تحلیل آثار سیاست تعرفه‌ی واردات بر بازار برنج ایران

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی

سید حبیب الله موسوی ¹ (دانشجوی دکترای اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز)
عبدالکریم اسماعیلی ² (دانشیار اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/09/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/09/27 تاریخ انتشار : 1390/04/01

کلید واژه: ایران, قیمت, مصرف, بازار برنج, تعرفه واردات, مدل تعادل فضایی, تولید,

چکیده مقاله :

مسئله سیاست غذای ارزان و خودکفایی در مورد محصول برنجِ ایران همواره باعث شده تا دولت مداخلات زیادی در بازار و تجارت این محصول داشته باشد. از بین تمامی سیاست‌های اعمال شده در مورد این محصول می‌توان از سیاست‌ تعرفه‌ی واردات یاد کرد که در سال‌های اخیر کاربرد فراوان‌تری داشته ‌است. با این وجود نتایج حاصل از این سیاست در بین اقشار تولیدی و مصرفی کاملاً بحث بر‌انگیز بوده و به صورت چالشی بزرگ در مقابل سیاست‌گذاران و محققین قرار گرفته‌ است. به همین جهت، مطالعه حاضر تلاش کرده تا با استفاده از پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی مختلف و نیز توسعه یک مدل چند بازاره تعادل فضایی، آثار این سیاست را بر حجم تجارت و نیز تولید و مصرف داخلی این محصول به صورت کمّی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار دهد. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که تولید برنج داخل با ابزار موانع غیر تعرفه‌ای شدیداً حمایت می‌گردد و این امر باعث ناکارایی سیاست‌های تعرفه‌ای در بازار برنج شده‌است. همچنین اثر سیاست افزایش تعرفه‌ی واردات در مناطق مختلف ایران بسته به نوع شهری و روستایی بودن هر منطقه متفاوت ‌است. ولی با این حال، افزایش تعرفه‌ی واردات توام با کاهش چشمگیر مصرف و واردات و تا حدودی افزایش قیمت خرده‌فروشی، قیمت سر مزرعه و نیز تولید داخلی برنج می‌باشد.  

چکیده انگلیسی:

The dilemma of cheap food and self-sufficiency for the case of rice in Iran justified continuous government intervention in this market. Among all policy instruments, import tariffs have been extensively used in recent years. However the impacts of the policy on producers and consumers are quite controversial and remain as main question for researchers and policy makers. In this paper, attempts were made to develop a multi-market spatial price equilibrium model for analysis of import tariff changes on the volume of trade, prices, domestic production and consumption. Results showed that domestic production have been strongly protected by non tariff barriers but led to inefficient tariff policies in rice market. Also results showed that the effects of such policy were varied among various regions and between rural and urban areas of Iran. On the whole, increase in import tariff on rice caused a significant decrease in consumption and import volume and increase in retail, farm gate prices and domestic production of rice  

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