اثر تغییر اقلیم بر تبخیر و تعرق، شاخص سطح برگ و شاخص‌های رشدی نخود(Cicer arietinum L) در شرایط محیطی گنبد
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
علی راحمی کاریزکی
1
(استادیار دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران)
نبی خلیلی اقدم
2
(دانشیار گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
کورش ثنائی
3
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد کشاورزی اکولوژیک، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/05/17
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/07/24
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/07/01
کلید واژه:
امنیت غذایی,
سرعت پرشدن دانه,
نیتروژن دانه,
شاخص برداشت نیتروژن,
چکیده مقاله :
از مهم‌ترین مسایلی که طی دهه‌های اخیر در بخش کشاورزی نمود یافته و تولید محصولات زراعی را با محدودیت مواجه ساخته است، تغییرات اقلیم می‌باشد. در این مطالعه برای شبیه سازی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر تبخیر و تعرق، شاخص سطح برگ و شاخص‌های رشدی دانه نخود در شهرستان گنبد از مدل SSM-iLegum-Chickpea در بازه زمانی 1395-1371 استفاده شد. سناریوهای مورد بررسی شامل افزایش درجه حرارت به میزان دو، چهار و 6 درجه، افزایش غلظت CO2 به میزان دو برابر و کاهش بارندگی به میزان دو درصد و ترکیبی از حالات فوق که در کل 9 سناریو بودند. جهت سناریوهای افزایش دما، میزان تغییرات به درجه حرارت حداکثر و حداقل روزانه افزوده شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که در شرایط دیم و آبی اثر سناریوهای تاریخ کاشت و تغییر اقلیم بر روی تمام صفات اعم از طول دوره پرشدن دانه، سرعت پرشدن دانه، تبخیر و تعرق، شاخص سطح برگ و نیتروژن کل دانه به استثنای شاخص برداشت نیتروژن در شرایط دیم، در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار است. اما اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و تغییر اقلیم تنها بر روی صفات تبخیر و تعرق و شاخص سطح برگ در سطح احتمال یک درصد و شاخص برداشت نیتروژن در شرایط آبی در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنی‌دار شد. اثر مستقیم دو برابر شدن CO2 نیز باعث افزایش 2/6 درصدی شاخص برداشت نیتروژن شد. همچنین، بهترین تاریخ کشت برای نخود در شرایط آب و هوایی شهر گنبد، ابتدای آذرماه به دست آمد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Climate changs is one of the most important issues that has been observed in agriculture in recent decades and has limited production of crops. SSM-iLegum-Chickpea model was used to simulate the effect of climate change on evapotranspiration and leaf area index and growth indices of chickpea seed in Gonbad. First, meteorological data from the Dome Synoptic Meteorological Station from 1993 to 2017.The scenarios include increasing the temperature by two, four and six degrees, increasing the Co2 concentration by two times, and reducing rainfall by two percent, and a combination of the above scenarios, which total 9 scenarios. For the high temperature scenarios, the maximum and minimum daily temperature changes were added. Results of analysis of variance showed that in dry and irrigated conditions the effect of sowing date and climate change scenarios on all traits such as grain filling period, grain filling speed, evapotranspiration, leaf area index and total grain nitrogen except Harvest index nitrogen (NHI) was significant at 1% level in dryland conditions. But the interaction effect of planting date and climate change was only significant on evapotranspiration and leaf area index at 1% and NHI at 5% level. Duplication of concentrations of CO2 caused increasing about 6.2 in harvest index of nitrogen. Also, the best planting date for Gonbad city is the beginning of December in the simulation conducted for Gonbad.
منابع و مأخذ:
Ahlawat, I., M. Ali, and B. Shivkumar. 2003. Cropping systems research in chickpea. Chickpea research in India (Eds M. Ali, S. Kumar and N.B. Singh). Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India. 113-119.
Akram ghaderi, F., and A. Soltani. 2008. Determination of optimal plant traits for chickpea under irrigated conditions of Gorgan and Gonbad using simulation. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 14(5): 200-210. (In Persian).
2001. SAS Institute Inc., SAS user’ guide: Statics, Version 9, 1 editions, SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, N.C.
Asseng, S., P.D. Jamieson, B. Kimball, P. Pinter, K. Sayre, J.W. Bowden, and S.M. Howden. 2004. Simulated wheat growth affected by rising temperature, increased water deficit and elevated atmospheric CO2. Field Crop Research. 85: 85-102.
