تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر خصوصیات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک هیبریدهای ذرت در گروه‌های مختلف رسیدگی در منطقه جیرفت استان کرمان
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیمریم السادات موسوی نسب 1 , عنایت الله توحیدی نژاد 2 , غلامرضا افشارمنش 3 , حسین حیدری شریف آباد 4 , احمد آیین 5
1 - دانشجوی دکترا، گروه علوم زراعی و باغی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران
3 - دانشیار مرکزتحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، جیرفت، ایران
4 - استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
5 - استادیار مرکزتحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، جیرفت، ایران
کلید واژه: ذرت, تاریخ کاشت, حرارت, مورفولوژیک,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر خصوصیات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک هیبریدهای ذرت در گروه مختلف رسیدگی در منطقه جیرفت آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار در شهرستان جیرفت در سال زراعی 97-1396 اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل تاریخ کشت به عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح 27 تیر ماه، 3 مرداد ماه و 10 مرداد ماه و هیبریدهای مختلف به عنوان عامل فرعی در 10 سطح هیبریدهای زودرس، دیررس و متوسط رس (701، 703، 705، 706، 707، 201، 260، 400، 370 و 704 به عنوان شاهد) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بین هیبریدهای مورد مطالعه از نظر خصوصیات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک تفاوت معنی دار وجود داشت. بیشترین تعداد ردیف در بلال در هیبرید 706 و بالاترین تعداد دانه در ردیف در هیبرید 707 حاصل شد. تأخیر در کاشت با افزایش قطر ساقه و عملکرد بیولوژیک و کاهش ارتفاع بوته، طول بلال، تعداد ردیف در بلال، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت،GDD مورد نیاز از کاشت تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک و اسپد همراه بود. با تأخیر در کاشت، درصد پروتئین و تجمع پرولین افزایش پیدا کرد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تاریخ های کشت 27 تیر ماه در هیبرید 260 (18/24 تن در هکتار)، 3 مرداد ماه در هیبرید 201 (17/46 تن در هکتار) و 10 مرداد ماه در هیبریدهای 370 و 201 (17/4و 17/28 تن در هکتار) به دست آمد. به نظر می رسد تاریخ کاشت دیرهنگام به دلیل برخورد با دماهای نامطلوب در هنگام کاکل دهی، گرده افشانی و دانه بندی و همچنین کاهش طول دوره رویشی باعث کاهش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گردید.
In order to investigate the effect of planting date on agronomic and physiolocal characteristics of maize hybrids in different groups in Jiroft region of Kerman province, an experiment as a split plot in the randomized complete block design with three replications in the city of Jiroft in the crop year 2017-2018 was conducted. Experimental factors were included planting date as the main factor at three levels of July 27, August 3 and August 10 and different hybrids as a secondary factor at 10 levels of early, late and medium maturing hybrids (701, 703, 705, 706, 707, 201, 260, 400, 370 and 704 as controls). There was a significant difference between the studied hybrids in terms of agronomic and physiological characteristics. The highest number of rows per ear was obtained in hybrid 706 and the highest number of seeds per row was obtained in hybrid 707. Delaying in planting was associated by of increasing stem diameter and biological yield and decreasing of plant height, ear length, number of rows per ear, seed yield, harvest index, GDD to physiological maturity and spad. By Delaing in planting, seed protein percent and proline accumulation increased. The most seed yield was obtained on July 17 in hybrid 260 (18.24 t.ha-1), August 3 in hybrid 210 (17.46 t.ha-1) and August 10 in hybrids 370 and 201 (17.4 and 17.28 t.ha-1). It seems that the delayed planting date due to exposure to unfavorable temperatures during tillering, pollination and granulation, as well as the reduction of the growing period was decreased yield and yield components.
Abendroth L.J., K.P. Woli, A.J.W. Myers, and R.W. Elmore. 2017. Yield-based corn planting date recommendation windows for Iowa. Crop Forage Turfgrass Managment. 3(1): 1-7. doi: 2134/cftm2017.02.0015
Akter, N., A.K.M.R. Amin, M.N. Haque, and S.M. Masum. 2016. Effect of sowing date and weed control method on the growth and yield of soybean. Poljoprivreda. 22(1): 19-27. doi: 18047/poljo.22.1.3
Alavi Fazel, M., S. Lack, and M. Sheykhi Nasab. 2013. The effect of irrigation-off at some growth stages on remobilization of dry matter and yield of corn hybrids. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 5(20): 2372-2378.
