واکنش دو رقم کلزا (.Brassica napus L) از نظر شاخص های رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد به نحوه مصرف کود نیتروژن در دشت گنبد کاووس
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
سیدفاضل فاضلی کاخکی
1
,
مرتضی گلدانی
2
,
فرهاد سلیمانی‌فرد
3
,
ناصر بیک زاده
4
1 - استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه زراعت واصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3 - کارشناس ارشد زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
4 - استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/11/25
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/02/26
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/01
کلید واژه:
سطح برگ,
تعداد خورجین در بوته,
مرحله نمونه‌برداری,
وزن خشک شاخه جانبی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی واکنش کلزا به نحوه استفاده از کود نیتروژن، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-94 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول دو رقم کلزا (Hayola 401 و RGS003) و فاکتور دوم چهار نحوه اعمال تیمار کود نیتروژن به صورت سرک (F1: سه مرحله کوددهی به صورت پای‌بوته، F2: سه مرحله محلول‌پاشی، F3: چهار مرحله کوددهی پای‌بوته و F4: چهار مرحله محلول‌پاشی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته در نمونه‌برداری دوم و سوم با اعمال تیمار F3 و با 144/8 و 161 سانتی‌متر به دست آمد. وزن خشک و سطح برگ در تمام مراحل نمونه‌برداری بیشترین مقدار از اعمال تیمار F3 حاصل شد. همین روند در مورد وزن خشک شاخه‌های جانبی نیز مشاهده شد، به طوری که در مرحله سوم نمونه برداری بیشترین وزن خشک شاخه‌های‌جانبی با مقدار 59/4 گرم در بوته از اعمال تیمار F3 به دست امد. بیشترین عملکرد زیست توده و دانه از اعمال تیمار F3 به ترتیب با مقدار 1029 و 332 گرم در مترمربع به دست آمد. اعمال تیمار F3 در رقم هایولا 401 بیشترین تعداد خورجین (145 خورجین در بوته)، زیست توده (1105 گرم در مترمربع)، عملکرد روغن (121 گرم در متر مربع) و عملکرد دانه با مقدار 358 گرم در متر مربع را داشت. به طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد کلیه شاخص های مورفولوژیکی و عملکردی بوته از تاثیر چهارمرحله کوددهی پایه بوته حاصل شد که رقم هایولا 401 واکنش مثبت بیشتری به این نحو کوددهی را نشان داد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
In order to investigate the response of rapeseed to the application method of nitrogen fertilizer, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2015-2016 crop season. The first factor was two canola cultivars (Hayola 401 and RGS003) and the second factor was four application method of nitrogen fertilizer treatment as F1: three stages fertilization in soil used, F2: three stages foliar spraying application, F3: four stages of fertilization in soil used and F4: four stages of fertilization as foliar spraying. The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained by applying F3 treatment with 144.8 and 161 cm per plant in the second and third sampling, respectively. The highest leaf dry weight and leaf area was obtain by application F3 treatment in all sampling stages. The same trend was observed for the dry weight of lateral branches, so that in the third stage of sampling, the highest dry weight of lateral branches with 59.4 g.plant-1 was obtained by consuming of F3 treatment. The highest biomass and grain yield were obtained from F3 treatment with 1029 g.m-2 and 332 g.m-2 respectively. The highest number of pod (145 pod per plant), biomass (1105 g.m-2), oil yield (121 g.m-2) and seed yield (358 g.m-2) was obtain from application F3 in Hayola 401 cultivar. In general, the results showed that all morphological and yield indices of the plant were obtained from application of nitrogen fertilizer in four stages at the soil used that Hayola 401 cultivar showed more positive response to this used method of fertilization.
منابع و مأخذ:
Abou El-Nour, E.A. 2002. Can supplemented potassium foliar feeding reduce the recommended soil potassium? Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 5:259-262.
