شناسایی ژن مقاومت به ویروس Y در ژنوتیپ های سیب زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L) و ارتباط آن با عملکرد غده قابل فروش
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیحسن حسن آبادی 1 , عبدالهادی حسین زاده 2 , سیدعلی پیغمبری 3 , محمدرضا نقوی 4 , اکبر دیزجی 5
1 - استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج، ایران
2 - دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
3 - استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
4 - استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
5 - استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
کلید واژه: سیب زمینی, عملکرد غده, کلون, ژن Rysto, ویروس PVY,
چکیده مقاله :
ژن Rysto که منشأ آن گونه وحشی Solanum stoloniferum است و موجب ایمنی به ویروس Yی سیب زمینی می شود در 21 کلون و رقم (ژنوتیپ) سیب زمینی شناسایی شد و ژنوتیپ ها از لحاظ برخی صفات زراعی بررسی شدند. برای شناسایی این ژن مقاومت و عملکرد غده ژنوتیپ ها، پنج آزمایش اجرا شدند. در آزمایش اول 320 ژنوتیپ در مزرعه کشت شدند و براساس علایم ظاهری بیماری (با مشاهده علایم موزائیک در برگ ها) تعداد 55 کلون و رقم که فاقد علایم قابل رؤیت بیماری بودند از بین آنها انتخاب و سالم سازی شدند. در آزمایش دوم 55 ژنوتیپ مذکور در گلدان های 20 سانتی متری در شرایط 25-15 درجه سلسیوس در سه تکرار در گلخانه همراه با شاهد حساس دزیره کشت گردیدند. پس از پنج هفته برگ های ژنوتیپ های سیب زمینی، با شیره گیاه توتون که آلودگی آنها به PVYNTN قبلاً محرز شده بود تلقیح و 48 ساعت بعد عمل تلقیح تکرار شد. چهار هفته بعد ضمن یادداشت برداری علایم بیماری، آلودگی آنها از طریق آزمون الایزا بررسی و 23 ژنوتیپ که فاقد علامت بیماری بودند و نتیجه آزمون الایزای آنها منفی بود به عنوان مقاوم انتخاب شدند. در آزمایش سوم 23 ژنوتیپ در سه تکرار در گلخانه کشت گردیدند و عمل آلوده سازی آنها از طریق پیوند جوانه های جوان توتون آلوده به PVY صورت گرفت و 23 ژنوتیپ که در آزمون الایزا در هیچ یک از تکرارها آلودگی نشان ندادند به عنوان مقاوم منظور گردیدند. در آزمایش چهارم کلون های مقاوم با استفاده از نشانگر DNAی STM0003 برای حضور ژن Rysto بررسی گردیدند و نهایتاً چهار رقم (جلی، سانته، وایت لیدی، ساوالان) و 19 کلون پیشرفته سیب زمینی به عنوان مقاوم و حامل ژن Rysto شناسایی شدند. در آزمایش پنجم عملکرد غده قابل فروش ارقام و کلون های مقاوم به ویروس Y در شـرایط مزرعه ای بررسی و در نهایت کلون 8-397009 به عنوان کلون پرمحصول و مقاوم به بیماری ویروس Y انتخاب گردید. همچنین، این کلون دارای صفات کیفی مناسب از جمله شکل غده تخم مرغی مایل به گرد، غده های با اندازه یکنواخت، طول استولون کوتاه، رنگ گوشت زرد روشن، رنگ پوست زرد، درصد ماده خشک غده خوب، بافت گوشت غده نسبتاً نرم (چند منظوره) و عمق چشم غده سطحی بود.
