بررسی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت با محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
محمود توحیدی
1
(استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد دزفول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دزفول، ایران)
رحیم فلاحی
2
(دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد دزفول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دزفول، ایران)
کلید واژه: عملکرد, ذرت, سالیسیلیک اسید, محلول پاشی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تاثیر غلظت و تعداد دفعات محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت در شمال خوزستان، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 94-1393، به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکـرار اجـرا شــد. تیمار غلظت سالیسیلیک اسید در پنج سطح شامل صفر (شاهد)، 0.25، 0.5، 0.75 و 1 میلی مولار و تیمار تعـداد دفعـات محـلول پاشی در سه سطح شـامل محلول پاشی در مرحله 8-6 برگی، دو بار محلول پاشی در مرحله 8-6 برگی و ده روز بعد از آن و سه بار محلول پاشی در مرحله 8-6 برگی و ده و بیست روز بعد از آن در نظرگرفته شدند. نتایج حاصل از آزمایش نشان داد که شاخص سطح برگ، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد شامل وزن هزار دانه، تعداد ردیف دانه در بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف تحت تاثیر مقادیر مختلف غلظت و تعداد دفعات محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید قرار گرفتند اما برهم کنش آنها اختلاف معنی داری نداشت. عملکرد بیولوژیک تحت تاثیر مقادیر مختلف غلظت سالیسیلیک اسید قرار گرفت به طوری که، بیشترین مقدار عملکرد بیولوژیک مربوط به تیمار غلظت 0.75 میلی مولار با 18150 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین آن مربوط به شاهد (بدون محلول پاشی) با 15410 کیلوگرم در هکتار بودند اما تعـداد دفعـات محلول پاشی و برهم کنش آنها اختلاف معنی داری نداشت. محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید در مقادیر مختلف، عملکرد دانه را افزایش داد به طوری که بیشترین مقدار عملکرد دانه مربوط به تیمار غلظت 1 میلی مولار با 8998 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین آن مربوط به شاهد (بدون محلول پاشی) با 6897 کیلوگرم در هکتار برآورد شدند و در تیمار تعداد دفعات محلول پاشی بیشترین مقدار عملکرد دانه با 8592 کیلوگرم در هکتار با دو بار محلول پاشی در مرحله 8-6 برگی و ده روز بعد از آن به دست آمد. نتیجه گرفته شد که مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید می تواند در افزایش عملکرد و رشد ذرت مؤثر باشد.
To study the effect of salicylic acid concentrations and foliar application times on yield and yield components of maize in the northern Khuzestan, a field experiment in 2014-2015, as factorial in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. Experimental factors were salicylic acid concentration in five levels, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 1 Mm and foliar application times with three levels: once at 6-8 leaf stage, twice at 6-8 leaf stage and ten days after that, thrice at 6-8 leaf stage and twenty days after that. Results showed that the leaf area index, grain yield and yield components, like grain thousand weight, number of kernel rows per ear and number of kernels per row, were affected significantly by different salicylic acid concentrations and foliar application times, but the effect of salicylic acid concentration ×foliar application time interactions were not significant. Biologic yield was affected by different concentration of salicylic acid. The highest biologic yield of 18150 kg/ha related to 0.75 Mm salicylic acid concentration and lowest to control (no foliar application) with 15140 kg.ha-1, but the effect of foliar application times and their interactions were not significant. Foliar application of salicylic acid increased grain yield. The highest grain yield of 8998 kg.ha-1 related to 1 Mm concentration treatment and lowest (6897 kg.ha-1) to control (no foliar application). Highest grain yield (8592 kg.ha-1) belonged to two time foliar applications, at 6-8 leaf stage and ten days after that. The conclusion is that the application of salicylic acid could be beneficial in increasing grain yield of maize.
Abd El-Wahed, M.S.A., A.A. Amin, and El-Sh.M. Rashed. 2006. Physiological effect of some bioregulators on vegetative growth, yield and chemical constituents of yellow maize plants. World Journal Agricultural Sciences. 2(2): 149-155.