Abrahimi, M., Gh.A.Akbari, G.A. Akbari, and B. Samadi Firozabadi. 2011. Effect of sowing date on seed yield and its components of canola cultivars in Varamin region in Iran. Seed and Plant Journal. 1-28: 69-80 (In Persian).
Aminpanah, H. 2013. Effect of nitrogen rate on seed yield, protein and oil content of two canola (Brassica napus) cultivars. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 101(2): 183 – 190.
Doori, S., M.R. MoradiTaravat, S.A. Siadat, and A. Bakhshandeh. 2014. Effect of delayed planting and foliar application of nitrogen on canola seed and oil yield in Ahvaz conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 17(2):128 -138. (In Persian).
Ebrahimian, E., A. Bybordi, S.M. Sydi, and R. Mahamadikia. 2014. Effect of nitrogen level and zinc on yield, quality index and elemental absorption in canola (Brassica napus var. Okapi) in salinity condition. Journal of Agroecology. 7(1): 120-126.
Emam, I., and M. Nick Nejad. 2003. Introduction on yield physiology of crop. Publication in Shiraz University. (In Persian).
Fageria, N.K., and V.C. Baligar. 2005. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Agronomy Journal. 88: 97-185.
Faraji, A. 2003. Effect of sowing date and plant density on rapeseed varieties. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 5: 64-73. (In Persian).
Faraji, A., and M.H. Arzanesh. 2012. Response of two canola genotypes to plant growth promoter bacteria (Azospirillum): Seed yield and its components, dry matter and harvest index. Seed and Plant Journal. 2-29: 17-29. (In Persian).
Haghparast Tanha, M.R. 1991. Nutrition and metabolism in plant. Rasht Isalamic Azad University Pubilcation. 527 pages. (In Persiaqn)
Hocking, P.J., and M. Stapper. 1993. Effect of sowing time and nitrogen fertilizer rate on the growth, yield and nitrogen accumulation of canola, mustard and wheat. In: N. Wratten and R.J. Mailer (Eds.) Proceeding of 9thAustralian Research Assembly on Brassicas, Wagga, New South Wales, pp. 33-46.
Koocheki, A.R., A. Rohi, and F. Noorbakhsh. 2015. Effect of biofertilizer on yield and yield component and oil percentage in three autumn canola cultivar (Brassica napus). Journal of Agroecology. 7: 168-178. (In Persian).
Nakhzari Moghadam, A. 2016. Effects of nitrogen and different intercropping arrangements of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) on forage yield and competitive indices. Journal of Agroecology. 8(1). 47-58. (In Persian).
Noor Mohammad Cheema, M.A., M. Ashfaq Wahid, and M. Noor Ahmad Zaman. 2007. Effect of source and method of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield and quality of canola (Brassica napus L). Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Science. 44():74-78.
Osborne, S. 2002. Use of spectral radiance to in season biomass and grain yield in nitrogen. Crop Science. 42:152-161.
Pathak, R.R., A. Ahmad, S. Lochab, and N. Raghuram. 2008. Molecular physiology of plant nitrogen use efficiency and biotechnological options for its enhancement. Current Science. 94: 1394- 1403.
Pierre, C.S., C.J. Peterson, A.S. Ross, J.B. Ohm, M.C.Verhoeven, M. Larson, and B. Hoefer. 2007. Winter wheat genotypes under different levels of nitrogen and water stress: Changes in grain protein composition. Journal of Cereal Sciences. 47(3): 407-416.
Rathke, G.W., W. Christen, and W. Diepenbrock. 2005. Effects of nitrogen source and rate on productivity and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) grown in different crop rotations. Field Crops Research. 94: 103–113.
Ryan, J., M. Pala, S. Masri, M. Singh, and H. Harris. 2007. Rainfed wheat based rotations under Mediterranean conditions: Crop sequences, nitrogen fertilization and stubble grazing in relation to grain andstraw quality. European Agronomy Journal. 28(2): 112-118.