In this study, the Rysto gene, originaly found in wild potato (Solanum stoloniferum), confers extreme resistance against PVY. It was identified in 21 potato clones and varieties and they were evaluated for some agronomic traits. For this purpose five trials were conducted. In first trial 320 potato genotypes were planted on the farm and 55 symptomless clone and cultivars were selected. In second trial, 55 genotypes along with sensitive control genotype (Desireh) were planted in 20 cm pots in the greenhouse at 15-20 °C with three replications. After five weeks, upper leaves were infected artificially with sap from tobacco fresh leaves checked for infection with PVYNTN and additional infections were repeated after 48 hours. Symptoms were recorded and all plants were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) about 4 weeks after inoculation. Plants that showed visual symptoms or/and gave at least a positive ELISA result were considered as susceptible and symptomless response with negative ELISA results were considered as resistant. In third trial, 23 genotypes were planted in the greenhouse and the PVY infected young tobacco shoots were grafted to symptomless genotypes with negative ELISA results with three replications and were selected as resistance genotypes. In fourth trial, all the PVY resistant genotypes were checked by molecular marker (STM0003) for detection of Rysto gene. Finally four potato varieties (Jelly, Sante, White Lady and Savalan cultivars) and 19 advanced clones were regarded as carriers of Rysto gene. In the fifth experiment genotypes were evaluated for marketable tuber yield of varieties and clones resistant to virus PVY in field conditions and 397009-8 clone was selected as high-yielding and tolerant genotype to PVY virus. Also, This clone did also have appropriate quality traits like oval-round tuber shape, uniform tubers, short stolon length, light yellow flesh color, yellow skin color, good tuber dry matter percent, tuber flesh texture of relatively soft (multipurpose) and shallow depth tuber eye.
Anonymous. 2015. Statistics vegetables (potato). Ministry of Jahad-Agriculture. http://www.maj.ir. 156 pp.
Celebi-Toprak, F., S.A. Slack, and M.M. Jahn. 2002. A new gene, Nytbr, for hypersensitivity to potato virus Y from Solanum tuberosum maps to chromosome IV. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 104: 669-74.
Cernak, I., J. Taller, I. Wolf, E. Feher, G. Babinszky, Z. Alfoldi, G. Csanadi and Z. Polgar 2008. Analysis of the applicability of molecular markers linked to the PVY extreme resistance gene Rysto, and the identification of new markers. Acta Biologica Hungarica. 59(2):195-203.
Chatzivassiliou, E.K., E. Moschos, S. Gazi, P. Koutretsis, and M. Tsoukaki. 2008. Infection of potato crops and seeds with potato virus Y and potato leaf roll virus in Greece. Journal of Plant Pathology. 90(2):253-261.
Chen, H., Q. Ou, Y. Tang, X. Gao, L. Wu, C. Xue, C. Yu, J. Cui, and Y. Diao. 2014. Development and evaluation of a DAS-ELISA for Rapid detection of Tembusu virus using monoclonal antibodies against the envelope protein. Journal Pone. 5;9(5):366-369.
Crawford, K.M., and P.C. Zambryski. 2001. Non-targeted and targeted protein movement through plasmodesmata in leaves in different development and physiological states. Plant Physiology. 125: 1802-1812.
Dusi, A.N., C. Carvalo, A.C. Torres, and A.C. Avila. 2001. Resistance levels to two strains of potato virus Y in transgenic potatoes cv. Achat. Horticultura Brasileira, Brasilia. 19(3): 384-350.
FAOSTAT. 2014. Available in: http://faostat.fao.org
Fathi, M., R. Asghari, M. Valizadeh, S. Aharizad, and D. Hassanpanah. 2010. Evaluation of advanced clones from true potato seed. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2(19): 207-214.
Fulladolsa, A.C., F.M. Navaro, R. Kota, K. Severson, J.P. Palta, and A.O. Charkowsky. 2015. Application of marker assisted selection for potato virus Y resistance in the University of Wisconsin potato breeding program. American Journal of Potato Research. 92: 444-450.
Hassanabadi, H. 2006. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative traits of potato cultivars based on the germplasm grouping. Project Final Report, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. Press Registration Number 85/832. 172 pp. (In Persian).
Hassanpanah, D., and H. Hassanabadi. 2010. Evaluation of water deficit tolerance of advanced cultivars and clones of potato in Ardabil. Journal of Crop and Weed Eco-Physiology. 4(16): 1-18. (In Persian).
Hassanpanah, D., H. Hassanabadi, and M. Yarnia. 2008b. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characters of advanced cultivars and clones of potato in Ardabil. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2(8): 23-33. (In Persian).
Hassanpanah, D., H. Hassanabadi, M. Yarnia, and M.B. Khorshidi. 2008a. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characters of advanced cultivars and clones of potato in Ardabil region. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2(5): 19-31. (In Persian).
