تعیین اثرات زیست محیطی تولید لوبیا با روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات در یاسوج (مقایسه روش آبیاری بارانی با غرقابی)
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
مدینه وهابی پور
1
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد ارزیابی آمایش سرزمین، گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران)
غلامرضا سبزقبائی
2
(استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران)
سولماز دشتی
3
(دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
کلید واژه: کود شیمیایی, الکتریسیته, روش آبیاری, شاخص زیست محیطی, گروه تاثیر,
چکیده مقاله :
در جوامع امروزی صنعتی شدن باعث استفاده ی روز افزون از ماشین آلات کشاورزی و مصرف بی رویه‌ی کود و سموم شیمیایی در کشاورزی شده است. ارزیابی چرخه حیات، یکی از روش های ارزیابی زیست محیطی است که امروزه به عنوان یکی از روش های استاندارد و پرکاربرد در ارزیابی فرآیندهای محیط زیستی، محصولات و خدمات مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از روش ارزیابی چرخه ی حیات برای ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی فرایند تولید لوبیا با دو روش آبیاری بارانی و غرقابی در سال زراعی 96-95 در قالب گروه های تاثیر گرمایش جهانی، اسیدی‌شدن، یوتروفیکاسیون خشکی، تخلیه منابع فسیلی، تخلیه منابع فسفات و تخلیه منابع آب در شهر یاسوج بهره گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص نهایی سه گروه تاثیر ایجاد کننده اثرات زیست محیطی (گرمایش جهانی، اسیدی شدن و یوتروفیکاسیون خشکی) در کشت بارانی بیشتر از کشت غرقابی و شاخص نهایی سه گروه تاثیر تخلیه کننده منابع (تخلیه منابع فسیلی، تخلیه منابع فسفات و تخلیه منابع آب) در کشت غرقابی بیشتر از کشت بارانی بود. در هر دو کشت شاخص نهایی گروه تاثیر تخلیه‌ی منابع فسفات بیشترین مقدار را داشت. شاخص زیست محیطی برای روش آبیاری بارانی 0.634 و روش غرقابی 0.513 محاسبه شد و شاخص تخلیه منابع برای آبیاری بارانی 1.14 و برای آبیاری غرقابی 2.26 محاسبه گردید. حذف عملیات غیرضروری در مراحل کاشت و کاهش مصرف سوخت، آبیاری در ساعات پایانی و ابتدای روز که تبخیر کم است، استفاده از روش‌های بیولوژیک جهت حذف آفت‌ها و توجه به توصیه‌های عمومی مصرف کودهای شیمیایی می‌تواند در کاهش اثرات زیست‌محیطی موثر واقع شود.
Industrialization of todays societies, resulted in increased use of machinery and excessive use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides in agriculture. Life cycle assessment is one of the environmental assessment methods that is used to assess processes, products and services. Life cycle assessment method in this study is used to evaluate the environmental effects of bean production with sprinkler and flood irrigation methods in the crop year of 2016-2017 using the effects of global warming, acidification, land euotrophication, depletion of fossil, phosphate and water resources exploited in Yasuj city. The results showed that the final index of the three groups of environmental impact factors (global warming, acidification and land euotrophication) in rainfed more than flood farming and the indices of the three groups of resource depletion effects (fossil, phosphate and water depletions in both croppimg system. The environmental indices for sprinkler, flooding and flood irrigations were 0.634, 0.513, 1.14 and 2.26 respectively. Elimination of unnecessary operations in the planting process and reduction of fuel consumption, irrigation in the last hours and the beginning of the day when evaporation is low, the use of biological methods to remove pests and attention to general recommendations for chemical fertilizers can be effective in reducing environmental effects.
Abeliotis, K., V. Detsis, and C. Pappia. 2013. Life cycle assessment of bean production in the Prespa National Park, Greece. Journal of Cleaner Production. 41: 89-96.
Anonymus. ISO 14040. Environmental management life cycle assessment principles and framework. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 11(2).