Salahi, M., and A. Farage. 2010. Study of foliar spraying of nitrogen and different level of irrigation on yield of canola var. option in Golestan province. Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water Science). 24(2): 127-135. (In Persian).
Sharief, A.E., S.E. El-Kalla, A.T. El-Kassaby, M.H. Ghonema, and G.M. Abdo. 2006. Effect of bio-chemical fertilization and times of nutrient foliar application growth, yield and yield components of rice. Journal of Agronomy. 5: 212- 219.
Shirani Rad, A.H. 2012. Evaluation of spring rapeseed cultivars response to spring and autumn planting seasons. Annals of Biological Research. 3(5): 2527-2532.
Shirani Rad, A.H., B. Alizadeh, H. Amiri Oghan, H. Jabbari, D. Rudi, A.A. Kayhanian, S. Rahmanpour, F. Nourghlipour, A. Ivani, H. Malek Ahmadi, R. Razavi, and B. Dolatparast. 2020. Recipe for rapeseed production in the country. Publication in Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute. 1-33.
Solimani, F., G. Ahmadvand, and B. Seadatian. 2010. Study of growth and yield component of canola (Brassica napus) indices in competence with wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) under efficacy of different level of nitrogen. Journal of Agroecology. 2(4): 537-547. (In Persian).
Taheri, E., A. Soleymani, and H.R. Javanmard. 2012. The effect of different nitrogen levels on oil yield and harvest index of two spring rapeseed cultivars in Isfahan region. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 4(20): 1496-1498.
Taiz, L., E. Zeiger, I.M. Møller, and A. Murphy. 2015. Plant physiology and development. Sinauer Associates, Incorporated.
Tousi Kehal, P., M. Esfahani, M. Rabiei, and B. Rabiei. 2011. Effect of concentration and timing of application of supplementary nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter remobilization, grain yield and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cv. Hayola 401. Iranian Journal Crop Science. 13(2): 352-367. (In Persian).
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Abou El-Nour, E.A. 2002. Can supplemented potassium foliar feeding reduce the recommended soil potassium? Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 5:259-262.
Abrahimi, M., Gh.A.Akbari, G.A. Akbari, and B. Samadi Firozabadi. 2011. Effect of sowing date on seed yield and its components of canola cultivars in Varamin region in Iran. Seed and Plant Journal. 1-28: 69-80 (In Persian).
Aminpanah, H. 2013. Effect of nitrogen rate on seed yield, protein and oil content of two canola (Brassica napus) cultivars. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 101(2): 183 – 190.
Doori, S., M.R. MoradiTaravat, S.A. Siadat, and A. Bakhshandeh. 2014. Effect of delayed planting and foliar application of nitrogen on canola seed and oil yield in Ahvaz conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 17(2):128 -138. (In Persian).
Ebrahimian, E., A. Bybordi, S.M. Sydi, and R. Mahamadikia. 2014. Effect of nitrogen level and zinc on yield, quality index and elemental absorption in canola (Brassica napus var. Okapi) in salinity condition. Journal of Agroecology. 7(1): 120-126.
Emam, I., and M. Nick Nejad. 2003. Introduction on yield physiology of crop. Publication in Shiraz University. (In Persian).
Fageria, N.K., and V.C. Baligar. 2005. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Agronomy Journal. 88: 97-185.
Faraji, A. 2003. Effect of sowing date and plant density on rapeseed varieties. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 5: 64-73. (In Persian).
Faraji, A., and M.H. Arzanesh. 2012. Response of two canola genotypes to plant growth promoter bacteria (Azospirillum): Seed yield and its components, dry matter and harvest index. Seed and Plant Journal. 2-29: 17-29. (In Persian).
Haghparast Tanha, M.R. 1991. Nutrition and metabolism in plant. Rasht Isalamic Azad University Pubilcation. 527 pages. (In Persiaqn)
Hocking, P.J., and M. Stapper. 1993. Effect of sowing time and nitrogen fertilizer rate on the growth, yield and nitrogen accumulation of canola, mustard and wheat. In: N. Wratten and R.J. Mailer (Eds.) Proceeding of 9thAustralian Research Assembly on Brassicas, Wagga, New South Wales, pp. 33-46.
