بررسی عوامل محدود کننده عملکرد دانه گندم درمنطقه شرق استان کرمان
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیمحمدعلی باقری پور 1 , حسین حیدری شریف آباد 2 , احمد مهربان 3 , حمیدرضا گنجعلی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری ،گروه زراعت، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران
2 - استاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات، ایران- تهران
3 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران
کلید واژه: گندم, عملکرد واقعی, پتانسیل عملکرد, خلاء عملکرد, CPA,
چکیده مقاله :
بررسی و تعیین عوامل محدود کننده عملکرد دانه گندم و سهم هریک از آنها در ایجاد خلاء عملکرد دانه، این مطالعه در شرق استان کرمان و در شهرهای بم، نرماشیر و فهرج در 15 مزرعه (هر شهر 5 مزرعه) در سال های زراعی 1397-1396 و 1398-1397 به صورت پیمایشی و بر اساس روشCPA (Comparative Performance Analysis) انجام شد. در این پژوهش، کلیه اطلاعات مربوط به عوامل مدیریتی، اقلیمی و صفات زراعی در هر یک از سه شهر بم، نرماشیر و فهرج (شامل 45 متغیر) اندازه گیری و ثبت شدند. رابطه بین عملکرد دانه گندم و کلیه متغیرهای مورد مطالعه با استفاده از روش رگرسیون چند گانه گام به گام بررسی شدند. برای عوامل مدیریتی و اقلیمی یک مدل تولید تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد بین عملکرد واقعی (عملکرد کشاورزان) و عملکرد پتانسیل (عملکرد قابل حصول) 98/2347 کیلوگرم در هکتار خلاء (فاصله) وجود دارد. میزان آبیاری، کود نیتروژن مصرفی، تراکم سنبله و تأخیر در کاشت به ترتیب 1/51 ،4/36 ،9/7 و5/4 درصد در ایجاد خلاء عملکرد نقش داشتند. در بین مزارع مورد بررسی مزرعه واقع در فیروزآباد فهرج با عملکرد دانه 6272 کیلوگرم در هکتار بالاترین عملکرد دانه و مزرعه واقع در دولت آباد فهرج با 1116 کیلوگرم در هکتار کمترین عملکرد دانه را به خود اختصاص دادند. باتوجه به نتایج این پژوهش به نظر می‌رسد با مدیریت صحیح مزارع و بهینه نمودن عوامل محدود کننده (میزان آبیاری، کود نیتروژن مصرفی، تراکم سنبله و تأخیر در کاشت) می توان عملکرد دانه گندم در مناطق بم، نرماشیر و فهرج را به میزان حدود 98/2347 کیلوگرم در هکتار نسبت به عملکردهای فعلی کشاورزان افزایش داد.
To investigate and determine the limiting factors of wheat grain yield and the contribution of each of these factors in creating wheat grain yield gap, this study was conducted based on the CPA method (comparison performance analysis) in the eastern part of Kerman. Fifteen farms in each at Bam, Narmashir and Fahraj cities, (5 farms in each city) studied for two years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). In this study, all information related to management, climate and agricultural traits (including 45 variables) were measured and recorded. Using multiple regression method, the relationship between wheat yield and all variables were examined step by step. A production model was determined for management and climate factors. The results showed that there was a gap between the actual yield (farmers' yield) and the potential yield (attainable yield) of 2347.98 kg.ha-1. Irrigation rate, consumed nitrogen fertilizer, spike density and late planting were 51.1%, 36.4%, 7.9% and 4.5%, respectively, involved in creating yield gap. Among the farms studied, the farm located in Firoozabad Fahraj with 6272 kg.ha-1 seed yield had the highest seed yield and the farm located in Dolatabad Fahraj with 1116 kg.ha-1 had the lowest grain yield. According to this research, it seems that with proper management of farms and optimization of limiting factors (Irrigation rate, consumed nitrogen fertilizer, spike density and late planting) wheat yield in Bam, Narmashir and Fahraj regions can be increased by 2347.98 kg.ha-1 as compared to that of the current yields of the farmers, studied.
2011. United Nation. Word population to reach 10 billion by 2100 if fertility in all countries converges to replacement level. Press release 3 may 2011. At, assessed 1 December 2011.
2014. FAO, The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2012: Economic growth is necessary but not sufficient to accelerate reduction of hunger and malnutrition. FAO, Rome.
Donaldson, E., W.F. Schillinger, and S.M. Dofing. 2001. Straw production and grain yield relationships in winter wheat. Crop Science. 41(1): 100-106.
Hajarpour, A., A. Soltani, E. Zeinali, H. Kashiri, and A. Aynehband. 2017. Evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield gap Golestan province of Iran using comparative performance analysis method. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 19(2): 86-101.(In Persian).
Heidari Sharif Abad, H. 2018. Plant, growth and development. Karaj Publishing. 393 pp.(In Persian).
Heidari Sharif Abad, H., and M. Naghashzadeh. 2015. Crop yield and global food security. Islamic Azad University, Quds Branch Publications. 2: 431pp. (In Persian).
Kayiranga, D. 2006. The effect of land factors and management practices on rice yields, (Case Study in Cyili Inland Valley, Gikonko District, Rwanda). International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation Enschede (ITC). The Netherlands. Master of Science Thesis. 85pp.
Koocheki, A., M. Nassiri, H. Mansoori, and R. Moradi. 2017. Effect of climate and management factors on potential and gap of wheat yield in Iran with using WOFOST model. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 15(2): 244-256. (In Persian).
