بررسی راهکارهای صرفه جویی در مصرف آب لوبیا چیتی تحت تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
معصومه محمدپور درشکی
1
,
علی نصراله زاده اصل
2
,
محسن رشدی
3
,
فرزاد جلیلی
4
,
ساسان رضادوست
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران
5 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/07/05
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/02/20
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/01
کلید واژه:
پرولین,
عملکرد دانه,
کلروفیل,
سوپرجاذب,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی روش های کاهش مصرف آب تحت شرایط تنش خشکی در زاعت لوبیا چیتی آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه ای واقع در شهرستان سلماس طی سال 1397 انجام گردید. فاکتور اصلی قطع آبیاری در 3 سطح (آبیاری مطلوب، قطع آبیاری از آخر مرحله گلدهی، قطع آبیاری از آخر مرحله نیام بندی) و فاکتور فرعی روش های کاهش مصرف آب در 5 سطح شامل (شاهد، سوپر جاذب، قارچ میکوریزا، کود نانو پتاسیم و پیش تیمار بذر با پراکسید هیدروژن) در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که تاثیر قطع آبیاری و روش های کاهش مصرف آب روی عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، کارآیی مصرف آب، کلروفیل کل و میزان پرولین معنی دار بود. همچنین، اثر متقابل فاکتورهای قطع آبیاری و روش های کاهش مصرف آب بر عملکرد دانه، کارآیی مصرف آب و میزان پرولین معنی دار گردید. با آنکه بیشترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 2133/24 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به تیمار آزمایشی اثر متقابل آبیاری مطلوب همراه با مصرف پلیمر سوپر جاذب بود ولی مشاهده شد که عملکرد دانه در تیمار آزمایشی آبیاری مطلوب و بدون استفاده از روش های کاهش مصرف آب به میزان 1627/21 کیلوگرم در هکتار با تیمار آزمایشی قطع آبیاری در مرحله نیام بندی همراه با مصرف سوپر جاذب به میزان 1564/3 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش عملکردی حدود 3/87 درصدی را نشان داد که از نظر آماری معنی دار نبود که این نشانگر صرفه جویی در مصرف آب با استفاده از سوپر جاذب می باشد. همچنین در تیمار آزمایشی قطع آبیاری در مرحله نیام بندی با استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا نسبت به تیمار آزمایشی آبیاری مطلوب، عملکرد دانه 12/3 درصد کاهش یافت که آن نشان دهنده تاثیر بیشتر سوپر جاذب در جلوگیری از کاهش عملکرد دانه نسبت به قارچ میکوریزا در شرایط تنش خشکی می باشد. همچنین، کارایی مصرف آب در تیمار آزمایشی آبیاری مطلوب نسبت به تیمار آزمایشی قطع آبیاری در مرحله نیام بندی همراه با مصرف سوپر جاذب حدود 19 درصد کاهش یافت که نشان دهنده افزایش کارآیی مصرف آب در شرایط تنش خشکی با استفاده از مواد سوپرجاذب می باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
In order to evaluate methods of reduce water consumption under the conditions of drought stress in the cultivation of pinto beans, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Salmas city, during of 2018. The main plot irrigation disruption at 3 levels (optimum irrigation, irrigation disruption at the end of flowering stage, irrigation disruption at the end of poding stage) and methods of reduce water consumption as the sub-factor in 5 levels including (control, use of superabsorbent, use of mycorrhiza fungi, use of nano-potassium fertilizer and seed priming with hydrogen peroxide) were considered. The results showed that the effect of irrigation disruption and water consumption reduction methods on yield, yield components, water use efficiency, total chlorophyll and proline content was significant. Also, the interaction of irrigation interruption factors and methods of reducing water consumption on grain yield, water use efficiency and proline was significant. Although the highest grain yield of 2133.24 kg.ha-1 was related to the experimental treatment of optimum irrigation with the use of superabsorbent polymer, but also it was observed that the experimental treatment of optimum irrigation without the use of water reduction methods by 1627.21 kg.ha-1 with experimental treatment of irrigation disruption from the end of poding stage with the use of superabsorbent at the rate of 1564.3 kg.ha-1 showed a yield increase of about 3.87% which was not statistically significant and this indicates a saving in water consumption using super absorbent. Also, in the experimental treatment of irrigation disruption in the poding stage using mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the optimum irrigation treatment, grain yield decreased by 12.3%, which indicates the greater effect of superabsorbent in preventing the reduction of grain yield compared to mycorrhizal fungus in conditions of drought stress. Also, the results showed that the water use efficiency in the experimental treatment of optimum irrigation compared to experimental treatment of irrigation disruption in the poding stage with the use of superabsorbent Decreased about 19%, which indicates an increase in water use efficiency under drought stress using superabsorbent materials.
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Abedi Koupai, J., M. Salehi-Sirzar, S.S. Eslamian, J. Khajeali, and Y. Hosseini. 2014. Effect of water and pests stresses on cowpea yield. Journal of Water and Soil Science. 18 (68): 157-170. (In Persian).
