تأثیرمحلولپاشی سالیسیلیک اسید در شرایط تنش کمبود آب بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کدوی تخم کاغذی
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
وحیده بیاره
1
(دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران)
فرید شکاری
2
(دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.)
سعید سیف زاده
3
(استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران.)
حمیدرضا ذاکرین
4
(استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران)
اسماعیل حدیدی
5
(استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/11/09
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/11/15
تاریخ انتشار : 1399/06/01
کلید واژه:
تنش خشکی,
زیست توده,
عملکرد دانه,
عملکرد روغن,
محتوای نسبی آب برگ,
چکیده مقاله :
کدوی تخم کاغذی از جمله گیاهان دارویی با ارزش می باشد که دانه آن دارای مقادیر بالایی از روغن است. به منظور بررسی واکنش کدو تخم کاغذی به تنش کمبود آب و کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای طی دو سال متوالی (بهار و تابستان سال های 1394 و 1395) به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. بوته های در مرحله 5 تا 6 برگی با غلظت‌های صفر، 0/5، 1 و 1/5 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید محلول پاشی شدند و 15 روز پس از محلول‌پاشی، تحت تنش‌های رطوبتی 0/3-، 1/2- و 1/8- مگا پاسکال خاک قرار گرفتند. افزایش شدت تنش باعث کاهش محتوای نسبی آب برگ، محتوای کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید، طول بوته، تعداد گره، تعداد ساقه فرعی، عملکرد میوه، قطر میوه، قطر میانبر میوه شد. در مقابل، محلول پاشی با سالیسیلیک اسید موجب افزایش و بهبود معنی دار محتوای نسبی رطوبت برگ، محتوای کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید، طول بوته، تعداد گره، تعداد ساقه فرعی، عملکرد میوه، قطر میوه، عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در میوه و وزن هزار دانه گردید. اثرات بهبوددهندگی سالیسیلیک اسید به ویژه در غلظت 5/1 میلی مولار چشم‌گیرتر بود. صفاتی نظیر محتوای رطوبت نسبی برگ، طول بوته، کلروفیل a، b و کل، تعداد گره در بوته، تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی و قطر میان بر میوه در تیمار 1/2- مگا پاسکال کاهش معنی داری را نسبت به تیمار شاهد نشان ندادند و یا حتی افزایش نیز داشتند. همچنین، تعداد دانه در میوه در تیمار 1/2- نسبت به 0/3- مگا پاسکال افزایش معنی داری را نشان داد. به نظر می رسد کاهش آب در دسترس، الگوی تسهیم اسمیلات ها را در میوه تغییر داده و به طور عمده، به صرف کاهش اندازه مزوکارپ یا دیگر قسمت‌های میوه، به سمت بخش دانه جریان داده است. از بین اجزای عملکرد، تعداد دانه در میوه و پس از آن، تعداد میوه در واحد سطح بیشترین اثر را بر افزایش میزان تولید در واحد سطح داشتند. در مقابل، وزن دانه تغییرات چندانی را در تیمارهای مختلف آبی یا محلول پاشی با سالیسیلیک اسید نداشت. بر اساس داده های حاصل، گیاه کدو تا تنش 1/2- مگا پاسکال کاهش زیادی را در عملکرد دانه نشان نداد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Pumpkin is one of the valuable medicinal plants which have high oil content in its seeds. The response of pumpkin was examined against controlled water deficiency with spraying salicylic acid under field conditions in 2015 and 2016 in split plot experiment based on complete randomized block design. The plants sprayed with 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM concentrations of salicylic acid at 5-6 leaf stages. After 15 days plants exposed to -0.3, -1.2 and -1.8 MPa water deficiency. Increasing water deficiency reduced RWC, chlorophyll and carotenoids content, plant height, number of nodes and branches per plant, fruit yield, fruit diameter, seed yield, number of seed per fruit and weight of 1000 seeds while it and also increased the diameter of mesocarp especially in -1.8 MPa treated plants. On the contrary, spraying with salicylic acid resulted in significant increase in RWC, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, plant height, number of nodes and branches per plant, fruit yield, diameter of fruit, seed yield, number of seed per fruit and weight of 1000 seeds. Haghest salicylic acid effect observed at 1.5 mM concentration. Most of traits under study depicated their significant reduction at -1.8 MPa water deficiency, while other traits like leaf water content, plant height, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, nodes per plant, number of branches and mesocarp diameter were reduced at -1.2 MPa. On the other hand, seed per fruit was increased significantly at -1.2 MPa as compared to -0.3 MPa water deficiency. The main reason for increment of seed number per fruit was due to reduction in mesocarp diameter and its weight. It seems that water deficiency changed the partitioning pattern of assimilates from fruit and shifted them to seeds against mesocarp or other parts of fruit. Among the yield components, seed number per fruit and number of fruit per land area had the most effect on yield formation. The variation in seed weight was not significant. According to results, pumpkin may considered as a tolerant plant to soil suction till -1.2 MPa, without a significant reduction in seed yield.