2017. Agricultural Jihad Organization of Boyer-Ahmad. Agriculture Department.
Bojacá, C.R., K.A.G. Wyckhuys, and E. Schrevens. 2014. Life cycle assessment of Colombian greenhouse tomato production based on farmer-level survey data. Journal of Cleaner Production. 69: 26-33.
Brentrup, F., J. Küsters, J. Lammel, and H. Kuhlmann. 2000. Methods to estimate on field nitrogen emissions from crop production as an input to LCA studies in the agricultural sector. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 5(6): 349-357.
Dehghani, H. 2007. Guide to air quality, principles of meteorology and air pollution. Publications of Ghashie. Tehran, Iran, 402 pp. (In Persian).
Fallahpour, F., A. Aminghafouri, A. Ghalegolab Behbahani, and M. Bannayan. 2012. The environmental impact assessment of wheat and barley production by using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 14: 979-992.
Firoozi, S., and A. Nikkhah. 2016. Evaluation of peanut cultivation life cycle in single-vessel and bean mixed systems. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 7(22): 268-279.
Gasol, C.M., X. Gabarrell, A. Anton, M. Rigola, J. Carrasco, M.J. Ciria, and J. Rieradevall. 2007. Life cycle assessment of a Brassica carinata bioenergy cropping system in southern Europe. Biomass and Bioenergy. 31: 543-555.
A. 2000. Iranian geology. Volume 3, Geographical Encyclopedia of Iran, Ch 1, Tehran, Geology, P 2005.
Kafshani, A., M. Yahi, M.H. Entezari, A. Hesanzadeh, L. Mohabat, A. Torabi. 2013. Comparison of nitrate in vegetables irrigated with Zayandehrood water and well water. Journal of Health Research. 2:196-201. (In Persian).
Keyvan Rad, S., H. Madani, H. Heidari Sharifabad, M. Mahmoudi, and Gh. Noor Mohammadi. 2021. Yield and yield components of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) affected by irrigation intervals and planting date. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 3(59): 377-392. (In Persian).
Khajavi, M., N. Khajavi, and N. Shajarian. 2019. Investigation of optimal water consumption in agriculture using intelligent irrigation systems. Third International Conference on Architecture, Civil Engineering, Agriculture and Environment. WWW.ACAECONF.COM.
Khoshnevisan, B., E. Bolandnazar, S. Shamshirband, H. Motamed, N. Badrul, L. Mat, M.L.M. Kiah. 2015. Decreasing environmental impacts of cropping systems using life cycle assessment (LCA) and multi-objective genetic algorithm. Journal of CleanerProduction. 86: 67–77.
Khoshnevisan, B., M.A. Rajaeifar, S. Clark, S. Shamahirband, N.B. Anuar, N.L. Shuib, and A. Gani. 2014. Evaluation of traditional and consolidated rice farms in Guilan province, Iran, using life cycle assessment and fuzzy modeling. Science of the Total Environment. 481: 242–251.
Khoshnevisan, B., S. Rafiee, M. Omid, M. Yousefi, and M. Movahedi. 2013. Modeling of energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran using artificial neural networks. 52: 333-338.
Koocheki, A., S. Khorramdel, and L. Jafari. 2021. Evaluation of environmental consequences for agroecosystems under conventional management in Khorasan province. Journal of Agroecology. 13(2): 211-235. (In Persian).
Mafakheri, S., H. Veisi, O. Noori, and A. Mahdavi Damghani. 2017. Environmental impact assessment of strawberry production in two conventional and organic production systems: (Case Study: Kurdistan province). Journal of Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production. 27(2): 197-208. (In Persian).
Majnoon Hoseini, N. 2009. Grain legume production. Jehad University of Tehran. P. 294. (In Persian).
Moudrý, J., Z. Jelínková, R. Plch, J. Moudrý, P. Konvalina, and R. Hyšpler. 2013. The emissions of greenhouse gases produced during growing and processing of wheat products in the Czech Republic. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment. 11(1): 1133-1136.