Abhari, A., A. Azizi, and B. Haresabadi. 2017. The effect of super absorbent on yield and yield components of chickpea under season terminal drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Production. 10 (1): 191-202. (In Persian).
Aghchehli, S., A. Rahemi Karizaki, A. Gholamalipoor, and A. Gholizadeh. 2016. The effect of drought stress on some morphological characteristics in cold cereals under greenhouse conditions. 2nd National Congress of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Farhangian University. Gorgan. 1-7. (In Persian).
Allahyari, S., A. Golchin, and A.R. Vaez. 2013. Study on effect of super absorbent polymer application on yield and yield components of two chickpea cultivars under rainfed conditions. Journal of Plant Production. 20 (1): 125-139. (In Persian).
Allen, E.B., and M. Allen. 2016. Water relations of xeric grasses in the field interactions of mycorrhizas and competition. New Phytol. 104: 559-571.
Amanullah, S., A. Iqbal, M. Irfanullah, M. Irfanullah and Z. Hidayat. 2016. Potassium management for improving growth and grain yield of maize (Zea mays) under moisture stress condition. Scientific Reports. 6: 34627.
Amini, S., C. Ghobadi, and A. Yamchi. 2015. Proline accumulation and osmotic stress: an overview of P5CS gene in plants. Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding. 3(2): 44-55.
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplasts polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24(1):1-15.
Ashley, M.K., M. Grant, and A. Grabov. 2006. Plant responses to potassium deficiencies: a role for potassium transport proteins. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2: 425-436.
Babaei, H., O. Sadeghipour, and A.R. Pazoki. 2017. Study the effect of pre-treatment of seed with hydrogen peroxide on physiological and yield attributes traits of mung bean (Vigna radiata) under drought stress conditions. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 9(31): 23-31. (In Persian).
Baghalian, K., Sh. Abdoshah, F. Khalighi-Sigaroodi, and F. Paknejad. 2016. Physiological and phytochemical response to drought stress of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita). Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 49: 201-207.
Bates, L.S., R.P. Waldern, and I.D. Tear. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39: 205-207.
Davoodi, S.H., A. Rahemi-karizaki, A. Nakhzari-moghadam, and E. Gholamalipour alamdari. 2018. The effect of deficit irrigation on yield and physiological traits of bean cultivars. Plant Production Technology. 18(1): 83-95. (In Persian).
Eltayeb, M.A. 2005. Response of barley gains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation. 45: 215-225.
Emadi, N., H.R. Balouchi, and Sh. Jahanbin. 2012. Effect of drought stress and plant density on yield, yield components and some morphological characters of pinto bean (cv.C.O.S16) in Yasouj region. Journal of Crop Production. 5 (2): 1-17. (In Persian).
Farooq, M., S.M. Basra, and A.N. Ahmad. 2006. Improving the performance of transplanted rice by seed priming. Plant Growth Regulation. 51: 129-137.
Flowers, T.J., P.F. Troke, and A.R. Yeo. 2000. The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes Annu. Journal of Plant Physiology. 28: 89-121.
Ghanbari, A.A., and E. Beyzaei. 2007. Study of morphological and phenological traits and correlation analysis in white bean lines. Journal of Agricultural Science. 13: 629-638. (In Persian).
Ghooshchi, F. 2015. Investigation the possibility of decreasing the damage due to irrigation-cut tension on physiological characteristics and corn quality by applying the super absorbent polymer. Crop Physiology Journal. 7 (27): 85-94. (In Persian).
Harvy, J. 2000. Use of hydrogels to reduce leaf loos haster root. Journal of Forest Research. 45: 220- 28.
He, L., Z. Gao, and R. Li. 2009. Pretreatment of seed with H2O2 enhances drought tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. African Journal of Biotechnology. 8(22): 6151-6157.
Hoseinzadeh, H., H.M. Mobser, A. Amiri, and A. Abdzadeh Ghohari. 2012. Bean plant reaction under different amounts of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer. 6th National Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture. Islamic Azad University Isfahan Khorasgan Branch. (In Persian).
Hung, S.H., C.W. Yu, and C.H. Lin. 2005. Hydrogen peroxide functions as a stress signal in plants. Botanical Bulletin- Academia Sinica. 46: 1-10.
Jafarian, T., and M.J. Zarea. 2015. Reduce the negative effect of salinity on wheat via pretreatment seed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 7(23): 64-76. (In Persian).
Jahan, M., N. Kamayestani, and F. Ranjbar. 2013. Assay for applying super absorbent polymer in a low input corn (Zea mays) production system aimed to reduce drought stress under Mashhad conditions. Journal of Agroecology. 5(3): 272-281. (In Persian).
Jalili, S., M. Hadi, and R. Dalir Hasannia. 2017. Effect of water deficit tension and application of stockosorb superabsorbent on some agronomic traits of winter wheat in Tabriz. Journal of Crop Physiology. 8(32): 107-120. (In Persian).
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