تأثیر پرایمینگ بذر با سالیسلیک اسید و محلول‌پاشی برگی براسینواستروئید بر عملکرد و برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) در شرایط کم‌آبیاری

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

طاهره مجردی ¹ (دانشجوی دکترای زراعت گرایش اگروتکنولوژی، گروه کشاورزی، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بم، ایران)
محمدرضا یاورزاده ² (دانشیار گروه کشاورزی، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بم، ایران)
فاطمه شیرزادی ³ (دکترای زراعت گرایش اگرواکولوژی، عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی کرمانشاه، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/11/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/06/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/06/30

کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, درصد اسانس, رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی, تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد,

چکیده مقاله :

استفاده از تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد یکی از راه‌های کاهش اثرات نامطلوب تنش خشکی است. به منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف تنش کم‌آبیاری، پرایمینگ بذری با سالیسیلیک اسید و محلول‌پاشی برگی براسینواستروئید بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد رازیانه آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1397 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بم واقع در استان کرمان آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت- فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. کرت‌های اصلی شامل سه سطح آبیاری شامل 50 (به عنوان شاهد)، 75 و 100 میلی‌متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر کلاس A بود. فاکتور فرعی شامل پرایمینگ بذر با سالیسیلیک اسید (در دو سطح عدم کاربرد و پرایمینگ بذر با غلظت 1600 میکرو‌مولار) و محلول‌پاشی برگی براسینواستروئید در سه سطح با غلظت‌های صفر ، 8-10 و 7-10مولار در مراحل شش‌برگی و ظهور چتر بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل محتوای نسبی آب برگ، محتوای کلروفیل a، b و کل، محتوای کاروتنوئید، آنتوسیانین، قندهای محلول، درصد اسانس و عملکرد دانه بود. طبق نتایج حاصل کم‌آبیاری سبب کاهش محتوای آب نسبی برگ، محتوای کلروفیل، کاروتنوئید و عملکرد دانه و افزایش آنتوسیانین، قندهای محلول و درصد اسانس شد. پرایمینگ با سالیسیلیک اسید و براسینواستروئید تأثیر مثبتی بر اغلب صفات مورد مطالعه داشت. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل کل (54/1) و عملکرد دانه (1281 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار 50 میلی‌متر و پرایمینگ با سالیسیلیک اسید مشاهده شد. غلظت‌های 7-10 و 8-10 مولار براسینواستروئید به ترتیب سبب افزایش 4/5 و 2/3 درصـدی محتوای آب نسبی برگ شد. پرایمینگ با سالیسیلیک اسید در غلظت‌های صفر، 8-10 و 7-10 مولار براسینواستروئید درصد اسانس را به ترتیب 8، 4/24 و 6/13 درصد افزایش داد. در تیمارهای کم‌آبیاری 50، 75 و 100 میلی‌متر به ترتیب 5/4، 7/6 و 14 درصد افزایش قندهای محلول در اثر پرایمینگ با سالیسیلیک اسید مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج، پرایمینگ سالیسیلیک اسید و محلول‌پاشی براسینواستروئید می تواند تا حدودی اثرات منفی ناشی از کم‌آبیاری را کاهش دهد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Application of plant growth regulators is one way to reduce the adverse effects of drought stress. To study the effect of different levels of deficit irrigation, salicylic acid priming and foliar application of brassinostroid on yield and physiological traits of fennel a split-factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 growing season in the Research Station of Bam Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran. Main factor included of three levels of irrigation (equivalent of 50 mm (Normal), 75 mm and 100 mm of accumulated evapotranspiration of class A pan evaporation. Sub-plots included: different levels of salicylic acid priming (1600 µmolar), no application of salicylic acid and 3 levels of brassinostroid including 0 (control), 10-8 and 10–7 molar. The studied traits included relative water content, chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoid content, anthocyanin, soluble sugars, essential oil percentage and seed yield. Results showed that deficit irrigation decreased relative water content, chlorophyll content, carotenoid and seed yield and increased anthocyanin, soluble sugars and essential oil percent. Priming with salicylic acid and brassinosteroid application showed positive effects on most of the studied traits. The highest total chlorophyll content (1.54) and grain yield (1281 kg.ha-1) were observed in non-stress condition with salicylic acid priming. 10–7 and 10 –8 M brassinosteroids increased relative water content by 5.4% and 3.2%, respectively. Priming with salicylic acid at concentrations of 0, 10-8 and 10–7 M brassinosteroid increased the percentage of essential oil by 8, 24.4 and 13.6%, respectively. Also in drought stress levels 50, 75 and 100 mm, 4.5, 6.7 and 14% increase in soluble sugars were observed, respectively, by salicylic acid priming. According to the results of this study, it seems that salicylic acid priming and brassinostroid reduce some negative effects of drought stress.

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