مطالعه ی مروری بر پدیده سرمازدگی و نقش باکتری‌های هسته ی یخ در افزایش خسارت آن در باغات پسته رفسنجان
محورهای موضوعی : آفات و بيماري هاي گياهي
مهدیه رستمی
1
(گروه بیماری شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.)
کلید واژه: باکتری هسته یخ, پسته, رفسنجان, سرمازدگی.,
چکیده مقاله :
پسته به‌عنوان یک محصول استراتژیک، جایگاه خاصی در بین تولیدات کشاورزي ایران دارد. در سال‌های اخیر، تغییرات اقلیمی، بزرگتـرین خطري است که بازار پسته را تهدید می‌کند. این تغییرات از جمله سـرمازدگی و پدیـده‌هـاي نـاگوار جوي به شکل‌های مختلف کیفیت و کمیت محصول پسته را تحت تاثیر قرار داده است. علیرغم توسعه‌ی روش‌های مختلف حفاظت در برابر سرما، خسارت‌های سرمازدگی وارد به گیاهان همچنان به‌عنوان یک مشکل عمده‌ی اقتصادی برای تولیدکنندگان کشاورزی و باغی مطرح است. به همین دلیل پژوهش‌ها و مطالعات زیادی در این زمینه صورت گرفته است. این مقاله، مروری است بر بخشی از پژوهش‌های ده سال گذشته که در زمینه سرمازدگی ، نقش باکتری‌های هسته یخ در سرمازدگی پسته و مدیریت جمعیت این باکتری‌ها انجام شده است. باکتری‌های هسته‌ی یخ، آغازگر اصلی آسیب سرمازدگی به بسیاری از گیاهان زراعی مهم اقتصادی هستند. این مقاله همچنین مروری است برتحقیقات انجام شده شامل جداسازی و شناسایی باکتری‌های هسته‌ی یخ ساکن سطح درختان پسته در استان کرمان ، ردیابی ژن هسته‌زای یخ، مقایسه فرکانس هسته ی یخ بین آنها و همچنین امکان کنترل بیولوژیک آنها. در نهایت این مقاله نقش این باکتری ها را در خسارت سرمازدگی گیاهان و راهبردها و محدودیت‌های جلوگیری از آسیب سرمازدگی گیاهی با مدیریت این جمعیت‌های باکتریایی توسط باکتری‌کش‌ها، باکتری‌های آنتاگونیست، یا راهبردهای کنترل زراعی را بررسی می‌کند.
Abstract Pistachio is a strategic product with a special position among agricultural products. In recent years, climate change poses a threat to the pistachio market. These changes, including frost and adverse weather phenomena, have affected the quality and quantity of the pistachio product in different ways. Despite the development of different methods of protection against cold, frost damage to plants is a widespread serious economic problem for agricultural and horticultural producers. For this reason, many researches and studies have been done in this field. This paper reviews the results of frosting, the role of ice nucleating bacteria in Pistachio frost damage and frost management research that have been reported over the past 10 years. Ice-nucleating bacteria are the chief initiators of frost damage to many economically important crop plants. This paper also reviews the results of research including isolation and identification of epiphytic Ice Nucleation active bacteria, evaluation of Ice Nucleation Activity (INA) and INA gene detection in the bacteria Isolated from Pistachio Trees in Kerman Province, comparison of ice nucleation frequency and the possibility of biological control of them. Lastly, this review also explores the role of these bacteria in plant frost damage and the strategies and limitations of avoiding plant frost damage by managing these bacterial populations by bactericides, antagonistic bacteria, or cultural control strategies.
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