اثر همزیستی میکوریزایی همراه با ورمی کمپوست و چای کمپوست بر عملکرد نعناع آبی (Mentha aquatic L.)

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مصطفی کوزه گر کالجی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.)
محمد رضا اردکانی ² (استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.)
ناصر خدابنده ³ (استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.)
مجتبی علوی فاضل ⁴ (دانشیار، گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران .)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/08/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/07/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/08/01

کلید واژه: کود آلی, شاخص سطح برگ, عملکرد اسانس, نعناع, کودبیولوژیک,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی اثر کودهای آلی و همزیستی میکوریزایی بر اجزای عملکرد و درصد اسانس نعناع آبی آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با 8 تیمار و 4 تکرار در سال 1393 در ساری اجرا شد. عوامل شامل کاربرد میکوریزا در دو سطح (صفر و 10درصد حجم گلدان)، ورمی کمپوست در دو سطح (صفر و 10 درصد حجم گلدان) و چای کمپوست در دو سطح (صفر و 5/1 لیتر برای هر گلدان) در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که استفاده از کودهای آلی و همزیستی میکوریزایی به طور معنی دار باعث بهبود خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی نعناع آبی می شود. تیمارهای کود آلی تاثیر معنی دار بر اغلب صفات مورد بررسی داشته و منجر به افزایش کلیه صفات در مقایسه با شاهد شدند. به طوری که، بیشترین مقادیر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن خشک بوته، طول ریشه، قطر ریشه، شاخص سطح برگ، درصد و عملکرد اسانس تحت تاثیر تیمار همزیستی میکوریزایی، کاربرد چای کمپوست، ورمی کمپوست و کمترین آنها در تیمار شاهد حاصل گردیدند. به طورکلی، کاربرد کودهای آلی و بیولوژیک در مقایسه با عدم مصرف آنها منجر به حصول عملکرد بالا در گیاه نعناع آبی گردید. در واقع این افزایش عملکرد در اثر کودهای آلی و بیولوژیک از طریق بهبود فعالیت تنظیم کننده های رشد گیاه و کاهش آبشویی عناصر موجود در خاک و فراهمی بیشتر جذب عناصر غذایی منجر به افزایش رشد گیاه شده و در نتیجه سبب افزایش اجزای عملکرد و درصد اسانس نعناع آبی گردیده است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To evaluate the effect of organic fertilizers and mycorrhizal symbiosis on yield components and percentage of essence of Mentha aquatica, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications was conducted in Sari, in 2014. The experimental treatments were mycorrhizal fuangi (Glomus mosseae) with two levels (0 and 10% per pot), vermi-compost with two levels (0 and 10% per pot) and compost of tea with two levels (0 and 1.5 liter per pot). The results showed that use of organic fertilizer and mycorrhizal symbiosis significantly improved the quantity and quality characters Mentha aquatica. Use of organic and biological fertilizers had a significant effect on most of the measured traits and increased all of the traits as compared to those of control. Thus, highest plant height, leaf number, seed number per plant, plant dry weight, root length, root diameter, leaf area index, essence present and essence yield were obtained by using mycorrhizal symbiosis and compost tea, vermin-compost as compared to those of control treatment. Generally, the use of organic and biofertilizers, produced optimum quality and quantity of Mentha aquatica. In fact, increased performance of organic and biological fertilizers improved the activity of plant growth regulators and reduced elemental leaching and thus resulted in higher absorption of nutrients, increased plant growth, seed yield and essential oil content of Mentha aquatica.

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