منابع و مأخذ:
· Abdolahi, M., F. Shekari, J. Saba, and E. Zangani. 2018. Seed priming with salicylic acid enhanced gas exchanges parameters and biological yield of wheat under late sowing date. Agriculture and Forestry. 64: 145-157.
· Abedi, T., and H. Pakniyat. 2010. Antioxidant enzyme changes in response to drought stress in ten cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding. 46: 27–34.
· Arnon, A.N. 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy. 23: 112-121.
· Bernáth, J. 1999. Biological and economical aspects of utilization and exploitation of wild growing medicinal plants in middle and south Europe. In: Proceedings of the second world congress on medicinal and aromatic plants for human welfare WOCMAP-2. Caffini, N., J. Bernáth, L.Craker, L., et al. (eds.). pp: 31-41. Argentina: Mendoza.
· Fageria, N.K., V.C. Baligar, and R. Clark. 2006. Physiology of crop production. Translated to Persian by: Shekari, F., F. Shekari, and E. Esfandiari. University of Margheh Press. (In Persian).
· Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita, and S.M.A. Basra. 2009. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 29: 185-212.
· Hamissou, M., A.C. Smith, R.E. Carter and J.K. Triplett. 2013. Antioxidative properties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo). Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 25: 641-647.
· Harris-Vallea, C., M. Esquedaa, A. Gutiérreza, AE. Castellanosb, A.A. Gardeaa, and R. Berbarac. 2018. Physiological response of Cucurbita pepo var. pepo mycorrhized by Sonoran desert native arbuscular fungi to drought and salinity stresses. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 49: 45–53.
· Hay, R.K.M., and J.R. Porter. 2006. The physiology of crop yield. Wiley-Blackwell Ltd Co.
· Jahan, M., A. Koocheki, M. Nassiri, and F. Dehghanipoor. 2010. The effects of different manure levels and two branch management methods on organic production of Cucurbita pepoL. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research. 5: 281-289. (In Persian).
· Khan, M., P.T. Fatma, N.A. Anjum, and N.A. Khan. 2015. Salicylic acid induced abiotic stress tolerance and underlying mechanisms in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science. 6: 1–17.
· Klessing, D.F., and J. Malamy. 1994. The salicylic acid signal in plants. Plant Molecular Biology. 26: 1439-1458.
· Marcelis, L.F.M., and L.R. Baan Hofman-Eijer. 1997. Effects of seed number on competition and dominance among fruits in Capsicum annuum L. Annals of Botany. 79: 687-693.
· Mohammadi, L., F. Shekari, J. Saba, and E. Zangani. 2017. Effects of priming with salicylic acid on safflower seedlings photosynthesis and related physiological parameters. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding. 7: 1-13.
