sakha M.Z., Ebadi S., Panda A.K., 2021. Study of milk and dairy products Staphylococcus contamination and antimicrobial susceptibility sold in local markets around Kabul University. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies. 4(1), 20–24.
    23.
  23. Pathare P.G., Tekale S.U., Damale M.G., Sangshetti J.N., Shaikh R.U., Kótai L., Silaev R.P.P., 2020. Pyridine and benzoisothiazole based pyrazolines: synthesis, characterization, biological activity, molecular docking and admet study. European Chemical Bulletin. 9(1), 10-21.
    24.
  24. Mohamed M.F., Ahmed N.M., Fathy Y.M., Abdelhamid I.A., 2020. Impact of heavy metals on Orechromis niloticus fish and using electrophoresis as bio-indicator for enviromental pollution of rosetta branch, river nile, egypt. European Chemical Bulletin. 9(2), 48-61.
    25.
  25. Gashi F., Dreshaj E., Troni N., Maxhuni A., Laha F., 2020. Determination of heavy metals contents in water of llapi river (Kosovo). A case study of correlation coefficents. European Chemical Bulletin. 9(2), 43-47
    26.
  26. Kumar V., Bhatia M., Kumar A., 2020. Microbes from mouth to gut impacting probiotics to antibiotics. Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine. 11(2), 83-83.
    27.
  27. Qahir A., Khan N., Hakeem A., Kamal R., 2021. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and clinical effects with elemental contents of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum) Peel Extraction: A Review. Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, 2(01), 21-28.
    28.
  28. Ngafwan N., Rasyid H., Abood E.S., Abdelbasset W.K., Al-shawi S.G., Bokov D., Jalil A. T., 2021. Study on novel fluorescent carbon nanomaterials in food analysis. Food Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.37821.
    29.
  29. Al-Shawi S.G., 2020. The possibility of producing synbiotic yogurt containing mint extracts. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 14(1), 2339-2345.
    30.
  30. Solati K., Karimi M., Rafieian-Kopaei M., Abbasi N., Abbaszadeh S., Bahmani M., 2020. Phytotherapy for wound healing: The most important herbal plants in wound healing based on iranian ethnobotanical documents. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 21(4), 500-519.
    31.
  31. Karimian M., 2019. Natural remedies for vascular diseases. Plant Biotechnol Persa. 1(1), 1-3.
    32.
  32. Zhang Y., Mahdavi B., Mohammadhosseini M., Rezaei-Seresht E., Paydarfard S., Qorbani M., Karimian M., Abbasi N., Ghaneialvar H., Karimi E., 2021. Green synthesis of NiO nanoparticles using Calendula officinalis extract: Chemical charactrization, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and anti-esophageal carcinoma properties. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 14(5), 103105.
    33.
  33. Ma D., Han T., Karimian M., Abbasi N., Ghaneialvar H., Zangeneh A., 2020. Immobilized Ag NPs on chitosan-biguanidine coated magnetic nanoparticles for synthesis of propargylamines and treatment of human lung cancer. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 165, 767-775.
    34.

Related articles

The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024

Home| Login| About Us| Contact Us|
[فارسی] [العربية] [fa] [ar]