Bakhshandeh, S., A. Soltani, E. Zeinali, and R. Gadiryan. 2013. Study of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, remobilization and harvest index in bread and durum wheat cultivars. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 6(1): 39-59. (In Persian).
Bannayan, M., S. Lotfabadi, S. Sanjani, A. Mohammadian, and M. Agaalikhani. 2011. Effects of precipitation andtemperature on cereal yield variability in northeast of Iran. International Journal of Biometeorology. 55: 387-401.
Crimp, S., M. Howden, B. Power, E. Wang, and P. De Voil. 2008. Global climate change impacts on Australia’s wheat crops. Report for the Garnaut Climate Change Review Secretariat, 20p.
Deihimfard, R., H. Eyni Nargeseh, and Sh. Farshadi. 2017. Modeling the effects of climate change on irrigation requirement and water use efficiency of wheat fields of Khuzestan province. Journal of Water and Soil. 31(4): 1015-1030. (In Persian).
Fageria, N.K. 2014. Nitrogen harvest index and its association with crop yields. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 37(6): 795-810.
Fuhrer, J. 2003. Agro ecosystem responses to combination of evaluated CO2, ozone and global climate change. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. 97: 1-20.
Gholipoor, M., and A. Soltani. 2009. Future climate impacts on chickpea in Iran and ICARDA. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences. 3: 16-28.
Hajarpour, A., A. Soltani, E. Zeinali, and F. Seyyedi. 2013. Simulating the impact of climate change on production of chickpea in rainfed and irrigated condition of Kermanshah. Journal of Plant Production. 20(2): 235-252. (In Persian).
Hatfield, J.L., L. Wright-Morton, and B. Hall. 2018. Vulnerability of grain crops and croplands in the Midwest to climatic variability and adaptation strategies. Climate Change. 146: 263–275.
Jones, P.G., and P.K. Thornton. 2003. The potential impacts of climate change on maize production in Africa and Latin America in 2055. Global Environmental Change. 13: 51- 59.
Khaliliaqdam, N. 2008. Simulation of some optimal traits related to rain-fed wheat yield at urmia conditions. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 12(3):377-392.
Khaliliaqdam, N., T. Mir-Mahmoodi, and S. Mirab Yeganeh. 2016. Simulation of climate change effect on wheat production in rainfed conditions of Uremia. Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science. 26(3): 201-214. (In Persian).
Koocheki, A., and M. Hosseini. 2006. Climate change and global crop productivity. Ferdoesi University Press, Mashhad, 1th Ed, 556 p.
Koocheki, A., and M. Khajeh Hosseini. 2008. Modern agronomy. 2th Ed. Jihad-e-Daneshgahi press, Mashhad, 712 p. (In Persian).
Kumar, J., and S. Abbo. 2001. Genetics of flowering time in chickpea and its bearing on productivity in semiarid environments. Advances in Agronomy. 72: 107–138.
Meghdadi, N., A. Soltani, B. Kamkar, and A. Hajarpour. 2015. Simulating the impact of climate change on production of chickpea in Zanjan province. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 7(4):1-22. (In Persian).
Mousavi, S.K., and P. Pezeshkpoor. 2006. Evaluation of Kaboli chickpea cultivars by sowing date on yield and its components of chickpea cultivars dryland condition. Journal of Iranian Agronomic Researches. 2: 111-128. (In Persian).
Parhizkari, A., A. Mahmoodi, and M. Shokat Fadaee. 2017. Economic analysis of the effects of climate change on available water resources and agricultural products in the Watersheds of Shahrood. Agricultural Economics Research. 9(1): 23-50. (In Persian).
Parthasarathy, P., P.S. Birthal, S. Bhagvatula, and M.C.S. Bantilan. 2010. Chickpea and pigeonpea economies in Asia: Facts, trends and outlook. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 76.
Qorani, Y., R. Deihimfard, O. Nouri, and S.R. Amiri. 2019. Growth analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under climate change conditions using a mechanistic model in Fars province of Iran. Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science. 29(1): 33-50. (In Persian).
Reilly, J. 2002. What does climate change mean for agriculture in developing countries? A comment on Mendelsohn and Dinar. World Bank Obsever, 14: 295-30.
