اثر نانو ذرات اکسید روی در بهبود خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و اجزای عملکرد سویا (Glycine max L.) رقم ویلیامز تحت تنش شوری

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

سید فاضل فاضلی کاخکی ¹ , مرتضی گلدانی ²

1 - عضوهیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/10/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/06/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/06/01

کلید واژه: غلاف در بوته, هدایت روزنه ای, شاخص پایداری غشاء, وزن دانه در بوته,

چکیده مقاله :

ارزیابی اثر نانواکسید روی بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و اجزای عملکرد سویا در شرایط شور طی آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1396 بررسی شد. فاکتور اول چهار سطح شوری آب آبیاری (صفر، 4، 5/6 و 9 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و فاکتور دوم سه سطح نانو اکسید روی (ZnO) (صفر، 200 و 400 ppm) بودند. نتایج نشان داد ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ، وزن خشک بوته، در شوری 5/6 و 9 دسی زیمنس بر متر و اعمال غلظت ppm200 نانو اکسید روی نسبت به سطح صفر و ppm 400 آن مقدار بیشتری داشت. بیشترین هدایت روزنه ای (µMH2Om-2S-1 2/11)، محتوای نسبی آب برگ (6/83 درصد) و بیشترین شاخص پایداری غشاء (7/80 درصد) از اعمال تیمار ppm 200 نانو اکسید روی در سطح تنش 4 دسی زیمنس بر متر به دست آمد. استفاده از اسپری برگی ppm 200 نانواکسید روی در تمام سطوح تنش شاخص اسپد بیشتر از سایر سطوح صفر و ppm 400 نانو اکسید روی داشت. حداکثر تعداد دانه در بوته (4/11) و وزن دانه در بوته (24/2 گرم) نیز از محلول پاشی غلظت ppm 200 نانو اکسید روی و در شوری 4 دسی زیمنس بر متر حاصل شد. در تمامی سطوح تنش مقادیر صفات مورد بررسی از سطح صفر نانو اکسید روی به سطح ppm 200 افزایش یافت و با افزایش غلظت نانو اکسید روی به ppm 400 به علت ایجاد اثر سمی صفات مورد آزمایش کاهش یافت. به طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از غلظت ppm 200 نانو اکسید روی به صورت محلول پاشی سبب بهبود رشد سویا در شوری 9 و 6 دسی زیمنس بر متر گردید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To evaluate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) on morphological, physiological and seed yield of soybean and its components under saline conditions, an experiment a factorial experiment base on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran in 2017. The first factor consisted of four levels of salinity (0, 4, 6.5 and 9 dS.m-1), and the second factor of three concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) (0, 200 and 400 ppm). The results showed that foliar spraying 200 ppm nano-ZnO resulted in higher plant height, number of leaves and dry shoot weight than other nano-ZnO levels (zero and 400 ppm) in 6.5 and 9 dS.m-1 salinity. The highest stomatal conductance (11.2 μMH2O.m-2.S-1), relative water content (83.6%) and membrane stability index (80.7%) were obtained from application 200 ppm nano-ZnO at salinity level of 4 dS.m-1. Maximum number of seeds per plant (11.4) and seed weight per plant (2.24 g) were also recorded from 200 ppm nano-ZnO under salinity of 4 dS.m-1. At all levels of salinity stress, when enhancing concentration from zero to 200 ppm the amount of all studied traits were increased and with increased concentration of nano-ZnO from 200 to 400 ppm, all experimental traits were decreased due to toxicity effect induction of nano-ZnO on plant. In general, the results showed that sprying plant with 200 ppm zinc oxide nanoparticles improved soybean growth at 6.5 and 9 dS.m-1salinity stresses.

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