Bates, L.S., R.P. Waldren, and I.D. Teare. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39(1): 205-207. doi: 10.1007/BF00018060
Bianculli, M.L., L.A. Aguirrezábal, G.A.P. Irujo, and M.M. Echarte. 2016. Contribution of incident solar radiation on leaves and pods to soybean seed weight and composition. European Journal of Agronomy. 77: 1-9. doi: 1016/j.eja.2016. 03.002
Dayal, V., A.K. Dubey, S.K. Singh, R.M. Sharma, A. Dahuja, and C. Kaur. 2016. Growth, yield and physiology of mango (Mangifera indica ) cultivars as affected by polyembryonic rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae. 199: 186–197. doi: 10.1016/ j.scienta.2015.12.042
Falahaki, H., A.R. Yadavi, M. Movahedi Dehnavi, and H.R. Balochi. 2011. Oilseed, protein and seed yield of rapeseed cultivars in different planting dates in Yasouj area. Production of Crops. 4(2): 222-207. (In Persian).
Fosu-Mensah, B.Y., D.S. Mac Carthy, P.L.G. Vlek, and E.Y. Safo. 2012. Simulating impact of seasonal climatic variation on the response of maize (Zea mays ) to inorganic fertilizer in sub-humid Ghana. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 94: 255-271. doi: 10.1007/s10705-012-9539-4
Gebrehiwot, T., A. van der Veen, and B. Maathuis. 2011. Spatial and temporal assessment of drought in the Northern highlands of Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 13: 309-321. doi: 1016/j. jag.2010.12.002
Hongyong, S., X. Zhang, S. Chen, D. Pei, and C. Liu. 2007. Effect of harvest and sowing time on the performance of the rotation of winter wheat – summer maize in the North China Plain. Industrial Crops and Products. 25: 239-247. doi: 1016/j. indcrop.2006.12.003
Ihsan, H., I.H. Khalil., H. Rehman, and M. Iqbal. 2005. Genotypic variability for morphological traits among exotic maize hybrids. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 21(4): 599-602.
Jans, W.W.P., C.M.J. Jacobs, B. Kruijt, J.A, Elebrs, S. Barendse, and E.J. Morrs. 2010. Carbon exchange of a maize crop: Influence of phenology. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. 139: 325-335. doi: 1016/j.agee.2010.06.008
Kirkegaard, J.A., J.M. Lilley, R.D. Brill, S.J. Sprague, N.A. Fettell, and G.C. Pengilley. 2016. Re-evaluating sowing time of spring canola (Brassica napus ) in south-eastern Australia – how early is too early? Crop and Pasture Science. 67: 381–397. doi: 10.1071/CP15282
Koca, Y., and O. Canavar. 2014. The effect of sowing date on yield and yield components and seed quality of corn (Zea mays ). Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy. 57: 227-231.
Liaqat, W., M. Akmal, and J. Ali. 2018. Sowing date effect on production of high yielding maize varieties. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 34(1): 102-113. doi: 17582/journal.sja/2018/34.1.102.113
Ma, B.L., K.D. Subedi, D.W. Stewart, and L.M. Dwyer. 2014. Dry matter accumulation and silage moisture changes after silking in leafy and dualpurpose corn hybrids. Agronomy Journal of Plant Science. 98(4): 5057-5069. doi: 2134/ agronj2005.0299
Mas-ud, M., J.S. Kaba, K. Ofori, and G. Salifu. 2016. Relative planting dates effect on the agronomic performance of maize (Zea mays) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) in an intercrop system. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences.16: 262-276.
Muneeb, K., K. Kamran, U.A. Sami, A. Nawab, and M.A. Muhammad. 2017. Seed yield performance of different maize (Zea mays) genotypes under agro climatic conditions of haripur. International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources. 5(5): 97-102. doi: 10.19080/IJESNR.2017.05.555672
Naraki, H., H. Faraji, M. Movahedi Dehnavi, and S.K. Didgah. 2012. Evaluation of spring sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata) production in different planting date under plastic cover in Gachsaran province. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 6(2): 201-218. (In Persian).
Otung, I.A. 2014. Evaluation of six Chinese maize (Zea mays ) varieties in the humid tropical environment of calabar, South-East, Nigeria. Global Journal of Agricultural Research. 2(3): 10-16.