Heldák, J., M. Bežo., V. Štefúnová, and A. Galliková 2007.Selection of DNA markers for detection of extreme resistance to potato virus Y in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) F1 progenies. Czech Journal Genetic Plant Breeding. 43(4):125-134.
Hosseini, A., H. Massumi, J. Heydarnejad, A. Hosseini Pour, and A. Varsani. 2011. Characterisation of potato virus Y isolates from Iran. Virus Genes. 42(1): 128-140.
Kasai, K., Y. Morikawa, V.A. Sorri, J.P.T. Valkonen, C. Gebhardt, and K.N. Watanabe. 2000. Development of SCAR markers to the PVY resistance gene Ryadg based on a common feature of plant disease resistance genes. Genome. 43:1-8.
Lozoya, H., F. Abello, and G. Garcia. 1996. Electrotherapy and shoot tip culture eliminate PVX in potatoes. American Potato Journal. 73:149-154.
Ruiz-Medrano, R., B. Xoconostle-Cazares, and W.J. Lucas. 2001. The phloem as a conduit for inter-organ communication. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 4(3): 202-209.
Saghai-Maroof, M.A., K.M. Soliman, R.A. Jorgensen, and R.W. Allard. 1984. Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in barley: Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location and population dymnamics. PNAS, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 81: 8014-8018.
Solomon-Blackburn, R., and H. Barker. 2001. A review of host major-gene resistance to potato viruses X, Y, A and V in potato: Genes, genetics and mapped locations. Heredity. 86: 8-16.
Song, Y.S., and A. Schwarzfischer. 2008. Development of STS markers for selection of extreme resistance (Rysto) to PVY and maternal pedigree analysis of extremely resistant cultivars. American Journal Potato Research. 85: 159-70.
Song, Y.S., L. Hepting, G. Schweizer, L. Hartl, G. Wenzel, and A. Schwarzfischer. 2005. Mapping of extreme resistance to PVY (Rysto) on chromosome XII using anther-culture-derived primary dihaploid potato lines. Theoretical and Applied Genetics.111: 879–887.
Tiwari, K.O., J. Gopal, and B.P. Singh. 2012. Marker assisted selection for virus resistance in potato: options and challenges. Potato Journal. 39(2): 101-117.
Valkonen, J.P.T. 2007. Viruses: Economical losses and biotechnological potential. In: D. Vreugdenhil, J. Bradshaw, C. Gebhardt, F. Govers, M. Taylor, D. MacKerron, and H. Ross (eds). Potato biology and biotechnology. Advances and Perspectives, Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp 619-641.
_||_Anonymous. 2015. Statistics vegetables (potato). Ministry of Jahad-Agriculture. http://www.maj.ir. 156 pp.
Celebi-Toprak, F., S.A. Slack, and M.M. Jahn. 2002. A new gene, Nytbr, for hypersensitivity to potato virus Y from Solanum tuberosum maps to chromosome IV. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 104: 669-74.
Cernak, I., J. Taller, I. Wolf, E. Feher, G. Babinszky, Z. Alfoldi, G. Csanadi and Z. Polgar 2008. Analysis of the applicability of molecular markers linked to the PVY extreme resistance gene Rysto, and the identification of new markers. Acta Biologica Hungarica. 59(2):195-203.
Chatzivassiliou, E.K., E. Moschos, S. Gazi, P. Koutretsis, and M. Tsoukaki. 2008. Infection of potato crops and seeds with potato virus Y and potato leaf roll virus in Greece. Journal of Plant Pathology. 90(2):253-261.
Chen, H., Q. Ou, Y. Tang, X. Gao, L. Wu, C. Xue, C. Yu, J. Cui, and Y. Diao. 2014. Development and evaluation of a DAS-ELISA for Rapid detection of Tembusu virus using monoclonal antibodies against the envelope protein. Journal Pone. 5;9(5):366-369.
Crawford, K.M., and P.C. Zambryski. 2001. Non-targeted and targeted protein movement through plasmodesmata in leaves in different development and physiological states. Plant Physiology. 125: 1802-1812.