Singh, A.K., R. Tripathy, and U.K. Chopra. 2008. Evaluation of CERES-Wheat and CropSyst models for water–nitrogen interactions in wheat crop. Agricultural Water Management. 95: 776-786.
Soleymani Nanadegani, M., M. Parsinejad, Sh. Araghinejad, and A. Massah Bavani. 2011. Study on climate change effect on net irrigation requirement and yield for rainfed wheat. Journal of Water and Soil. 25: 2. 389-397. (In Persin).
Soleymani Nejad, S., A. Dourandish, M. Sabouhi Sabouni, M. Banayan Aval. 2019. The effects of climate change on cropping pattern (Case Study: Mashhad Plain). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research. 50(2): 249-263. (In Persian).
Soltani, A. 2007. Application of SAS software in statistical analysis. Mashhad University Press Publications. 182 pages. (In Persian).
Soltani A., F.R. Khooie, K. Ghassemi-Golezani, and M. Moghaddam. 2000. A simulation study of chickpea crop response to limited irrigation in a semiarid environment. Agricultural Water Management. 49:225-237.
Soltani, A., and T.R. Sinclair. 2012 a. Modeling physiology of crop development, growth and yield. CABI Press. 340 p.
Soltani, A., and T.R. Sinclair. 2012 b. Optimizing chickpea phenology to available water under current and future climates. European Journal of Agronomy. 38: 22–31.
White, J.W., G. Hoogenboom, B.A. Kimball, and G.W. Wall. 2011. Methodologies for simulating impacts of climate change on crop production. Field Crops Research. 124: 357-368.
Yaghoobzadeh, M., M. Ahmadi, H. Seyyed Kaboli, Gh.R. Zamani, and M. Amirabadizadeh. 2017. The evaluation of effect of climate change on agricultural drought using ETDI and SPI indexes. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation. 24(4): 43-61. (In Persian).
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Ahlawat, I., M. Ali, and B. Shivkumar. 2003. Cropping systems research in chickpea. Chickpea research in India (Eds M. Ali, S. Kumar and N.B. Singh). Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India. 113-119.
Akram ghaderi, F., and A. Soltani. 2008. Determination of optimal plant traits for chickpea under irrigated conditions of Gorgan and Gonbad using simulation. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 14(5): 200-210. (In Persian).
2001. SAS Institute Inc., SAS user’ guide: Statics, Version 9, 1 editions, SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, N.C.
Asseng, S., P.D. Jamieson, B. Kimball, P. Pinter, K. Sayre, J.W. Bowden, and S.M. Howden. 2004. Simulated wheat growth affected by rising temperature, increased water deficit and elevated atmospheric CO2. Field Crop Research. 85: 85-102.
Bakhshandeh, S., A. Soltani, E. Zeinali, and R. Gadiryan. 2013. Study of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, remobilization and harvest index in bread and durum wheat cultivars. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 6(1): 39-59. (In Persian).
Bannayan, M., S. Lotfabadi, S. Sanjani, A. Mohammadian, and M. Agaalikhani. 2011. Effects of precipitation andtemperature on cereal yield variability in northeast of Iran. International Journal of Biometeorology. 55: 387-401.
Crimp, S., M. Howden, B. Power, E. Wang, and P. De Voil. 2008. Global climate change impacts on Australia’s wheat crops. Report for the Garnaut Climate Change Review Secretariat, 20p.
Deihimfard, R., H. Eyni Nargeseh, and Sh. Farshadi. 2017. Modeling the effects of climate change on irrigation requirement and water use efficiency of wheat fields of Khuzestan province. Journal of Water and Soil. 31(4): 1015-1030. (In Persian).
Fageria, N.K. 2014. Nitrogen harvest index and its association with crop yields. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 37(6): 795-810.
Fuhrer, J. 2003. Agro ecosystem responses to combination of evaluated CO2, ozone and global climate change. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. 97: 1-20.
Gholipoor, M., and A. Soltani. 2009. Future climate impacts on chickpea in Iran and ICARDA. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences. 3: 16-28.
Hajarpour, A., A. Soltani, E. Zeinali, and F. Seyyedi. 2013. Simulating the impact of climate change on production of chickpea in rainfed and irrigated condition of Kermanshah. Journal of Plant Production. 20(2): 235-252. (In Persian).
Hatfield, J.L., L. Wright-Morton, and B. Hall. 2018. Vulnerability of grain crops and croplands in the Midwest to climatic variability and adaptation strategies. Climate Change. 146: 263–275.