· Moharekar, S., S. Lokhande., T. Hara, and R. Tanaka. 2003. Effect of salicylic acid on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of wheat and moong seedlings. Photosynthetica. 41(2): 315-317.
· Nazar, R., S. Umar, N.A. Khan, and O. Sareer. 2015. Salicylic acid supplementation improves photosynthesis and growth in mustard through changes in proline accumulation and ethylene formation under drought stress. South African Journal of Botany. 98: 84–94.
· Noborio, K., R. Horton, and C.S. Tan. 1999. Time domain reflectometry probe for simultaneous measurement of soil matric potential and water content. Soil Science. Societies American Journal. 63: 1500–1505.
· Pakmehr, A., F. Shekari, and M. Rastgoo. 2014. Effect of seed priming by salicylic acid on some photosynthetic traits of cowpea under water deficit in flowering stag. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 5: 19-30. (In Persian).
· Pawlowski, M.L., C.R. Bowen, C.B. Hill, and G.L. Hartman. 2016. Responses of soybean genotypes to pathogen infection after the application of elicitors. Crop Protection. 87: 78–84.
· Rabbi Angourani, H., J. PanahandeYangajeh, S.A. Boland Nazar, J. Saba, and F. Zare Nahandi. 2017. The Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on some quantitative and qualitative attributes of medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Styriaca) under drought stress. Advances in Bioresearch. 8: 242-249.
· Ramirez-Estrada, K., H. Vidal-Limon, D. Hidalgo, E. Moyano, M. Golenioswki, R.M. Cusidó, and J. Palazon. 2016. Elicitation, an effective strategy for the biotechnological production of bioactive high-added value compounds in plant cell factories. Molecules. 21: 182-206.
· Raskin, I. 1992. Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology. 43: 439-463.
· Rivas-San Vicente, M., and J. Plasencia. 2011. Salicylic acid beyond defence: Its role in plant growth and development. Journal of Experimental Botany. 62: 3321–3338.
· Robinson, R.W. 1993. Genetic parthenocarpy in Cucurbita pepo L. Report Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative. 16: 55-57.
· Safari, M. 2014. Technology of edible oils and fats. University of Tehran Press. (In Persian).
· Sánchez-martín, J., J. Heald, A. Kingston-smith, A. Winters, D. Rubiales, M Sanz, L.A.J. Mur, and E. Prats. 2014. A metabolomic study in oats (Avena sativa L.) highlights a drought tolerance mechanism based on salicylate signalling pathways and the modulation of carbon. Plant, Cell and Environment. 38: 1434–1452.
· Sarrou, E., P. Chatzopoulou, K. Dimassi-Theriou, I. Therios, and A. Koularmani. 2015. Effect of melatonin, salicylic acid and gibberellic acid on leaf essential oil and other secondary metabolites of bitter orange young seedlings. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 27: 487–496.
· Senaratna T., D. Touchell, E. Bunn, and K. Dixon. 2000. Acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Regulator. 30: 157-161.
· Shekari, F., A. Pakmehr, M. Rastgo, M. Vazaiefi, and M.J. Goreish Nasab. 2010. The effects of seed priming with salicylic acid on some physiological traits of cowpea under water shortage stress at pod filling period. Agricultural Science. 4: 14-29. (In Persian).
· Siddique, Z., S. Jan, S.R. Imadi, A. Gul, and P. Ahmad. 2016. Drought stress and photosynthesis in plants. In: Water Stress and Crop Plants: A Sustainable Approach. Ahmad, P. (ed.).pp:1-11. United States: Hoboken.
· Siyami, A., R. Haydari, and A. Dastpak. 2003. Measurement of oil and fatty acids in seeds of several varieties of Cucurbita L. Research and Development. 59: 16-19.
· Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 2010. Plant physiology. 5th ed. Sinauer Associates Inc., Publishers. Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.A.
