مروری بر مساله زمانبندی پروژه های نرم افزاری

چکیده مقاله :

مساله زمانبندی پروژه‌های نرم‌افزاری یکی از مهمترین فعالیت‌ها در توسعه پروژه‌های نرم‌افزاری به‌شمار می‌آید. یکی از اصلی‌ترین دلایل عدم اتمام موفقیت‌آمیز پروژه‌های نرم‌افزاری، مطابقت نداشتن هزینه و زمانبندی برنامه‌ریزی شده و استفاده نکردن از روش‌های زمانبندی کارا است. عامل اصلی برای بهاتمام رساندن پروژه‌های نرم‌افزاری مطابق با هزینه و زمانبندی برنامه‌ریزی شده، بکارگیری زمانبندی دقیق و درست است. موضوع زمانبندی پروژه‌های نرم‌افزاری، مهمترین مبحثی است که در توسعه و مدیریت پروژه می‌بایست بیش از هر موضوع دیگری به آن توجه کرد. این مساله شامل برنامه‌ریزی منابع، برآورد هزینه‌ها، نیروی انسانی و کنترل هزینه است. بنابراین، لازم است برای زمانبندی پروژه‌های نرم‌افزاری الگوریتمی اتخاذ شود که با در نظر گرفتن هزینه و محدودیت‌های منابع، بهینه‌ترین زمان برای انجام پروژه‌ها پیشبینی گردد. کاهش همزمان هزینه و زمان در توسعه پروژه‌های نرم‌افزاری برای شرکت‌های تولید نرم‌افزار بسیار لازم و ضروری است. بنابراین، بهدلیل کاهش عدم تقارن دو عامل ذکر شده در پروژه‌ها لازم است که بین زمان پروژه و هزینه موازنه‌ای صورت پذیرد. مهمترین رکن مساله زمانبندی پروژه با منابع محدود است که شامل تخصیص تعدادی وظایف به منبع یا منابعی با ظرفیت محدود و محدودیت‌های زمانی برای دستیابی به بهینه کردن زمانبندی وظایف با حداقل زمان است. به نحوی که محدودیت‌های منابع در پروژه‌ها به طور همزمان ارضا و بهینه شوند. در این مقاله به بررسی و مرور مساله زمانبندی پروژه‌های نرم‌افزاری با استفاده از مدل‌های کلاسیک و الگوریتم‌های هوش مصنوعی پرداخته شده است. بررسیهای به دست آمده نشان میدهد که روشهای هوش مصنوعی کارایی بهتری در مقایسه با مدلهای کلاسیک دارند.

چکیده انگلیسی :

The software project scheduling problem (SPSP) is one of the most important activities in the development of software projects. The main factor for completing software projects according to the planned cost and schedule is the use of accurate and correct scheduling. SPSP includes resource planning, cost estimation, manpower and cost control. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt an algorithm for the scheduling of software projects that considers the best time to complete the projects, taking into account the cost and resource limitations. The simultaneous reduction of cost and time in the development of software projects is very necessary and essential for software production companies. Therefore, due to the reduction of the asymmetry of the two factors mentioned in the projects, it is necessary to make a balance between the project time and the cost. In SPSP, the most important element is the Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP). RCPSP includes assigning a number of tasks to a resource or resources with limited capacity and time constraints to achieve the optimization of task scheduling with minimum time.

تازه های تحقیق:

بررسی تکنیکهای زمانبندی پروژههای نرم افزاری و مقایسه انواع روشها

بیان روشها، ایده اصلی روش، مزیت و معایب روش های استفاده شده در این حوزه

معرفی روش های کلاسیک و روش های هوش مصنوعی استفاده شده در این حوزه و مقایسه روشهای استفاده شده

روشهای هوش مصنوعی کارایی بهتری در مقایسه با مدلهای کلاسیک دارند.

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