Dusi, A.N., C. Carvalo, A.C. Torres, and A.C. Avila. 2001. Resistance levels to two strains of potato virus Y in transgenic potatoes cv. Achat. Horticultura Brasileira, Brasilia. 19(3): 384-350.
FAOSTAT. 2014. Available in: http://faostat.fao.org
Fathi, M., R. Asghari, M. Valizadeh, S. Aharizad, and D. Hassanpanah. 2010. Evaluation of advanced clones from true potato seed. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2(19): 207-214.
Fulladolsa, A.C., F.M. Navaro, R. Kota, K. Severson, J.P. Palta, and A.O. Charkowsky. 2015. Application of marker assisted selection for potato virus Y resistance in the University of Wisconsin potato breeding program. American Journal of Potato Research. 92: 444-450.
Hassanabadi, H. 2006. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative traits of potato cultivars based on the germplasm grouping. Project Final Report, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. Press Registration Number 85/832. 172 pp. (In Persian).
Hassanpanah, D., and H. Hassanabadi. 2010. Evaluation of water deficit tolerance of advanced cultivars and clones of potato in Ardabil. Journal of Crop and Weed Eco-Physiology. 4(16): 1-18. (In Persian).
Hassanpanah, D., H. Hassanabadi, and M. Yarnia. 2008b. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characters of advanced cultivars and clones of potato in Ardabil. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2(8): 23-33. (In Persian).
Hassanpanah, D., H. Hassanabadi, M. Yarnia, and M.B. Khorshidi. 2008a. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characters of advanced cultivars and clones of potato in Ardabil region. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2(5): 19-31. (In Persian).
Heldák, J., M. Bežo., V. Štefúnová, and A. Galliková 2007.Selection of DNA markers for detection of extreme resistance to potato virus Y in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) F1 progenies. Czech Journal Genetic Plant Breeding. 43(4):125-134.
Hosseini, A., H. Massumi, J. Heydarnejad, A. Hosseini Pour, and A. Varsani. 2011. Characterisation of potato virus Y isolates from Iran. Virus Genes. 42(1): 128-140.
Kasai, K., Y. Morikawa, V.A. Sorri, J.P.T. Valkonen, C. Gebhardt, and K.N. Watanabe. 2000. Development of SCAR markers to the PVY resistance gene Ryadg based on a common feature of plant disease resistance genes. Genome. 43:1-8.
Lozoya, H., F. Abello, and G. Garcia. 1996. Electrotherapy and shoot tip culture eliminate PVX in potatoes. American Potato Journal. 73:149-154.
Ruiz-Medrano, R., B. Xoconostle-Cazares, and W.J. Lucas. 2001. The phloem as a conduit for inter-organ communication. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 4(3): 202-209.
Saghai-Maroof, M.A., K.M. Soliman, R.A. Jorgensen, and R.W. Allard. 1984. Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in barley: Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location and population dymnamics. PNAS, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 81: 8014-8018.
Solomon-Blackburn, R., and H. Barker. 2001. A review of host major-gene resistance to potato viruses X, Y, A and V in potato: Genes, genetics and mapped locations. Heredity. 86: 8-16.
Song, Y.S., and A. Schwarzfischer. 2008. Development of STS markers for selection of extreme resistance (Rysto) to PVY and maternal pedigree analysis of extremely resistant cultivars. American Journal Potato Research. 85: 159-70.
Song, Y.S., L. Hepting, G. Schweizer, L. Hartl, G. Wenzel, and A. Schwarzfischer. 2005. Mapping of extreme resistance to PVY (Rysto) on chromosome XII using anther-culture-derived primary dihaploid potato lines. Theoretical and Applied Genetics.111: 879–887.
Tiwari, K.O., J. Gopal, and B.P. Singh. 2012. Marker assisted selection for virus resistance in potato: options and challenges. Potato Journal. 39(2): 101-117.
Valkonen, J.P.T. 2007. Viruses: Economical losses and biotechnological potential. In: D. Vreugdenhil, J. Bradshaw, C. Gebhardt, F. Govers, M. Taylor, D. MacKerron, and H. Ross (eds). Potato biology and biotechnology. Advances and Perspectives, Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp 619-641.