بررسی اثر آسکوربات و نمک بر میزان سدیم، کلر وبر خی ترکیبات آلی در گیاه سویا
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
مریم نیاکان
1
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد گرگان)
آتنا دیانسایی
2
(عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان، دانشگاه آزاد گرگان)
کلید واژه: سویا, شوری, آسکوربات, تنظیم کننده‌های اسمزی,
چکیده مقاله :
استرس شوری یک فاکتور مهم محیطی است که رشد و تولید گیاه را محدود می‌کند. اثرات زیانبار شوری روی گیاهان یا به صورت مرگ گیاه و یا به صورت کاهش در رشد مشخص شده است.در طی تنش شوری انواع مختلفی از گونه‌های اکسیژن فعال (ROS) تولید می‌گردد. این رادیکال ها انرژی خود را به مولکول‌های زیستی داده و یا حتی با آنها وارد واکنش گشته و سبب تخریب آنها می‌گردند. در طی تنش شوری سیستم‌های حفاظتی تحت عنوان سیستم آنتی اکسیدانی فعال شده و سطوح ROS را در گیاه کنترل می‌کنند. یکی از این سیستم‌های حفاظتی، اسید آسکوربیک می‌باشد که نقش مهمی را در از بین بردن ROS در گیاهان بازی می‌کند. در این تحقیق گیاه سویا تحت تاثیر غلظت‌های مختلف آسکوربات (1و2 میلی‌مول) و نمک (50و150 میلی‌مول) قرار گرفت و اثر آنها بر میزان پرولین، گلیسین بتائین، ترکیبات فنلی، قندهای محلول، سدیم و کلر در دو بخش هوایی و زیر زمینی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که در حضور نمک میزان سدیم، کلر و نیز ترکیبات آلی فوق افزایش یافته، ولیکن با افزودن آسکوربات از مقدار آنها کاسته شد.
Salinity stress is an important environmental factor that limits plant growth and production. The harmful effects of salinity on plants have been identified either in the form of plant death or in the form of reduced growth. During salinity stress, various types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. These radicals give their energy to biological molecules or even react with them and cause their destruction. During salinity stress, protective systems called antioxidant system are activated and control ROS levels in the plant. One of these protective systems is ascorbic acid, which plays an important role in eliminating ROS in plants. In this research, soybean plants were affected by different concentrations of ascorbate (1, 2 mmol) and salt (50 and 150 mmol) and their effects on proline, glycine betaine, phenolic compounds, soluble sugars, sodium and chlorine were evaluated in both aerial and underground parts. it placed. The results of this research showed that in the presence of salt, the amount of sodium, chlorine and the above organic compounds increased, but their amount decreased with the addition of ascorbate.
Allakhverdiev, S.I., Sakamoto, A., Nishiyama, Y., Inaba, M., Murata, N., 2000b. Ionic and osmotic effects of NaCl-induced inactivation of photosystems I and II in Synechococcus sp. Plant Physiol. 123, 1047–1056.
Basara, A.S. and Basara, R.R. 1997. Mechanism of environmental stress resistance in plants. Harvard Academic publishers. P: 83-111
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Treare, I. D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies, Plant and Soil. 39: 205-207.
Benlloch, M., Ogeda, M.A. Ramos, J. and Rodriguesnavarro, A. 1994. Salt sensitivity and low discrimination between potassium and sodium in bean plants. Plant and Soil. 166: 117-123
Blokhina, O.B, Chirkova, T.V, Fagerstedt, K.V. 2001. Anoxic stress leads to hydrogen peroxide formation in plant cells. Journal of Experimental Botany 52: 1–12
Chance, B. and Maehly, C. 1955. Assay of catalase and peroxidase. methodes Enzymol. 11: 764-755
Chang, W.W.P, Huang, L, Shen, M, Webster, C, Burlingame, A.L, Roberts, J.K.M. 2000. Patterns of protein synthesis and tolerance of anoxia in root tips of maize seedlings acclimated to a low-oxygen environment, and identification of proteins by mass spectrometry. Plant Physiology 122: 295–317.
