تاثیر آزادسازی تجاری بر درآمد صنایع غذایی (مطالعه موردی رب گوجه فرنگی ایران)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزیسید احسان ظهوری 1 , امیر محمدی نژاد 2 , رضا مقدسی 3
1 - دانش آموخته دوره دکتری، گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران.
3 - دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران.
کلید واژه: رب گوجه فرنگی, تعرفه ارزشی, سهم درآمد,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه و هدف: بنگاههای کوچک و متوسط سهم قابل توجهی از ارزش افزوده را میتوانند به خود اختصاص دهند؛ محصولات صنایع تبدیلی بویژه رب گوجهفرنگی با توجه به تولید سرانه و موقعیت اقلیمی ایران، از نظایر آن محسوب میشوند. نظر به توسعه جهانیشدن، راهبردهای رفع موانع تعرفهای و غیر تعرفهای می‌تواند منجر به افزایش سهم صادرکنندگان در بازار رقابتی شود.
مواد و روشها: برای مطالعه عوامل مؤثر بویژه عامل تعرفه برسهم درآمد صادرکنندگان ربگوجه فرنگی از دادههای تابلویی با 192 مقطع شامل کارخانجات عمده صادرکننده وکشورهای واردکننده طی سال‌های 92-1384 درقالب مدل جاذبه استفاده شده است.
یافتهها: نتایج روش تخمین مدل خطی تعمیم یافته حاکی از اثر مثبت بهرهوری، تعداد اسناد تجاری، مذهب و آسیاییبودن کشور و اثر منفی تعرفه و مسافت تا کشور واردکننده بر سهم درآمد شرکت صادرکننده رب گوجهفرنگی ایرانی بوده است.
بحث و نتیجهگیری: اهم پیشنهادات می‌تواند شامل عضویت درسازمان تجارت جهانی، ترجیح برصادرات با بسته بندی اسپتیک به شرکای تجاری خاص و اعمال تعرفههای ترجیحی از راه مذاکرات میباشد. درخصوص عوامل غیرتعرفهای، به تسهیل در عملیات بانکی بینالمللی از طریق رفع تحریمهای اقتصادی، تمرکز بر بازارهای آسیایی با توجه به اصل مزیت نسبی، بهروزرسانی تجهیزات، مکانیابی کارخانهها و آموزش نیروی انسانی، پیشنهاد میشود.
Introduction: Small and medium companies may allocate themselves a significant share of value added; food industry products especially tomato paste in accordance with the production per capita and climate conditions of Iran are considered as such. Owing to the globalization development, the strategies of relieving from tariff and non-tariff barriers increase the exporters’ shares in the competitive market.
Materials and Methods: To investigate the effective factors, particularly the ad-valorem tariff on the share of tomato-paste exporters, a panel data was used with 192 cross-sections, including major exporting factories and importing countries in a gravity model during 2005-13.
Findings: Results of the Generalized Linear Model estimations indicated the positive effect of productivity, number of trade documents, religion, and being an Asian country, as well as the negative effect of tariff and distance to the importing country on the revenue share of Iranian tomato-paste exporting companies.
Conclusion: The most important suggestions is to be WTO membership, preferring to export to special trade partners with aseptic packages and to apply preferential tariffs via negotiations. In case of non-tariff factors, it is recommended that international banking functions should be facilitated by relieving the economic sanctions, focusing on Asian markets due to the comparative advantages, updating equipment, determining the geographic position of factories, and educating the labor.
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