تعیین نگرش شالیکاران شهرستان رشت نسبت به ریسک نهاده: مدل اول اطمینان
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزیهانیه کظمی شعبانزاده افلاکی 1 , عذرا جوانبخت 2 , خدیجه الفی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه
2 - گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی-دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه ارومیه- hv,ldi
3 - حق التدریس گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه تبریز
کلید واژه: برنج, شهرستان رشت, مدل اول اطمینان, نگرش نسبت به ریسک,
چکیده مقاله :
از آنجایی که فعالیتهای کشاورزی ذاتا ریسکی هستند و کشاورزان مجبور به تصمیمگیری در چنین محیطی میباشند؛ چگونگی تصمیمگیری آنها در شرایط ریسکی، بستگی به نگرش آنها نسبت به ریسک دارد. به عبارت دیگر، تفاوت در نگرش موجب میشود افراد در شرایط مشابه، تصمیمات متفاوتی اتخاذ نمایند. در این مطالعه، تلاش شده تا نگرش شالیکاران شهرستان رشت نسبت به ریسک برای چهار نهادهی کود نیترات، کود فسفات، سم و نیرویکار با استفاده از مدل اول اطمینان تعیین شود. دادههای مورد نیاز از طریق تکمیل پرشسنامه از 221 شالیکار در سال 1396 با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری خوشهای دو مرحلهای بدست آمده است. نتایج مطالعه نشان میدهد، نگرش ریسکی کلیه شالیکاران نسبت به مصرف نهادههای کودهای نیترات، فسفات و سم در طبقه ریسکگریز متوسط قرار میگیرد. این نوع نگرش میتواند منجر به استفاده بیشتر از نهادههای کود شیمیایی و سموم شده و باعث تولید محصول ناسالم و آلودگیهای زیستمحیطی شود. اما شالیکاران بر حسب نهادهی نیرویکار دارای نگرشهای متفاوتی هستند، بطوریکه تقریباً 83 درصد آنها، ریسکگریز و فقط حدود 17 درصد ریسک پذیر میباشند.
Since agricultural activities are inherently risky and farmers have to make decisions in such situations, their decision-making in a context of risk depends on their attitude to risk. In other words, different attitudes, cause people making different decisions in similar situations. In this study, it is tried to determine the attitude of farmers in Rasht county about risk based on four inputs of nitrate and phosphate fertilizers, poison and labour using the Safety First Model. The required data was obtained by filling out questionnaires and face to face interview with 221 rice farmers in year1396 using two-stage cluster sampling method. The results of the study indicate that all of rice farmers are intermediate risk averse towards the use of nitrate fertilizers (urea), phosphate fertilizer and poison (herbicide). This type of attitude can lead to the use of more fertilizers and poisons which result in unhealthy crops and environmental pollution. But rice farmers have different attitudes in terms of labour input, with almost 83% of them are risk averse and only about 17% are risk prefer.
- Abde Shahi, A. & Soltani, Gh. (2000). Investigating Farmers' Risk Averse Using Experimental Models, Econometrics and Risk Planning. Agricultural Science and Technology and Natural Resources, 4(1): 11-20. (In Persian).
- Abreha, K. (2011). Poverty and farmer’s attitiude towardes risk: Evidence from Hawzen Woreda, Tigray. Doctoral dissertation, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
- Agricultural Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture- Jahad. 2014-2015.
- Akinniran, T.N. Raufu, M.O. & Isola, A. (2017). Effect of risk attitude on rural househole poverty of food crops farmers in surulere local government area of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Internatioal Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch, 2(1): 1-13.
- Aye, G.C. & Oji, K.O. (2007). Effect of poverty on risk attitudes of farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. p. 4-6. In 12th Annual Conference on Econometric Modelling for Africa. Cape Town.
- Bar-Shira, Z., Just, R.E., & Zilberman, D. (1997). Estimation of farmers' risk attitude: an econometric approach. Agricultural Economics, 17(2-3): 211-222.
- Bokusheva, R. & Hockmann, H. (2006). Production risk and technical inefficiency in Russian agriculture. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 33(1): 93-118.
- Dillon, J.L. & Scandizzo, P.L. (1978). Risk attitudes of subsistence farmers in Northeast Brazil: A sampling approach. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 60(3): 425-435.
- Ehsan A.R. Tehrani R. & Islami Bidgoli, G. (2008). Investigation of risk aversion coefficient and production variance in rice management (Case study: tomatos’s producers in Dezful). Agricultural and Development Economics, 16(61):17-35. (In Persian).
- Ferdowsi, R. & Koopahi, M. (2005). Determination of wheat farmers’ attitude to risk (Case study: Golestan Province). Agricultural and Development Economics, 13(52): 27-43. (In Persian).
- Golkaranmoghadam, S. (2014). Production risk and risk trends saffron workers of Torbat Heidarie with an emphasis on poverty. Journal of Agriculture Economics and Development, 22(87):1-21. (In Persian).
- Just, R.E. & Pope, R.D. (1978). Stochastic specification of production functions and economic implications. Journal of Econometrics, 7(1): 67-86.
- Mortazavi, S.A. Ghorbani, M. Alaei Boroujeni, P. & Alipour, A. (2012). Factors affecting the risk of pomegranate production with an approach to poverty; Case study; villages in the central part of Shahreza city. Agricultural Economics Research, 4(3): 21-37.
-Moscardi, E. & De Janvry, A. (1977). Attitudes toward risk among peasants: An econometric approach. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 59(4): 710-716.
- Ogundari, K. & Akinbogun, O.O. (2010). Modeling technical efficiency with production risk: A study of fish farms in Nigeria. Marine Resource Economics, 25(3): 295-308.
- Ogunniyi, L.T. & Ojedokun, I.K. (2012). An investigation of production risk and economic efficiency of rice farmer in Kwara State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture, 5(1): 35-43.
- Organization of agriculture- Jahad of Gilan province. (2017).
- Parikh, A. & Bernard, A. (1988). Impact of risk on HYV adoption in Bangladesh. Agricultural Economics, 2: 167- 178.
- Randhair, T. (1991). Influence of risk on input use in south Indian Tankfed farms. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 46: 52-63.
- Ranjbar Malekshah, T. Hosseini Yekani, S.A. & Mojaverian, S.M. (2016). The degree of absolute risk aversion of farmers and determining the factors affecting it in Ghoharbaran Sari. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 29(4):401-410. (In Persian).
- Roy, A.D. (1952). Safety first and the holding of assets. Econometrica, 20: 431–449.
- Statistical yearbook of Guilan. (2014).
- Villano, R.A. O'Donnell, C.J. & Battese, G.E. (2005). An investigation of production risk, risk preferences and technical efficiency: Evidence from rainfed lowland rice farms in the Philippines. Working Paper series in Agricultural and Resource Economics, ISSN 1442- 1909.
- Wik, M. Aragie Kebede, T. Bergland, O. & Holden, S.T. (2004). On the measurement of risk aversion from experimental data. Applied Economics, 36(21): 2443-2451.
- Yazdani, S. & Feyzabadi, Y. (2005). Determining the degree of risk aversion in poultry industry and the factors affecting on risk aversion; a case study of Sabzevar in Khorasan, Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11(2): 15-24. (In Persian).
-Tveteros, R. (1999). Production risk and productivity growth: Some findings for Norwegian salmon aquaculture. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 12(2): 161-179.
_||_