Nie, S.W., W.S. Gao, Y. Chen, Q. Sui, and A.E. Eneji. 2010. Use of life cycle assessment methodology for determining phytoremediation potentials of maize-based cropping systems in fields with nitrogen fertilizer over dose. Journal of Cleaner Production. 18: 1530-1534.
Nikkhah, A., M. Khojastehpour, B. Emadi, A. Taheri-Rad, and S. Khorramdel. 2015. Environmental impacts of peanut production system using life cycle assessment methodology. Journal of Cleaner Production. 92: 84-90.
O’Brien, D., L. Shalloo, J. Patton, F. Buckley, C. Grainger, and M. Wallace. 2012. A life cycle assessment of seasonal grass-based and confinement dairy farms. Agricultural Systems. 107: 33-46.
Snyder, C.S., T.W. Bruulsema, T.L. Jensen, and P.E. Fixen. 2009. Review of greenhouse gas emissions from crop production systems and fertilizer management effects. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 133(34): 247-266.
Tzilivakis, J., D.J. Warner, M. May, K.A. Lewis, and K. Jaggard. 2005. An assessment of the energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) production in the UK. Agricultural Systems. 85(2): 101-119.
Vahabipoor, M, and Gh. Sabzghabaei, and S. Dashti. 2021. Determining the environmental environment of bean and lentil production by life cycle assessment method (Case study: Yasuj city). Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production (Agricultural Knowledge). 31(2): 303-316.
van den Berg, F., R. Kubiak, W.G. Benjey, M.S.I. Majewski, S.R. Yates, and G.L. Reeves. 1999. Emission of pesticides into water, air, and soil. Pollution. 441: 431–240.
Wang, M., X. Xia, Q. Zhang, and J. Liu. 2010. Life cycle assessment of a rice production system in Taihu region, China. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. 17: 157-161.
_||_Abeliotis, K., V. Detsis, and C. Pappia. 2013. Life cycle assessment of bean production in the Prespa National Park, Greece. Journal of Cleaner Production. 41: 89-96.
Anonymus. ISO 14040. Environmental management life cycle assessment principles and framework. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 11(2).
2017. Agricultural Jihad Organization of Boyer-Ahmad. Agriculture Department.
Bojacá, C.R., K.A.G. Wyckhuys, and E. Schrevens. 2014. Life cycle assessment of Colombian greenhouse tomato production based on farmer-level survey data. Journal of Cleaner Production. 69: 26-33.
Brentrup, F., J. Küsters, J. Lammel, and H. Kuhlmann. 2000. Methods to estimate on field nitrogen emissions from crop production as an input to LCA studies in the agricultural sector. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 5(6): 349-357.
Dehghani, H. 2007. Guide to air quality, principles of meteorology and air pollution. Publications of Ghashie. Tehran, Iran, 402 pp. (In Persian).
Fallahpour, F., A. Aminghafouri, A. Ghalegolab Behbahani, and M. Bannayan. 2012. The environmental impact assessment of wheat and barley production by using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 14: 979-992.
Firoozi, S., and A. Nikkhah. 2016. Evaluation of peanut cultivation life cycle in single-vessel and bean mixed systems. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 7(22): 268-279.
Gasol, C.M., X. Gabarrell, A. Anton, M. Rigola, J. Carrasco, M.J. Ciria, and J. Rieradevall. 2007. Life cycle assessment of a Brassica carinata bioenergy cropping system in southern Europe. Biomass and Bioenergy. 31: 543-555.
A. 2000. Iranian geology. Volume 3, Geographical Encyclopedia of Iran, Ch 1, Tehran, Geology, P 2005.
Kafshani, A., M. Yahi, M.H. Entezari, A. Hesanzadeh, L. Mohabat, A. Torabi. 2013. Comparison of nitrate in vegetables irrigated with Zayandehrood water and well water. Journal of Health Research. 2:196-201. (In Persian).