Al-Whaibi, M.H., M.H. Siddiqui, and M.O. Basalah. 2011. Salicylic acid and calcium- induced protection of wheat against salinity. Protoplasma. 249: 769-778
Bayat, S., and A. Sepehri. 2012. Paclobutrazol and salicylic acid application ameliorates the negative effect of water stress on growth and yield of maize plant. Journal of Research in Agricultural Science. 8-2: 127-139.
Daneshmand, F., M.J. Arvin, B. Keramat, and N. Momeni. 2013. Interctive effect of salt stress and salicylic acid on germination and plant growth parameters of maize (Zea mays L.) under field condations. Journal of Plant Process Function. 1)1(: 56-70 (In Persian).
Ebrahimi, M., and B. Jafari Haghghi. 2012. The effect of salicylic acid application on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) in drought stress condition. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 4(1): 1-13. (In Persian).
El-Tayeb, M.A. 2005. Response of barley grain to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation. 42: 215-224.
Fariduddin, Q., S. Hayat, and A. Ahmad. 2003. Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reducutase activity, and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica. 41(2): 281-284.
Gautam, S.H., and K. Sing. 2009. Salicylic acid –induced salinity tolerance in corn grown under NaCl stress. Acta Physiology Plantarum. 31:1185-1190.
Gunes, A., A. Inal, M. Alpaslan, F. Eraslan, and E.G. Bagci. 2007. Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology. 16: 728-736.
Mehrabian moghadam, N., M.J. Arvin, G.H. Khajuinejad, and K. Maghsudy. 2011. Effect of Salicylic acid on growth and forage and grain yield of maize under drought stress in field conditions. Journal of Seed and Plant Production.27(2): 41-55. (In Persian).
Metwally, A., I. Finkemeier, M. Georgi, and K.J. Dietz. 2003. Salicylic acid alleviates the cadmium toxicity in barley seedlings. Plant Physiology. 132: 272-281.
Naghizadeh, M., and M. Gholami Turan Poshti. 2014. Effect of seed priming with salicylic acid on yield and yield components of wheat under drought stress. Journal of Agroecology. 6: 162-170. (In Persian).
Nemeth, M., T. Janda, E. Horvath, E. Paldi, and G. Szalai. 2002. Exogenous salicylic acid increases polyamine content but may decrease drought tolerance in maize. Plant Science. 162: 569-574.
Noreen, S., and M. Ashraf. 2008. Alleviation of adverse effects of salt stress on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by exogenous application of salicylic acid: growth and photosynthesis. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 40 (4): 1657-1663.
Nour mohammadi, G., A. Siadat, and A. Kashani. 2001. Agronomy: cereal crops. University of Shahid Chamran Publication. 446 pp. (In Persian).
Sarmadnia, Gh., and A. Koocheki. 1990. Crop physiologi. University of Mashhad Press. 467pp. (In Persian).
Shakirova, F.M., S. Hayat, and A. Ahmad. 2007. Role of hormonal system in the manifestation of growth promoting and antistress action of salicylic acid. Salicylic Acid: A Plant Hormone. Springer. pp 69-89.
Shakirova, F.M., and M.V. Bezrukova. 1997. Induction of wheat resistance against environmental salinization by salicylic acid. Biology Bullentin. 24: 109-112.
Singh, B., and K. Usha. 2003. Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 39: 137-141.
Wang, L.J., and S.H. Li. 2006. Salicylic acid induced heat or cold tolerance in relation to Ca2+ homeostasis and antioxidant systems in young grape plants. Plant Science. 170: 695-694.
Yazdani, M., M.A, Bahmanyar, H. Pirdashti, and M.A. Esmaili. 2009. Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of corn. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 3: 2-12.
Zhou, X.M., A.F. Mackeuzie, C.A. Madramootoo, and D.L.J. Smith. 1999. Effect of some injected plant growth regulators, with or without sucrose, on grain production, biomass and photosynthetic activity of field-grown corn plants. Journal Agronomy and Crop Science. 183: 103-110.
_||_Abd El-Wahed, M.S.A., A.A. Amin, and El-Sh.M. Rashed. 2006. Physiological effect of some bioregulators on vegetative growth, yield and chemical constituents of yellow maize plants. World Journal Agricultural Sciences. 2(2): 149-155.
