پاسخ عملکرد دانه و روغن ژنوتیپ های کلزا (Brassica napus L.) در اراضی شور دشت تبریز
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
بهمن پاسبان اسلام
1
,
بهرام علیزاده
2
1 - دانشیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران
2 - دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/01/08
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/06/23
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/09/20
کلید واژه:
عملکرد دانه,
تجزیه کلاستر,
درصد روغن دانه,
کلزای پاییزه,
اراضی شور,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش به منظور ارزیابی پاسخ عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه و روغن ژنوتیپ های کلزا در اراضی شور دشت تبریز و گزینش لاین های امید بخش اجرا گردید. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و 38 ژنوتیپ کلزا در اراضی شور ایستگاه خسروشاه مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی (هدایت الکتریکی خاک مزرعه 7/6 و آب 2/3 دسی زیمنس بر متر) طی سال زراعی 97-1396 پیاده شد. بین ژنوتیپ های مورد ارزیابی اختلاف معنی داری از نظر ارتفاع بوته، اجزای عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن دیده شد. WRL-96-01 با کسب تعداد 123 خورجین در بوته، 3/30 دانه در خورجین، 4/3 گرم وزن هزار دانه و به ترتیب 3268 و 1526 کیلوگرم عملکرد دانه و روغن در هکتار، بیشترین مقادیر را به خود اختصاص داد. ارقام رایج منطقه مانند اکاپی و نیما در خاک شور، عملکرد های دانه و روغن کمتری نشان دادند. بین اجزای عملکرد دانه با همدیگر و با عملکرد دانه و روغن و همچنین بین عملکرد روغن با عملکرد دانه و با درصد روغن دانه همبستگی مثبت و معنی دار به دست آمد. این امر نشان دهنده نقش تعیین کننده همه اجزای عملکرد دانه در تولید محصول در خاک شور بود. با تجزیه کلاستر به روش وارد، 20 ژنوتیپ با میانگین عملکرد دانه و روغن بالاتر در یک گروه جای گرفتند. این گروه به عنوان ژنوتیپ های امید بخش انتخاب شده و برای آزمایش های سازگاری جهت معرفی ارقام پر محصول و سازگار با اراضی شور دشت تبریز و مناطقی با شرایط آب و هوایی مشابه می توانند مورد توجه قرار گیرند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The present research was done to evaluate the response of seed and oil yields and its components of some rapeseed genotypes at saline areas of Tabriz plain and to select promising lines. The experiment was carried out at the Khosroshah Station of East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center with saline soil (EC of soil and water were 6.7 and 3.2 dS m-1 respectively), during cropping season of 2017-18. The experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with 38 rapeseed genotypes and three replications. Among the genotypes under study significant differences were observed in plant height, seed yield and its components, oil percent, seed and oil yields. The results indicated that WRL-96-01 produced highest silique number per plant (123), seed number per silique (30.3), 1000 seeds weight (3.4 g), seed (3268 kg.ha-1) and oil (1526 kg.ha-1) yields respectively. Comnly used varieties in the area like Okapi and Nima produced lower seed and oil yields under this experiment conditions. Significant and positive correlations were seen among the seed yield and its components, oil yields and also between oil yield with oil percent and seed yield. These results indicate that genotyps under study produced proper seed and oil yields under saline condition. By cluster analysis with ward method, 20 genotypes with higher seed and oil yields, located in one group as promising lines. It seems that these genotypes could be used for future evaluation in saline areas of Tabriz plain and areas with similar climate.
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