Chauhan, R.P.S., Chauban, C.P.S. and Kumar, D. 1980. Free proline accumulation in cereals in relation to salt tolerance. Plant and Soil. 57: 167-175
Chaves, M.M., Pereira, J.S., Maroco, J., Roderigues, M.L., Richardo, C.P.P., Osorio, M.L., Carvalho, I., Faria, T., and Pinheiro, C., 2002. How plants cope with water stress in the field. Photosynthesis and growth. Ann. Bot. 89, Pp. 907-916
Cramer. M.D, Schieholt, A. Weny Y.Z. and Lips, S.H. 1995. The influence of salinity on the utilization of real a plerotic carbon and nitrogen metabolism in tomato seedlings. J. Experimental Botany. 64(291): 1569-1577
Cushman, J.C., and Bohnert, H.J. 2000. Genomic approaches to plant stress tolerance. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol, 3: 117-124
Hagemann, M., Murata, N., 2003. Glucosylglycerol, a compatible solute, sustains cell division under salt stress. Plant Physiol. 131, 1628–1637.
Halliwell , B., Gutteridge, JMC.(1998). Iron and free radical reactions: two aspects of antioxidant protection.Trends Biochemical Science 11,375
Haro, R., Banuelous, M.A. Quintero, F.J. Rabio, F.and Rodrgez Navarro, A. 1993. Genetic basis of sodium exclusion and sodium tolerance in yeast. A model for plant. Plant Physiology. 89: 868-874
Kawasaki, S., Borchert, C., Deyholos, M., Wang, H., Brazille, S., Kawai, K., Galbraith, D., Bohnert, H.J., 2001. Gene expression profiles during the initial phase of salt stress in rice. Plant Cell 13, 889–905
Kishor, P.B.K., Sangam, S., Amrutha, R.N., Lamix, P.S., Naidu, K.R. Rao, K.R., S.S., Rao, S., reddy, K.J., Theriappan, P. and V asulu, S. 2005. Regulation of proline biosynthesis, degradation, uptake and transport in higher plants: Its implication in plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Current science. Vol, 88, No, 3, Pp. 424-438.
Kochert, G. 1978. Carbohydrate determination by phenol sulfuric acid method in: Helebust, J. A. CRAIG, J. S. (ed): Hard book of method. 56-97.
Koroi, S.A.A. 1989. Gel elektrophores tische and spektral photometris choe unter zomein der temperature auf straktur and aktrits der amylase und peroxidase isoenzyme, physiol veg. 20: 15-23.
Matta, A.J. and Giai, I. 1969. Accumulation of phenol in tomato plant in effected by different forms of Fusarium oxysporum. planta. 50: 512-513.
Meloni, D.A., Gulotta, M.R., Martinez, C.A., and Oliva, M.A., 2004. The effect of salt stress on growth, Nitrate reductions and proline and glycinebetaine accumulation in Prosopis alba. Barz. J. Plant Physiol. Vol. 16, No. 1.
Mittler R. 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science 7, 405–410
Naidu, B.P., Cameron, D.F., and Konduri, S. V., 2006. Improving drought tolerant of cotton by glycine betaine application and selection. The Australian agronomy conference
Noctor, G., Foyer, C.H. 1998. Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 49: 249–279
Pattannagul, W., and Modare, M.A., 1999. Water dificit effects on raffinose family oligosaccharide metabolism in coleus. Plant Phisiology, Vol, 121, Pp. 987-993.
Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J., Paganga, G. 1997. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in Plant Sciences 2: 152–159
Wilson, C., Shannon, M.C. 1995. Salt-induced Na+/H+ antiport in root plasma membrane of a glycophytic species of tomato. Plant Science 107, 147–157
Yancey, P.H., 2005. Organic osmolyte as compatible metabolic and counteracting cytoprotectant in high osmolarity and other stresses. Journal of experimental biology, 208, 2819-2830
Zhifang, G., Loescher, W.H., 2003. Expression of a celery mannose 6-phosphate reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances salt tolerance and induces biosynthesis of both mannitol and a glucosyl-mannitol dimmer. Plant Cell Environ. 26, 275–283.
_||_Allakhverdiev, S.I., Sakamoto, A., Nishiyama, Y., Inaba, M., Murata, N., 2000b. Ionic and osmotic effects of NaCl-induced inactivation of photosystems I and II in Synechococcus sp. Plant Physiol. 123, 1047–1056.
Basara, A.S. and Basara, R.R. 1997. Mechanism of environmental stress resistance in plants. Harvard Academic publishers. P: 83-111
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Treare, I. D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies, Plant and Soil. 39: 205-207.