Al-Whaibi, M.H., M.H. Siddiqui, and M.O. Basalah. 2011. Salicylic acid and calcium- induced protection of wheat against salinity. Protoplasma. 249: 769-778
Bayat, S., and A. Sepehri. 2012. Paclobutrazol and salicylic acid application ameliorates the negative effect of water stress on growth and yield of maize plant. Journal of Research in Agricultural Science. 8-2: 127-139.
Daneshmand, F., M.J. Arvin, B. Keramat, and N. Momeni. 2013. Interctive effect of salt stress and salicylic acid on germination and plant growth parameters of maize (Zea mays L.) under field condations. Journal of Plant Process Function. 1)1(: 56-70 (In Persian).
Ebrahimi, M., and B. Jafari Haghghi. 2012. The effect of salicylic acid application on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) in drought stress condition. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 4(1): 1-13. (In Persian).
El-Tayeb, M.A. 2005. Response of barley grain to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation. 42: 215-224.
Fariduddin, Q., S. Hayat, and A. Ahmad. 2003. Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reducutase activity, and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica. 41(2): 281-284.
Gautam, S.H., and K. Sing. 2009. Salicylic acid –induced salinity tolerance in corn grown under NaCl stress. Acta Physiology Plantarum. 31:1185-1190.
Gunes, A., A. Inal, M. Alpaslan, F. Eraslan, and E.G. Bagci. 2007. Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology. 16: 728-736.
Mehrabian moghadam, N., M.J. Arvin, G.H. Khajuinejad, and K. Maghsudy. 2011. Effect of Salicylic acid on growth and forage and grain yield of maize under drought stress in field conditions. Journal of Seed and Plant Production.27(2): 41-55. (In Persian).
Metwally, A., I. Finkemeier, M. Georgi, and K.J. Dietz. 2003. Salicylic acid alleviates the cadmium toxicity in barley seedlings. Plant Physiology. 132: 272-281.
Naghizadeh, M., and M. Gholami Turan Poshti. 2014. Effect of seed priming with salicylic acid on yield and yield components of wheat under drought stress. Journal of Agroecology. 6: 162-170. (In Persian).
Nemeth, M., T. Janda, E. Horvath, E. Paldi, and G. Szalai. 2002. Exogenous salicylic acid increases polyamine content but may decrease drought tolerance in maize. Plant Science. 162: 569-574.
Noreen, S., and M. Ashraf. 2008. Alleviation of adverse effects of salt stress on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by exogenous application of salicylic acid: growth and photosynthesis. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 40 (4): 1657-1663.
Nour mohammadi, G., A. Siadat, and A. Kashani. 2001. Agronomy: cereal crops. University of Shahid Chamran Publication. 446 pp. (In Persian).
Sarmadnia, Gh., and A. Koocheki. 1990. Crop physiologi. University of Mashhad Press. 467pp. (In Persian).
Shakirova, F.M., S. Hayat, and A. Ahmad. 2007. Role of hormonal system in the manifestation of growth promoting and antistress action of salicylic acid. Salicylic Acid: A Plant Hormone. Springer. pp 69-89.
Shakirova, F.M., and M.V. Bezrukova. 1997. Induction of wheat resistance against environmental salinization by salicylic acid. Biology Bullentin. 24: 109-112.
Singh, B., and K. Usha. 2003. Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 39: 137-141.
Wang, L.J., and S.H. Li. 2006. Salicylic acid induced heat or cold tolerance in relation to Ca2+ homeostasis and antioxidant systems in young grape plants. Plant Science. 170: 695-694.
Yazdani, M., M.A, Bahmanyar, H. Pirdashti, and M.A. Esmaili. 2009. Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of corn. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 3: 2-12.
Zhou, X.M., A.F. Mackeuzie, C.A. Madramootoo, and D.L.J. Smith. 1999. Effect of some injected plant growth regulators, with or without sucrose, on grain production, biomass and photosynthetic activity of field-grown corn plants. Journal Agronomy and Crop Science. 183: 103-110.