Koocheki, A.R., A. Rohi, and F. Noorbakhsh. 2015. Effect of biofertilizer on yield and yield component and oil percentage in three autumn canola cultivar (Brassica napus). Journal of Agroecology. 7: 168-178. (In Persian).
Nakhzari Moghadam, A. 2016. Effects of nitrogen and different intercropping arrangements of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) on forage yield and competitive indices. Journal of Agroecology. 8(1). 47-58. (In Persian).
Noor Mohammad Cheema, M.A., M. Ashfaq Wahid, and M. Noor Ahmad Zaman. 2007. Effect of source and method of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield and quality of canola (Brassica napus L). Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Science. 44():74-78.
Osborne, S. 2002. Use of spectral radiance to in season biomass and grain yield in nitrogen. Crop Science. 42:152-161.
Pathak, R.R., A. Ahmad, S. Lochab, and N. Raghuram. 2008. Molecular physiology of plant nitrogen use efficiency and biotechnological options for its enhancement. Current Science. 94: 1394- 1403.
Pierre, C.S., C.J. Peterson, A.S. Ross, J.B. Ohm, M.C.Verhoeven, M. Larson, and B. Hoefer. 2007. Winter wheat genotypes under different levels of nitrogen and water stress: Changes in grain protein composition. Journal of Cereal Sciences. 47(3): 407-416.
Rathke, G.W., W. Christen, and W. Diepenbrock. 2005. Effects of nitrogen source and rate on productivity and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) grown in different crop rotations. Field Crops Research. 94: 103–113.
Ryan, J., M. Pala, S. Masri, M. Singh, and H. Harris. 2007. Rainfed wheat based rotations under Mediterranean conditions: Crop sequences, nitrogen fertilization and stubble grazing in relation to grain andstraw quality. European Agronomy Journal. 28(2): 112-118.
Salahi, M., and A. Farage. 2010. Study of foliar spraying of nitrogen and different level of irrigation on yield of canola var. option in Golestan province. Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water Science). 24(2): 127-135. (In Persian).
Sharief, A.E., S.E. El-Kalla, A.T. El-Kassaby, M.H. Ghonema, and G.M. Abdo. 2006. Effect of bio-chemical fertilization and times of nutrient foliar application growth, yield and yield components of rice. Journal of Agronomy. 5: 212- 219.
Shirani Rad, A.H. 2012. Evaluation of spring rapeseed cultivars response to spring and autumn planting seasons. Annals of Biological Research. 3(5): 2527-2532.
Shirani Rad, A.H., B. Alizadeh, H. Amiri Oghan, H. Jabbari, D. Rudi, A.A. Kayhanian, S. Rahmanpour, F. Nourghlipour, A. Ivani, H. Malek Ahmadi, R. Razavi, and B. Dolatparast. 2020. Recipe for rapeseed production in the country. Publication in Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute. 1-33.
Solimani, F., G. Ahmadvand, and B. Seadatian. 2010. Study of growth and yield component of canola (Brassica napus) indices in competence with wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) under efficacy of different level of nitrogen. Journal of Agroecology. 2(4): 537-547. (In Persian).
Taheri, E., A. Soleymani, and H.R. Javanmard. 2012. The effect of different nitrogen levels on oil yield and harvest index of two spring rapeseed cultivars in Isfahan region. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 4(20): 1496-1498.
Taiz, L., E. Zeiger, I.M. Møller, and A. Murphy. 2015. Plant physiology and development. Sinauer Associates, Incorporated.
Tousi Kehal, P., M. Esfahani, M. Rabiei, and B. Rabiei. 2011. Effect of concentration and timing of application of supplementary nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter remobilization, grain yield and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cv. Hayola 401. Iranian Journal Crop Science. 13(2): 352-367. (In Persian).