Benlloch, M., Ogeda, M.A. Ramos, J. and Rodriguesnavarro, A. 1994. Salt sensitivity and low discrimination between potassium and sodium in bean plants. Plant and Soil. 166: 117-123
Blokhina, O.B, Chirkova, T.V, Fagerstedt, K.V. 2001. Anoxic stress leads to hydrogen peroxide formation in plant cells. Journal of Experimental Botany 52: 1–12
Chance, B. and Maehly, C. 1955. Assay of catalase and peroxidase. methodes Enzymol. 11: 764-755
Chang, W.W.P, Huang, L, Shen, M, Webster, C, Burlingame, A.L, Roberts, J.K.M. 2000. Patterns of protein synthesis and tolerance of anoxia in root tips of maize seedlings acclimated to a low-oxygen environment, and identification of proteins by mass spectrometry. Plant Physiology 122: 295–317.
Chauhan, R.P.S., Chauban, C.P.S. and Kumar, D. 1980. Free proline accumulation in cereals in relation to salt tolerance. Plant and Soil. 57: 167-175
Chaves, M.M., Pereira, J.S., Maroco, J., Roderigues, M.L., Richardo, C.P.P., Osorio, M.L., Carvalho, I., Faria, T., and Pinheiro, C., 2002. How plants cope with water stress in the field. Photosynthesis and growth. Ann. Bot. 89, Pp. 907-916
Cramer. M.D, Schieholt, A. Weny Y.Z. and Lips, S.H. 1995. The influence of salinity on the utilization of real a plerotic carbon and nitrogen metabolism in tomato seedlings. J. Experimental Botany. 64(291): 1569-1577
Cushman, J.C., and Bohnert, H.J. 2000. Genomic approaches to plant stress tolerance. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol, 3: 117-124
Hagemann, M., Murata, N., 2003. Glucosylglycerol, a compatible solute, sustains cell division under salt stress. Plant Physiol. 131, 1628–1637.
Halliwell , B., Gutteridge, JMC.(1998). Iron and free radical reactions: two aspects of antioxidant protection.Trends Biochemical Science 11,375
Haro, R., Banuelous, M.A. Quintero, F.J. Rabio, F.and Rodrgez Navarro, A. 1993. Genetic basis of sodium exclusion and sodium tolerance in yeast. A model for plant. Plant Physiology. 89: 868-874
Kawasaki, S., Borchert, C., Deyholos, M., Wang, H., Brazille, S., Kawai, K., Galbraith, D., Bohnert, H.J., 2001. Gene expression profiles during the initial phase of salt stress in rice. Plant Cell 13, 889–905
Kishor, P.B.K., Sangam, S., Amrutha, R.N., Lamix, P.S., Naidu, K.R. Rao, K.R., S.S., Rao, S., reddy, K.J., Theriappan, P. and V asulu, S. 2005. Regulation of proline biosynthesis, degradation, uptake and transport in higher plants: Its implication in plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Current science. Vol, 88, No, 3, Pp. 424-438.
Kochert, G. 1978. Carbohydrate determination by phenol sulfuric acid method in: Helebust, J. A. CRAIG, J. S. (ed): Hard book of method. 56-97.
Koroi, S.A.A. 1989. Gel elektrophores tische and spektral photometris choe unter zomein der temperature auf straktur and aktrits der amylase und peroxidase isoenzyme, physiol veg. 20: 15-23.
Matta, A.J. and Giai, I. 1969. Accumulation of phenol in tomato plant in effected by different forms of Fusarium oxysporum. planta. 50: 512-513.
Meloni, D.A., Gulotta, M.R., Martinez, C.A., and Oliva, M.A., 2004. The effect of salt stress on growth, Nitrate reductions and proline and glycinebetaine accumulation in Prosopis alba. Barz. J. Plant Physiol. Vol. 16, No. 1.
Mittler R. 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science 7, 405–410
Naidu, B.P., Cameron, D.F., and Konduri, S. V., 2006. Improving drought tolerant of cotton by glycine betaine application and selection. The Australian agronomy conference
Noctor, G., Foyer, C.H. 1998. Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 49: 249–279
Pattannagul, W., and Modare, M.A., 1999. Water dificit effects on raffinose family oligosaccharide metabolism in coleus. Plant Phisiology, Vol, 121, Pp. 987-993.
Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J., Paganga, G. 1997. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in Plant Sciences 2: 152–159
Wilson, C., Shannon, M.C. 1995. Salt-induced Na+/H+ antiport in root plasma membrane of a glycophytic species of tomato. Plant Science 107, 147–157
Yancey, P.H., 2005. Organic osmolyte as compatible metabolic and counteracting cytoprotectant in high osmolarity and other stresses. Journal of experimental biology, 208, 2819-2830
Zhifang, G., Loescher, W.H., 2003. Expression of a celery mannose 6-phosphate reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances salt tolerance and induces biosynthesis of both mannitol and a glucosyl-mannitol dimmer. Plant Cell Environ. 26, 275–283.