ارزیابی روابط عملکرد دانه و برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک در ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان در شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

سامان معتضدی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران)
سعید سیف زاده ² (عضو هیات علمی،گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران)
رضا حق پرست ³ (موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
حمیدرضا ذاکرین ⁴ (عضو هیات علمی،گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران)
حمید جباری ⁵ (موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران)
جهانفر دانشیان ⁶ (موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/03/05 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/11/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/02/01

کلید واژه: تجزیه علیت, تجزیه همبستگی, صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک, عملکرد کاه و کلش, طول برگ پرچم,

چکیده مقاله :

روابط بین عملکرد دانه با برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و تعیین اهمیت نسبی هر یک از آنها، در 25 ژنوتیپ گندم نان از نظر14صفت مورفوفیزیولوژیک طی آزمایشی در دو شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط مزرعه طی سال های زراعی 1395-1393در شرایط آب و هوایی غرب کشور (ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم سرارود کرمانشاه) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که صفات مورد بررسی، به جز طول سنبله، تفاوت معنی داری در دو شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی داشتند. در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی، صفات مذکور مقادیر معنی دار بالاتری را نسبت به شرایط دیم نشان دادند. انجام آبیاری تکمیلی منجر به کاهش دمای سطح برگ و دمای کانوپی گردید. ضرایب همبستگی ساده بین صفات در هر دو شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی نشان داد که صفات پایداری غشای سلولی، طول برگ پرچم، عملکرد کاه و کلش، محتوای آب نسبی، وزن هزار دانه، محتوای کلروفیل، دمای برگ و دمای کانوپی همبستگی معنی دار بالایی با عملکرد دانه دارند. نتایج تجزیه رگرسیون همچنین نشان داد که صفات عملکرد کاه وکلش و طول برگ پرچم در شرایط دیم و صفات عملکرد کاه و کلش، طول برگ پرچم، محتوای آب نسبی و عملکرد سنبله در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی وارد مدل رگرسیونی شدند و به ترتیب 741/0 و 899/0 از کل تغییرات مربوط به عملکرد دانه را تبیین نمودند. تجزیه علیت نشان داد که بیشترین اثر مستقیم مثبت به عملکرد کاه و کلش و طول برگ پرچم تحت شرایط دیم و عملکرد کاه و کلش، محتوای آب نسبی، طول برگ پرچم و عملکرد سنبله تحت شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی ارتباط داشت و این امر نشان دهنده اهمیت این صفات بر عملکرد دانه می باشد. در هر دو شرایط، عملکرد کاه و کلش بیشترین اثر مستقیم و مثبت را بر عملکرد دانه دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Relationship, between seed yield and it morphological characteristics and their relative importance in 25 bread wheat genotypes under both rain-fed and supplementary irrigation conditions studied using a randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated during growing seasons of 2014 and 2016 at the Kermanshah’s Sararud Rainfed Agricultural Research Station. Analysis of variance showed that all traits under study, except spike length, exhibited significant differences in rainfed and supplementary irrigation condition. In supplementary irrigation conditions, these traits showed higher values as compared to those of rainfed condition. The application of supplementary irrigation resulted in reduced leaf and canopy temperatures. The coefficients of simple correlation between the traits, for both of the rain-fed and supplementary irrigation systems, indicated that cell membrane stability, flag leaf length, straw yield, relative water content, 1000 seed weight, chlorophyll content, leaf and canopy temperatures were maximally correlated with the seed yield. Traits like straw yield and flag leaf length were inserted into the regression model of rainfed irrigation condition and traits such as the straw yield, flag leaf length, relative water content and spike yield were also inserted into the regression model of supplementary irrigation condition the results demonstrated that the former traits accounted for 0.741 of the seed yield variations and the latter traits explained 0.899 of the seed yield variation. Path coefficient analysis showed highest positive direct effect on seed yield in rain-fed condition, and straw yield and flag leaf length, relative water content, flag leaf length and spike yield in supplementary irrigation condition. Based on the results of this study, straw yield was found to be the most important indicator to select for higher yielding varieties of wheat under both rainfed and supplementar irrigation conditions.

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