رابطه بین حمل و نقل، رشد اقتصادی و محیط‌زیست درکشورهای منتخب منا

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی

مهسا کلانترزاده ¹ , فاطمه زندی ² , محمد خضری ³ , بیژن صفوی ⁴

1 - دانشجوی دکترای علوم اقتصادی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
4 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/05/09 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/09/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/05/01

کلید واژه: توسعه پایدار, حمل و نقل, انتشارCO2, کشورهای منا, سیستم معادلات هم‌زمان,

چکیده مقاله :

در روند حرکت جهانی به سوی توسعه پایدار توجه به آسیب­های زیست­محیطی ناشی از بخش انرژی، امری ضروری بشمار می‌رود. بخش انرژی، با وجود ایفای نقش اساسی در فرآیند توسعه اقتصادی موجب نشر آلاینده­های گوناگون زیست­محیطی نیز می­شود که بخش عمده گازهای آلاینده و گلخانه­ای منتشر شده در جهان به صورت گاز دی­اکسیدکربن و ناشی از سوخت­های فسیلی حاصل از گسترش توسعه صنعتی و حمل و نقل است. از سوی دیگر، گسترش بخش حمل و نقل از الزمات رشد اقتصادی است و بدون توسعه زیرساخت­های بخش حمل و نقل، رشد مداوم و مستمر اقتصادی ممکن نیست. بنابراین، حمل و نقل یک عامل مهم و تأثیرگذار برای توسعه اقتصادی بشمار می‌رود و نقش آن در فعالیت­های تولیدی و مبادلات تجاری بین کشورها ضروری است. در این مطالعه، هدف بررسی ارتباط بین حمل و نقل، رشد اقتصادی و محیط­زیست در کشورهای منتخب منا در دوره زمانی 2016-1996 با استفاده از سیستم معادلات هم‌زمان می­باشد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که با وجود تأثیر مثبت محیط­زیست بر رشد اقتصادی و حمل و نقل، آلودگی زیست­محیطی نیز در فرآیند رشد اقتصادی و حمل و نقل افزایش می­یابد. هم‌چنین، با وجود تأثیر مثبت حمل و نقل بر رشد اقتصادی، رشد اقتصادی نیز حمل و نقل را افزایش می­دهد. لذا، پیشنهاد می­شود تأثیرات زیست­محیطی و اجتماعی حمل و نقل مورد توجه قرار گیرد. هم‌چنین،کشورها مجموعه­ای از ابزارهای اقتصادی، مالی، تنظیم مقررات نظارتی و تکنولوژیکی را برای کنترل عوامل مؤثر بر رشد اقتصادی نظیر حمل و نقل، مصرف انرژی و انتشار گازهای آلاینده بکار گیرند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In the process of global moving towards sustainable development, consideration of environmental damage caused by the energy sector is essential. Much of the world's pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions is in the form of carbon dioxide generated by burning fossil fuels as a result of expansion of industrial development and transportation. In this study, the relationship between transport, economic growth, and the environment in selected MENA countries over the period 1996-2016 using the Simultaneous Equations System is investigated. The results indicate that despite the positive effect of the environment on GDP growth and transportation, environmental pollution also increases in the process of economic growth and transportation. Also, despite the positive effect of the transportation on economic growth, economic growth increases transport.

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