· War, A.R., M.G. Paulraj, M.Y. War, and S. Ignacimuthu. 2011. Role of salicylic acid in induction of plant defense system in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant Signaling and Behavior. 6: 1787–1792.
· Wien, H.C. 2006. The physiology of vegetables. Translated to Persian by: Shekari, F., S. Massiha, and B. Esmailpoor. Zanjan University Press. (In Persian).
Zeynali, M., B. Maleki Zanjani, P. Moradi, and F. Shekari. 2019. Effects of field capacity based-irrigation levels on physiological and agronomic characteristics of medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). Applied Research in Field Crops. 31: 1-20. (In Persian).
_||_
· Abdolahi, M., F. Shekari, J. Saba, and E. Zangani. 2018. Seed priming with salicylic acid enhanced gas exchanges parameters and biological yield of wheat under late sowing date. Agriculture and Forestry. 64: 145-157.
· Abedi, T., and H. Pakniyat. 2010. Antioxidant enzyme changes in response to drought stress in ten cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding. 46: 27–34.
· Arnon, A.N. 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy. 23: 112-121.
· Bernáth, J. 1999. Biological and economical aspects of utilization and exploitation of wild growing medicinal plants in middle and south Europe. In: Proceedings of the second world congress on medicinal and aromatic plants for human welfare WOCMAP-2. Caffini, N., J. Bernáth, L.Craker, L., et al. (eds.). pp: 31-41. Argentina: Mendoza.
· Fageria, N.K., V.C. Baligar, and R. Clark. 2006. Physiology of crop production. Translated to Persian by: Shekari, F., F. Shekari, and E. Esfandiari. University of Margheh Press. (In Persian).
· Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita, and S.M.A. Basra. 2009. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 29: 185-212.
· Hamissou, M., A.C. Smith, R.E. Carter and J.K. Triplett. 2013. Antioxidative properties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo). Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 25: 641-647.
· Harris-Vallea, C., M. Esquedaa, A. Gutiérreza, AE. Castellanosb, A.A. Gardeaa, and R. Berbarac. 2018. Physiological response of Cucurbita pepo var. pepo mycorrhized by Sonoran desert native arbuscular fungi to drought and salinity stresses. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 49: 45–53.
· Hay, R.K.M., and J.R. Porter. 2006. The physiology of crop yield. Wiley-Blackwell Ltd Co.
· Jahan, M., A. Koocheki, M. Nassiri, and F. Dehghanipoor. 2010. The effects of different manure levels and two branch management methods on organic production of Cucurbita pepoL. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research. 5: 281-289. (In Persian).
· Khan, M., P.T. Fatma, N.A. Anjum, and N.A. Khan. 2015. Salicylic acid induced abiotic stress tolerance and underlying mechanisms in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science. 6: 1–17.
· Klessing, D.F., and J. Malamy. 1994. The salicylic acid signal in plants. Plant Molecular Biology. 26: 1439-1458.
· Marcelis, L.F.M., and L.R. Baan Hofman-Eijer. 1997. Effects of seed number on competition and dominance among fruits in Capsicum annuum L. Annals of Botany. 79: 687-693.
· Mohammadi, L., F. Shekari, J. Saba, and E. Zangani. 2017. Effects of priming with salicylic acid on safflower seedlings photosynthesis and related physiological parameters. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding. 7: 1-13.
· Moharekar, S., S. Lokhande., T. Hara, and R. Tanaka. 2003. Effect of salicylic acid on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of wheat and moong seedlings. Photosynthetica. 41(2): 315-317.
· Nazar, R., S. Umar, N.A. Khan, and O. Sareer. 2015. Salicylic acid supplementation improves photosynthesis and growth in mustard through changes in proline accumulation and ethylene formation under drought stress. South African Journal of Botany. 98: 84–94.
· Noborio, K., R. Horton, and C.S. Tan. 1999. Time domain reflectometry probe for simultaneous measurement of soil matric potential and water content. Soil Science. Societies American Journal. 63: 1500–1505.
