اثر محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و اسید بتا آمینوبوتیریک بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد بادرشبی (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

فاطمه مهسا کارآموزیان ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری بخش بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک مولکولی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران)
غلامرضا شریفی سیرچی ² (دانشیار گروه مهندسی بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، کرمان، ایران)
مونا سلیمی ³ (دانشیار بخش فیزیولوژی و فارماکولوژی انستیتو پاستور، تهران، ایران)
عزیز فومن اجیرلو ⁴ (استادیار سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/08/25 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/11/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/11/01

کلید واژه: اسید سالیسیلیک, بادرشبی, القاءکننده, اسید بتا آمینوبوتیریک,

چکیده مقاله :

اثر محلول پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و اسید بتا آمینوبوتیریک بر عملکرد و ویژگی های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی بادرشبی طی پژوهشی به صورت فاکتوریل با طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 4 تکرار در سال زراعی 1397-1396 در کرمان انجام شد. محلول پاشی یک ماه قبل از برداشت در سه غلظت صفر، 0.5 و 1 میلی مولار انجام گردید. ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد برگ، عملکرد ماده تر و خشک، تعداد شاخه جانبی، عملکرد عصاره تام و اسانس اندازه ` گیری شد. شناسایی ترکیبات اسانس به روش کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) همراه با طیف سنجی جرمی (GC/MS) با مقایسه شاخص بازداری و مطالعه طیف سنجی جرمی به عمل آمد. طبق نتایج، اثرات القاء کننده های اسید سالیسیلیک و اسید بتا آمینوبوتیریک روی ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ، عملکرد ماده تر و خشک در سطح احتمال 1% معنی دار بودند؛ اما روی قطر ساقه و تعداد شاخه جانبی اختلاف معنی دار نداشتند. اثرات متقابل هر دو القاء کننده روی ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد ماده خشک، به ترتیب در سطح احتمال 5% و 1% معنی دار بودند؛ در حالی که روی سایر صفات مورد مطالعه اختلاف معنی داری نداشتند. همچنین، کاربرد هر دو القاءکننده موجب افزایش عملکرد عصاره تام و اسانس گردید. بیشترین درصد ترکیبات اصلی در اسانس بادرشبی تحت تأثیر مقدار 1 میلی مولار اسید سالیسیلیک و در فقدان اسید بتا آمینوبوتیریک، شامل ژرانیل استات 8/36%، ژرانیول 5/20%، ژرانیال 7/19%، نرال 9/14% و نرال استات 9/%2 به دست آمد. به طورکلی، کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک و اسید بتا آمینوبوتیریک بـرای افزایش عملکرد بادرشبی مثبت بود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of salicylic acid and beta-aminobutyric acid on yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica (L.), during cropping year of 2017-2018, in a experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 4 replications was carried out in Kerman. Foliar spraying was done one month before harvesting with three concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1 mM). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh matter yield, dry matter yield, number of lateral branches, yield of total extract and essential oil were measured. Identification of essential oil components was done by using a gas chromatography (GC) which was connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) by comparing the inhibition indices and mass spectrometry study. According to the results, the effect of both elicitors of salicylic acid and beta aminobutyric acid on plant height, number of leaves, fresh matter yield and dry matter yield were significant at 1% level of probability; But, there was no significant difference in stem diameter and number of lateral branches. The interaction effect of both elicitors on plant height and dry matter yield was significant at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively. While there was no significant difference on other traits under study. Also, the use of both elicitors increased the total extract and essential oil yields. The highest percentage of main compounds in essential oil was affected under the influence of the amount of 1 mM salicylic acid in absence of beta aminobutyric acid, including 36.8% geranyl acetate, 20.5% geraniol, 19.7% geranial, 14.9% neral and neral acetate 2.9%. In general, the use of salicylic acid was found and beta-aminobutyric acid to increase Dracocephalum moldavica (L.) yield.

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