Jones, P.G., and P.K. Thornton. 2003. The potential impacts of climate change on maize production in Africa and Latin America in 2055. Global Environmental Change. 13: 51- 59.
Khaliliaqdam, N. 2008. Simulation of some optimal traits related to rain-fed wheat yield at urmia conditions. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 12(3):377-392.
Khaliliaqdam, N., T. Mir-Mahmoodi, and S. Mirab Yeganeh. 2016. Simulation of climate change effect on wheat production in rainfed conditions of Uremia. Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science. 26(3): 201-214. (In Persian).
Koocheki, A., and M. Hosseini. 2006. Climate change and global crop productivity. Ferdoesi University Press, Mashhad, 1th Ed, 556 p.
Koocheki, A., and M. Khajeh Hosseini. 2008. Modern agronomy. 2th Ed. Jihad-e-Daneshgahi press, Mashhad, 712 p. (In Persian).
Kumar, J., and S. Abbo. 2001. Genetics of flowering time in chickpea and its bearing on productivity in semiarid environments. Advances in Agronomy. 72: 107–138.
Meghdadi, N., A. Soltani, B. Kamkar, and A. Hajarpour. 2015. Simulating the impact of climate change on production of chickpea in Zanjan province. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 7(4):1-22. (In Persian).
Mousavi, S.K., and P. Pezeshkpoor. 2006. Evaluation of Kaboli chickpea cultivars by sowing date on yield and its components of chickpea cultivars dryland condition. Journal of Iranian Agronomic Researches. 2: 111-128. (In Persian).
Parhizkari, A., A. Mahmoodi, and M. Shokat Fadaee. 2017. Economic analysis of the effects of climate change on available water resources and agricultural products in the Watersheds of Shahrood. Agricultural Economics Research. 9(1): 23-50. (In Persian).
Parthasarathy, P., P.S. Birthal, S. Bhagvatula, and M.C.S. Bantilan. 2010. Chickpea and pigeonpea economies in Asia: Facts, trends and outlook. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 76.
Qorani, Y., R. Deihimfard, O. Nouri, and S.R. Amiri. 2019. Growth analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under climate change conditions using a mechanistic model in Fars province of Iran. Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science. 29(1): 33-50. (In Persian).
Reilly, J. 2002. What does climate change mean for agriculture in developing countries? A comment on Mendelsohn and Dinar. World Bank Obsever, 14: 295-30.
Singh, A.K., R. Tripathy, and U.K. Chopra. 2008. Evaluation of CERES-Wheat and CropSyst models for water–nitrogen interactions in wheat crop. Agricultural Water Management. 95: 776-786.
Soleymani Nanadegani, M., M. Parsinejad, Sh. Araghinejad, and A. Massah Bavani. 2011. Study on climate change effect on net irrigation requirement and yield for rainfed wheat. Journal of Water and Soil. 25: 2. 389-397. (In Persin).
Soleymani Nejad, S., A. Dourandish, M. Sabouhi Sabouni, M. Banayan Aval. 2019. The effects of climate change on cropping pattern (Case Study: Mashhad Plain). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research. 50(2): 249-263. (In Persian).
Soltani, A. 2007. Application of SAS software in statistical analysis. Mashhad University Press Publications. 182 pages. (In Persian).
Soltani A., F.R. Khooie, K. Ghassemi-Golezani, and M. Moghaddam. 2000. A simulation study of chickpea crop response to limited irrigation in a semiarid environment. Agricultural Water Management. 49:225-237.
Soltani, A., and T.R. Sinclair. 2012 a. Modeling physiology of crop development, growth and yield. CABI Press. 340 p.
Soltani, A., and T.R. Sinclair. 2012 b. Optimizing chickpea phenology to available water under current and future climates. European Journal of Agronomy. 38: 22–31.
White, J.W., G. Hoogenboom, B.A. Kimball, and G.W. Wall. 2011. Methodologies for simulating impacts of climate change on crop production. Field Crops Research. 124: 357-368.
Yaghoobzadeh, M., M. Ahmadi, H. Seyyed Kaboli, Gh.R. Zamani, and M. Amirabadizadeh. 2017. The evaluation of effect of climate change on agricultural drought using ETDI and SPI indexes. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation. 24(4): 43-61. (In Persian).
