مطالعه ارتباط آلودگی محیط زیستی و رشد کشاورزی در گروهی از کشورهای نفتی و غیرنفتی

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی

نیوشا نراقی ¹ , رضا مقدسی ² , امیر محمدی نژاد ³

1 - گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
3 - گروه اقتصاد، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/09/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/02/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/01

کلید واژه: داده‌های ترکیبی, رشد کشاورزی, کشورهای نفتی و غیر نفتی, منحنی محیط زیستی کوزنتس, آلودگی محیط زیستی,

چکیده مقاله :

مقدمه و هدف: مطالعه نوع رابطه آلاینده‌های محیط زیستی و رشد اقتصادی (منحنی محیط زیستی کوزنتس) در سه دهه اخیر به یک موضوع بحث برانگیز تبدیل شده و همواره مورد توجه اقتصادانان بوده است.
مواد و روش­ها: با توجه به نقش اساسی بخش کشاورزی در تامین امنیت غذایی، در این مطالعه به شناسایی رابطه بین آلاینده‌های محیط زیستی (به تفکیک دو نوع گاز آلاینده دی اکسید کربن (CO₂) و دی اکسید گوگرد (SO₂)) و رشد کشاورزی در گروهی از کشورهای نفتی و غیر نفتی با استفاده از داده‌های ترکیبی در یک دوره 12 ساله (2014-2003) پرداخته شد.
یافته­ ها: نتایج آزمون ایستایی نشان داد که متغیرهای مدل ناایستا می‌باشند. لذا، برای بررسی وجود هم انباشتگی بین متغیرها، آزمون هم انباشتگی کائو انجام شد. نتایج این آزمون وجود ارتباط بلندمدت بین متغیرها را تایید کرد. براساس آزمون هاسمن نیز مدل اثرات ثابت در مقابل اثرات تصادفی پذیرفته و منحنی محیط زیستی کوزنتس برآورد زده شد. نتایج حاصل از الگوهای برآورد شده موید اعتبار منحنی محیط زیستی کوزنتس برای کشورهای نفتی و غیر نفتی مورد مطالعه می‌باشد و در واقع، مقدار انتشار گازهای CO₂ و SO₂ در کشورهای مورد مطالعه، در فرایند افزایش رشد بخش کشاورزی کاهش می‌یابند. افزون بر آن نتایج محاسبه نرخ حساسیت مقدار انتشار آلاینده‌های CO₂ و SO₂ به ارزش افزوده کشاورزی گروه‌های مورد بررسی نشان داد که کشورهای نفتی ( از جمله ایران) نسبت به کشورهای غیر نفتی دارای حساسیت بالاتری می باشند.
بحث و نتیجه ­گیری: بر این اساس توجه به کنترل آلایندگی صنایع بالادستی کشاورزی که عمده ترین منابع عرضه نهاده‌های کشاورزی می باشند، توصیه می‌گردد. 

چکیده انگلیسی:

Abstract
Introduction: The study on the type of relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth (environmental Kuznets curve) has been a controversial issue of high interest for economists during the last three decades.
Materials and Methods: Considering the critical role of the agriculture in economic growth, this study aimed at investigating the relationship between emissions of two environmental pollutants (CO₂ and SO₂) and agricultural growth in a number of oil and non-oil countries by using a panel data set for the period 2003-2014.
Findings: Main results revealed the non-stationarity of variables and existence of a long-run co-integration relationship between them. Other findings confirmed the validity of environmental Kuznets curve in a quadratic form for both groups of countries. Moreover, the calculated elasticities showed higher sensitivity of the CO₂ and SO₂ emissions to the agricultural growth in oil countries.
Conclusion: Accordingly, it is recommended to pay attention to pollution control of upstream agricultural industries, which are the main sources of agricultural inputs.

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