Parker, P.S., J.S. Shonkwiler, and J. Aurbacher. 2016. Cause and consequence in maize planting dates in Germany. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 203:1–14. doi: 1111/jac.12182
Patel, A.K., R.B. Ardeshna, and D. Kumar. 2017. Quality characters of maize and NPK status of soil as influenced by various sole and intercropping treatments. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6(9):1558-1565. doi: 20546/ijcmas.2017.609.191
Plett, S. 1992. Comparison of seasonal thermal thermal indices for measurement for measurement of corn maturity in a Prairie enviromment. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 72: 1157-1162.
Rahmani, A., M. Nasrolah Alhossini, and S. Khavari Khorasani. 2016. Effect of planting date and plant densities on yield and yield components of sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata). American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 10 (2): 1-9. doi: 10.9734/AJEA/2016/19592
Ribaut, J.M., J. Betran, P. Monneveux, and T. Setter. 2012. Drought tolerance in maize. In: Bennetzen, JL, Hake SC (Eds.), Handbook of Maize: Its Biology. Springer. New York. 311–34 pp.
Tsimba, R., G.O. Edmeades, J.P. Millner, and P.D. Kemp. 2013. The effect of planting date on maize grain yields and yield components. Field Crops Research. 150:135–144. doi: 1016/j.fcr.2013.05.028
Varma, V.S., K.K. Durga, and P. Neelima. 2014. Effect of sowing date on maize seed yield and quality: A review. Review of Plant Studies. 1(2): 26-38. doi: 18488/journal.69/2014.1.2/69.2.26.38
Zhou, B., Y. Yue, X. Sun, X. Wang, Z. Wang, W. Ma, and M. Zhao. 2016. Maize grain yield and dry matter production responses to variations in weather conditions. Agronomy Journal. 108:196–204. doi: 10.2134/agronj2015.0196
_||_Abendroth L.J., K.P. Woli, A.J.W. Myers, and R.W. Elmore. 2017. Yield-based corn planting date recommendation windows for Iowa. Crop Forage Turfgrass Managment. 3(1): 1-7. doi: 2134/cftm2017.02.0015
Akter, N., A.K.M.R. Amin, M.N. Haque, and S.M. Masum. 2016. Effect of sowing date and weed control method on the growth and yield of soybean. Poljoprivreda. 22(1): 19-27. doi: 18047/poljo.22.1.3
Alavi Fazel, M., S. Lack, and M. Sheykhi Nasab. 2013. The effect of irrigation-off at some growth stages on remobilization of dry matter and yield of corn hybrids. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 5(20): 2372-2378.
Bates, L.S., R.P. Waldren, and I.D. Teare. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39(1): 205-207. doi: 10.1007/BF00018060
Bianculli, M.L., L.A. Aguirrezábal, G.A.P. Irujo, and M.M. Echarte. 2016. Contribution of incident solar radiation on leaves and pods to soybean seed weight and composition. European Journal of Agronomy. 77: 1-9. doi: 1016/j.eja.2016. 03.002
Dayal, V., A.K. Dubey, S.K. Singh, R.M. Sharma, A. Dahuja, and C. Kaur. 2016. Growth, yield and physiology of mango (Mangifera indica ) cultivars as affected by polyembryonic rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae. 199: 186–197. doi: 10.1016/ j.scienta.2015.12.042
Falahaki, H., A.R. Yadavi, M. Movahedi Dehnavi, and H.R. Balochi. 2011. Oilseed, protein and seed yield of rapeseed cultivars in different planting dates in Yasouj area. Production of Crops. 4(2): 222-207. (In Persian).
Fosu-Mensah, B.Y., D.S. Mac Carthy, P.L.G. Vlek, and E.Y. Safo. 2012. Simulating impact of seasonal climatic variation on the response of maize (Zea mays ) to inorganic fertilizer in sub-humid Ghana. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 94: 255-271. doi: 10.1007/s10705-012-9539-4
Gebrehiwot, T., A. van der Veen, and B. Maathuis. 2011. Spatial and temporal assessment of drought in the Northern highlands of Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 13: 309-321. doi: 1016/j. jag.2010.12.002
Hongyong, S., X. Zhang, S. Chen, D. Pei, and C. Liu. 2007. Effect of harvest and sowing time on the performance of the rotation of winter wheat – summer maize in the North China Plain. Industrial Crops and Products. 25: 239-247. doi: 1016/j. indcrop.2006.12.003
Ihsan, H., I.H. Khalil., H. Rehman, and M. Iqbal. 2005. Genotypic variability for morphological traits among exotic maize hybrids. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 21(4): 599-602.
