Mycological Survey and Total Aflatoxin Analyze in Silage from Qaemshahr City (Northern Iran)

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

M. Hashemi ¹ , I. Gholampour Azizi ² , Z. Rezai ³ , S. Rouhi ⁴

1 - Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
2 - Department of Veterinary Science, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University Babol, Babol, Iran
3 - Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
4 - Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

Received: 2012-10-13 Accepted : 2018-10-29 Published : 2012-06-01

Keywords: silage, Mycological Survey, Total Aflatoxin, Qaemshahr City,

Abstract :

In this study, 42 samples of silage were collected in Qaemshahr city in Iran during fall 2011. Samples were tested by competitive ELISA for total aflatoxins. Seven samples (16.7%) (Mean±se:1.24) from 42 silage samples were positive with total aflatoxin (1.1-27.3 ppb) in Nov., Dec. and Oct. The highest contamination was observed in Oct., three samples (21.4%) from 14 samples were contaminated with total aflatoxin by 22.2 ppb, 25.6 and 27.3 ppb. The culture results of samples showed that the most toxinigenic fungi among 57 colonies were Aspergillus sp. with fifteen (% 31.5), Fusarium sp. With thirteen (% 22.8), Alternaria spp. With twelve (21.05%), Penicillium spp. with nine (%15.78) and Acremonium sp. with five (8.77%) and also the most nontoxigenic fungi were cladosporium spp. with fifteen (% 37.5), Rhizopus spp. with nine (% 22.5), Mucor spp. with six (15%), yeast with six (15%) and Scopulariopsis spp. with four (10%) colonies isolated in culture medium among 40 colonies of nontoxigenic fungi.

References:

1. Attitallam, I.H., L.K.T. Al-Ani, M.A. Nasib, I
2. .A.A. Balal, M. Zakaria, S.S.M. El-Maragh and
3. S.M.R. Karim, 2010. Screening of Fungi
4. Associated Commercicl Grains and Animal
5. Feeds in AL-Bayda Governorate, Libya. World
6. Applied Sciences Journal., 9, 746-756.
7. Ayar, A., D. Sert and A. Hilmi Con, 2007. A
8. Study on the Occurrence of Aflatoxin in Raw
9. Milk Due to Feeds. Journal of Food Safety., 27,
10. ââ‚‌“207.
11. Charoenpornsook, K and P. Kavisarasai, 2006.
12. Mycocotoxins in Animal Feeds Stuffs of
13. Thailand. Kmitl Sci Tech J., 6(1), 25-28.
14. Devi Upadhaya, S., M.A. Park and J. K. Ha,
15. Mycotoxins and Their Biotransformation
16. in the Rumen: A Review. Asian-Aust J Anim
17. Sci., 23(9): 1250 ââ‚‌“ 1260.
18. Driehuis, F., M.S. Spanjer, J.M. Scholten and
19. M.C. Giffel, 2008. Occurrence of Mycotoxins
20. in Feedstuffs of Dairy Cows and Estimation of
21. Total Dietary Intakes. J Dairy Sci., 91(11),
22. -427.
23. El-Shanawany, A.A., M. Eman Mostafa and A.
24. Barakat, 2005. Fungal Populations and
25. Mycotoxins in Silage in Assiut and Sohag
26. Governorates in Egypt, With a Special
27. Reference to Characteristic Aspergilli Toxins.
28. Mycopathologia., 159, 281ââ‚‌“289.
29. Fandohan, P., K. Hell, W.F.O. Marasas and
30. M.J. Wingfield , 2003. Infection of Maize by
31. Fusarium Species and Contamination with
32. Fumonisin in Africa. Afr J Biotechnol., 2(12),
33. -579.
34. Gholampour Azizi, I and M. Azarmi, 2009.
35. Determination of Zearalenone and Ochratoxin
36. in Food stuffs. World Appl Sci Journal., 7(11),
37. -1391.
38. Ghiasian, S.A and A.H. Maghsood, 2011.
39. Occurrence of aflatoxigenic fungi in cow feeds
40. during the summer and winter season in
41. Hamadan, Iran. Afr J Microbiol Res., 5(5),
42. -521.
43. Hadizadeh Moalem, S.H., I. Gholampour Azizi
44. and M. Azarmi, 2010. Prevalence of Aflatoxin
45. B1in Feedstuffs in Northern Iran. Global
46. Veterinaria., 4(2), 144-148.
47. Khosravi, A.Z., M. Dakhili and S. Hojjatollah,
48. A Mycological Survey on Feed
49. Ingredients and Mixed Animal Feeds in Ghom
50. Province, Iran. Pak J Nut., 79(1), 31-34.
51. Krnjaja, V., J. Levic and S. Stankovic, 2009.
52. Ubjqity of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in
53. Animal Feeds in Republic of Serbia. J
54. Biotechnol Anim Husbandry, 25(5-6), 477-497.
55. Kabak, B., 2010. Mycotoxins in Food, Feed and
56. Bioweapons: Prevention and Management of
57. Mycotoxins in Food and Feed, in: Rai, M.,
58. Varma.A. (Eds.), MI: Department of Food
59. Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hitit
60. University, Corum, Turkey: 201-227.
61. Moktabi, S., A. Fazlara, M. Ghorbanpour and
62. K. Ghasemian Yadegari, 2011. Contamination
63. of ice cream by aflatoxin M1 in Iran. American-
64. Eurasian. J Toxicol Sci., 3, 120-123.
65. Michelle, S., D.V.M. Mostrom and B.J.
66. Jacobsen, 2010. Veterinary Clinics of North
67. America: Food Animal Practice. Ruminant
68. Mycotoxicosis., 27, 315-34.
69. Mansfield, M.A and G.A. Kuldau, 2007.
70. Microbiological and Molecular Determination
71. of Mycobiota in Fresh and Ensiled Maize
72. Silage. Mycologia., 99(2), 269ââ‚‌“278.
73. Martins, H.M., M.M.M. Guerra and M.A. F
74. Bernardo, 2007. Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1 in
75. Dairy Cowââ‚‌™s feed over 10 Years in Portugal
76. (1995-2004). Rev Iberoam Micol., 24, 69-71.
77. Pereyra, C.M., V.A. Alonso, C.A.R. Rosa, S.M.
78. Chiacchiera, A.M. Dalceroand and L.R.
79. Cavaglieri, 2008. Gliotoxin Natural Incidence
80. and Toxigenicity of Aspergillus Fumigatus
81. Isolated From Corn Silage and Ready Dairy
82. Cattle Feed. World Mycotoxin J., 1(4), 457-
84. Richard, J.L, 2007. Some Major Mycotoxins
85. and Their Mycotoxicosesââ‚‌”An Overview. Int J
86. Food Microbiol., 119, 3ââ‚‌“10.
87. Rahimi, E, 2010. A study on contamination of
88. Aflatoxin M1 in milk and infant milk products
89. in Iran. American-Eurasian J Toxicol Sci., 2,
90. -111.
91. Reddy, K.R.N and B. Salleh, 2011. Co-
92. Occurrence of Moulds and Mycotoxins in Corn
93. Grains Use for Animal Feed Malaysia. J Anim
94. Vet Adv., 10(5), 668-673.
95. Richard, E., N. Heutte, L. Sage, D. Pottier, V.
96. Bouchart, P. Lebailly and D. Garon, 2007.
97. Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in mature corn
98. silage. Food Chem Toxicol., 45, 2420ââ‚‌“2425
99. Sherif, S.O., E.E. Salama and M.A . Abdel-
100. Wahhab, 2007. Mycotoxins and Child Health:
101. The Need for Health Risk Assessment. Int J
102. Hyg Environ. Health., 1-22.
103. Simas, M.M.S., M.B. Botura, B. Correa, M.
104. Sabino, C.A. Mallmann, T.C.B.S.C. Bitencourt
105. and M.J.M. Batatinha, 2006. Determination of
106. fungal microbiota and mycotoxins in brewers
107. grain used in dairy cattle feeding in the State of
108. Bahia, Brazil. Food Control., 1-5.
109. Sassahara, M., D. Pontes Netto and E.K.
110. Yanaka, 2005. Aflatoxin Occurrence in
111. Foodstuff Supplied to Dairy Cattle and
112. Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk in the North of
113. Parana State. Food Chem. Toxicol.
114. DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2005.02.003
115. Wang, J., X. Wang, Y. Zhou, L. Du and Q.
116. Wang, 2010. Fumonisin Detection and
117. Analysis of Potential Fumonisin-Producing
118. Fusarium spp. in Asparagus (Asparagus
119. officinalis L.) in Zhejiang Province of China. J
120. Sci Food Agri. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3893
121. Zain, M.E, 2011. Impact of Mycotoxins on
122. Humans and Animals., J Saudi Chem. Society.
123. DOI:10.1016/j.jscs.2010.06.006