· Pakmehr, A., F. Shekari, and M. Rastgoo. 2014. Effect of seed priming by salicylic acid on some photosynthetic traits of cowpea under water deficit in flowering stag. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 5: 19-30. (In Persian).
· Pawlowski, M.L., C.R. Bowen, C.B. Hill, and G.L. Hartman. 2016. Responses of soybean genotypes to pathogen infection after the application of elicitors. Crop Protection. 87: 78–84.
· Rabbi Angourani, H., J. PanahandeYangajeh, S.A. Boland Nazar, J. Saba, and F. Zare Nahandi. 2017. The Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on some quantitative and qualitative attributes of medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Styriaca) under drought stress. Advances in Bioresearch. 8: 242-249.
· Ramirez-Estrada, K., H. Vidal-Limon, D. Hidalgo, E. Moyano, M. Golenioswki, R.M. Cusidó, and J. Palazon. 2016. Elicitation, an effective strategy for the biotechnological production of bioactive high-added value compounds in plant cell factories. Molecules. 21: 182-206.
· Raskin, I. 1992. Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology. 43: 439-463.
· Rivas-San Vicente, M., and J. Plasencia. 2011. Salicylic acid beyond defence: Its role in plant growth and development. Journal of Experimental Botany. 62: 3321–3338.
· Robinson, R.W. 1993. Genetic parthenocarpy in Cucurbita pepo L. Report Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative. 16: 55-57.
· Safari, M. 2014. Technology of edible oils and fats. University of Tehran Press. (In Persian).
· Sánchez-martín, J., J. Heald, A. Kingston-smith, A. Winters, D. Rubiales, M Sanz, L.A.J. Mur, and E. Prats. 2014. A metabolomic study in oats (Avena sativa L.) highlights a drought tolerance mechanism based on salicylate signalling pathways and the modulation of carbon. Plant, Cell and Environment. 38: 1434–1452.
· Sarrou, E., P. Chatzopoulou, K. Dimassi-Theriou, I. Therios, and A. Koularmani. 2015. Effect of melatonin, salicylic acid and gibberellic acid on leaf essential oil and other secondary metabolites of bitter orange young seedlings. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 27: 487–496.
· Senaratna T., D. Touchell, E. Bunn, and K. Dixon. 2000. Acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Regulator. 30: 157-161.
· Shekari, F., A. Pakmehr, M. Rastgo, M. Vazaiefi, and M.J. Goreish Nasab. 2010. The effects of seed priming with salicylic acid on some physiological traits of cowpea under water shortage stress at pod filling period. Agricultural Science. 4: 14-29. (In Persian).
· Siddique, Z., S. Jan, S.R. Imadi, A. Gul, and P. Ahmad. 2016. Drought stress and photosynthesis in plants. In: Water Stress and Crop Plants: A Sustainable Approach. Ahmad, P. (ed.).pp:1-11. United States: Hoboken.
· Siyami, A., R. Haydari, and A. Dastpak. 2003. Measurement of oil and fatty acids in seeds of several varieties of Cucurbita L. Research and Development. 59: 16-19.
· Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 2010. Plant physiology. 5th ed. Sinauer Associates Inc., Publishers. Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.A.
· War, A.R., M.G. Paulraj, M.Y. War, and S. Ignacimuthu. 2011. Role of salicylic acid in induction of plant defense system in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant Signaling and Behavior. 6: 1787–1792.
· Wien, H.C. 2006. The physiology of vegetables. Translated to Persian by: Shekari, F., S. Massiha, and B. Esmailpoor. Zanjan University Press. (In Persian).
Zeynali, M., B. Maleki Zanjani, P. Moradi, and F. Shekari. 2019. Effects of field capacity based-irrigation levels on physiological and agronomic characteristics of medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). Applied Research in Field Crops. 31: 1-20. (In Persian).