Keyvan Rad, S., H. Madani, H. Heidari Sharifabad, M. Mahmoudi, and Gh. Noor Mohammadi. 2021. Yield and yield components of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) affected by irrigation intervals and planting date. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 3(59): 377-392. (In Persian).
Khajavi, M., N. Khajavi, and N. Shajarian. 2019. Investigation of optimal water consumption in agriculture using intelligent irrigation systems. Third International Conference on Architecture, Civil Engineering, Agriculture and Environment. WWW.ACAECONF.COM.
Khoshnevisan, B., E. Bolandnazar, S. Shamshirband, H. Motamed, N. Badrul, L. Mat, M.L.M. Kiah. 2015. Decreasing environmental impacts of cropping systems using life cycle assessment (LCA) and multi-objective genetic algorithm. Journal of CleanerProduction. 86: 67–77.
Khoshnevisan, B., M.A. Rajaeifar, S. Clark, S. Shamahirband, N.B. Anuar, N.L. Shuib, and A. Gani. 2014. Evaluation of traditional and consolidated rice farms in Guilan province, Iran, using life cycle assessment and fuzzy modeling. Science of the Total Environment. 481: 242–251.
Khoshnevisan, B., S. Rafiee, M. Omid, M. Yousefi, and M. Movahedi. 2013. Modeling of energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran using artificial neural networks. 52: 333-338.
Koocheki, A., S. Khorramdel, and L. Jafari. 2021. Evaluation of environmental consequences for agroecosystems under conventional management in Khorasan province. Journal of Agroecology. 13(2): 211-235. (In Persian).
Mafakheri, S., H. Veisi, O. Noori, and A. Mahdavi Damghani. 2017. Environmental impact assessment of strawberry production in two conventional and organic production systems: (Case Study: Kurdistan province). Journal of Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production. 27(2): 197-208. (In Persian).
Majnoon Hoseini, N. 2009. Grain legume production. Jehad University of Tehran. P. 294. (In Persian).
Moudrý, J., Z. Jelínková, R. Plch, J. Moudrý, P. Konvalina, and R. Hyšpler. 2013. The emissions of greenhouse gases produced during growing and processing of wheat products in the Czech Republic. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment. 11(1): 1133-1136.
Nie, S.W., W.S. Gao, Y. Chen, Q. Sui, and A.E. Eneji. 2010. Use of life cycle assessment methodology for determining phytoremediation potentials of maize-based cropping systems in fields with nitrogen fertilizer over dose. Journal of Cleaner Production. 18: 1530-1534.
Nikkhah, A., M. Khojastehpour, B. Emadi, A. Taheri-Rad, and S. Khorramdel. 2015. Environmental impacts of peanut production system using life cycle assessment methodology. Journal of Cleaner Production. 92: 84-90.
O’Brien, D., L. Shalloo, J. Patton, F. Buckley, C. Grainger, and M. Wallace. 2012. A life cycle assessment of seasonal grass-based and confinement dairy farms. Agricultural Systems. 107: 33-46.
Snyder, C.S., T.W. Bruulsema, T.L. Jensen, and P.E. Fixen. 2009. Review of greenhouse gas emissions from crop production systems and fertilizer management effects. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 133(34): 247-266.
Tzilivakis, J., D.J. Warner, M. May, K.A. Lewis, and K. Jaggard. 2005. An assessment of the energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) production in the UK. Agricultural Systems. 85(2): 101-119.
Vahabipoor, M, and Gh. Sabzghabaei, and S. Dashti. 2021. Determining the environmental environment of bean and lentil production by life cycle assessment method (Case study: Yasuj city). Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production (Agricultural Knowledge). 31(2): 303-316.
van den Berg, F., R. Kubiak, W.G. Benjey, M.S.I. Majewski, S.R. Yates, and G.L. Reeves. 1999. Emission of pesticides into water, air, and soil. Pollution. 441: 431–240.
Wang, M., X. Xia, Q. Zhang, and J. Liu. 2010. Life cycle assessment of a rice production system in Taihu region, China. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. 17: 157-161.