Jans, W.W.P., C.M.J. Jacobs, B. Kruijt, J.A, Elebrs, S. Barendse, and E.J. Morrs. 2010. Carbon exchange of a maize crop: Influence of phenology. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. 139: 325-335. doi: 1016/j.agee.2010.06.008
Kirkegaard, J.A., J.M. Lilley, R.D. Brill, S.J. Sprague, N.A. Fettell, and G.C. Pengilley. 2016. Re-evaluating sowing time of spring canola (Brassica napus ) in south-eastern Australia – how early is too early? Crop and Pasture Science. 67: 381–397. doi: 10.1071/CP15282
Koca, Y., and O. Canavar. 2014. The effect of sowing date on yield and yield components and seed quality of corn (Zea mays ). Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy. 57: 227-231.
Liaqat, W., M. Akmal, and J. Ali. 2018. Sowing date effect on production of high yielding maize varieties. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 34(1): 102-113. doi: 17582/journal.sja/2018/34.1.102.113
Ma, B.L., K.D. Subedi, D.W. Stewart, and L.M. Dwyer. 2014. Dry matter accumulation and silage moisture changes after silking in leafy and dualpurpose corn hybrids. Agronomy Journal of Plant Science. 98(4): 5057-5069. doi: 2134/ agronj2005.0299
Mas-ud, M., J.S. Kaba, K. Ofori, and G. Salifu. 2016. Relative planting dates effect on the agronomic performance of maize (Zea mays) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) in an intercrop system. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences.16: 262-276.
Muneeb, K., K. Kamran, U.A. Sami, A. Nawab, and M.A. Muhammad. 2017. Seed yield performance of different maize (Zea mays) genotypes under agro climatic conditions of haripur. International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources. 5(5): 97-102. doi: 10.19080/IJESNR.2017.05.555672
Naraki, H., H. Faraji, M. Movahedi Dehnavi, and S.K. Didgah. 2012. Evaluation of spring sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata) production in different planting date under plastic cover in Gachsaran province. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 6(2): 201-218. (In Persian).
Otung, I.A. 2014. Evaluation of six Chinese maize (Zea mays ) varieties in the humid tropical environment of calabar, South-East, Nigeria. Global Journal of Agricultural Research. 2(3): 10-16.
Parker, P.S., J.S. Shonkwiler, and J. Aurbacher. 2016. Cause and consequence in maize planting dates in Germany. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 203:1–14. doi: 1111/jac.12182
Patel, A.K., R.B. Ardeshna, and D. Kumar. 2017. Quality characters of maize and NPK status of soil as influenced by various sole and intercropping treatments. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6(9):1558-1565. doi: 20546/ijcmas.2017.609.191
Plett, S. 1992. Comparison of seasonal thermal thermal indices for measurement for measurement of corn maturity in a Prairie enviromment. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 72: 1157-1162.
Rahmani, A., M. Nasrolah Alhossini, and S. Khavari Khorasani. 2016. Effect of planting date and plant densities on yield and yield components of sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata). American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 10 (2): 1-9. doi: 10.9734/AJEA/2016/19592
Ribaut, J.M., J. Betran, P. Monneveux, and T. Setter. 2012. Drought tolerance in maize. In: Bennetzen, JL, Hake SC (Eds.), Handbook of Maize: Its Biology. Springer. New York. 311–34 pp.
Tsimba, R., G.O. Edmeades, J.P. Millner, and P.D. Kemp. 2013. The effect of planting date on maize grain yields and yield components. Field Crops Research. 150:135–144. doi: 1016/j.fcr.2013.05.028
Varma, V.S., K.K. Durga, and P. Neelima. 2014. Effect of sowing date on maize seed yield and quality: A review. Review of Plant Studies. 1(2): 26-38. doi: 18488/journal.69/2014.1.2/69.2.26.38
Zhou, B., Y. Yue, X. Sun, X. Wang, Z. Wang, W. Ma, and M. Zhao. 2016. Maize grain yield and dry matter production responses to variations in weather conditions. Agronomy Journal. 108:196–204. doi: 10.2134/agronj2015.0196