Nekahi, M.Z., A. Soltani, A. Siahmarguee, and N. Bagherani. 2014. Yield gap associated with crop management in wheat (Bandar Gaz). Electronic Journal of Crop Production.7(2): 135-156.(In Persian).
Noori, A., A. Ashraf Mehrabi, and H. Safari. 2017. Study of correlation and path coefficient analysis of agronomic traits and grain yield for Aegilops cylindrica accessions under non-stress and drought stress conditions in Ilam. Journal of Crop Breeding. 9(23): 76-84. (In Persian).
Rahemi Karizaki, A., S. Galeshi, and A. Soltani. 2013. Evaluation of wheat yield and related traits variation in temperate semi-humid conditions. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 6(2): 17-33. (In Persian).
Rahnama, M., A. Bakhshandeh, and G. Noor Mohammadi. 2000. Effect of tiller manipulation at different plantting densities on grain vield and its components of Atrak cultivar in south khuzistan. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 2(3): 12-24. (In Persian).
Shirinzadeh, A., H. Heidari Sharifabad, G. Nour Mohammadi, E. Majidi, and H. Madani. 2018. Yield gap associated with crop management in wheat (CASE Study: Ardabil Province- Parsabad Moghan). Egyptian Journal of Agronomy. 40(3) : 223-236.
Smil, V. 2005. Do we need higher farm yields during the first half of the 21st century, Yields of Farmed Species: Constraints and Opportunities in the 21st Century, 1-14.
Soltani, A. 2007. Application of SAS in statistical analysis, Jahad-e-Daneshgai of Mashhad Press, 182pp. (In Persian).
Torabi, B., A. Soltani, S. Galeshi, E. Zeinali, and M. Kazemi Korgehei. 2013. Ranking factors causing the wheat yield gap in Gorgan. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 6: 171-189. (In Persian).
Torabi, B., A. Soltani, S. Galeshi, E. Zeinali, and M. Kazemi Korgehei. 2011. Analyzing wheat yield constraints in Gorgan. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 4(4): 1-17.(In Persian).
_||_2011. United Nation. Word population to reach 10 billion by 2100 if fertility in all countries converges to replacement level. Press release 3 may 2011. At, assessed 1 December 2011.
2014. FAO, The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2012: Economic growth is necessary but not sufficient to accelerate reduction of hunger and malnutrition. FAO, Rome.
Donaldson, E., W.F. Schillinger, and S.M. Dofing. 2001. Straw production and grain yield relationships in winter wheat. Crop Science. 41(1): 100-106.
Hajarpour, A., A. Soltani, E. Zeinali, H. Kashiri, and A. Aynehband. 2017. Evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield gap Golestan province of Iran using comparative performance analysis method. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 19(2): 86-101.(In Persian).
Heidari Sharif Abad, H. 2018. Plant, growth and development. Karaj Publishing. 393 pp.(In Persian).
Heidari Sharif Abad, H., and M. Naghashzadeh. 2015. Crop yield and global food security. Islamic Azad University, Quds Branch Publications. 2: 431pp. (In Persian).
Kayiranga, D. 2006. The effect of land factors and management practices on rice yields, (Case Study in Cyili Inland Valley, Gikonko District, Rwanda). International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation Enschede (ITC). The Netherlands. Master of Science Thesis. 85pp.
Koocheki, A., M. Nassiri, H. Mansoori, and R. Moradi. 2017. Effect of climate and management factors on potential and gap of wheat yield in Iran with using WOFOST model. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 15(2): 244-256. (In Persian).
Nekahi, M.Z., A. Soltani, A. Siahmarguee, and N. Bagherani. 2014. Yield gap associated with crop management in wheat (Bandar Gaz). Electronic Journal of Crop Production.7(2): 135-156.(In Persian).
Noori, A., A. Ashraf Mehrabi, and H. Safari. 2017. Study of correlation and path coefficient analysis of agronomic traits and grain yield for Aegilops cylindrica accessions under non-stress and drought stress conditions in Ilam. Journal of Crop Breeding. 9(23): 76-84. (In Persian).
Rahemi Karizaki, A., S. Galeshi, and A. Soltani. 2013. Evaluation of wheat yield and related traits variation in temperate semi-humid conditions. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 6(2): 17-33. (In Persian).
Rahnama, M., A. Bakhshandeh, and G. Noor Mohammadi. 2000. Effect of tiller manipulation at different plantting densities on grain vield and its components of Atrak cultivar in south khuzistan. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 2(3): 12-24. (In Persian).
Shirinzadeh, A., H. Heidari Sharifabad, G. Nour Mohammadi, E. Majidi, and H. Madani. 2018. Yield gap associated with crop management in wheat (CASE Study: Ardabil Province- Parsabad Moghan). Egyptian Journal of Agronomy. 40(3) : 223-236.
Smil, V. 2005. Do we need higher farm yields during the first half of the 21st century, Yields of Farmed Species: Constraints and Opportunities in the 21st Century, 1-14.
Soltani, A. 2007. Application of SAS in statistical analysis, Jahad-e-Daneshgai of Mashhad Press, 182pp. (In Persian).
Torabi, B., A. Soltani, S. Galeshi, E. Zeinali, and M. Kazemi Korgehei. 2013. Ranking factors causing the wheat yield gap in Gorgan. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 6: 171-189. (In Persian).
Torabi, B., A. Soltani, S. Galeshi, E. Zeinali, and M. Kazemi Korgehei. 2011. Analyzing wheat yield constraints in Gorgan. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 4(4): 1-17.(In Persian).