بررسی اثر آلاینده‌های هوای شهر تهران بر سطح برگی، غلظت پرولین، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول و رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئیدها) در دو گیاه خرزهره L.) (Nerium oleander و اقاقیا (Robinia pseudo acacia L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکمهلقا قربانلی 1 , غلامرضا بخشی خانیکی2 2 , زینب باکند 3
1 - گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان
2 - گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران
3 - آموزش و پرورش منطقه 9 تهران
کلید واژه: پرولین, رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی, کربوهیدرات‌های محلول, اقاقیا, آلاینده‌های هوای تهران, خرزهره,
چکیده مقاله :
اثرات آلاینده‌های هوای شهر تهران بر سطح برگی، غلظت پرولین، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول و رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیلa، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئیدها) در اقاقیا و خرزهره موضوع این تحقیق بوده است. درابتدا با استفاده از اطلاعات سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست و اداره کنترل کیفیت هوا، پارک سرخه حصاربه عنوان محیط پاک و منطقه آزادی به عنوان محیط آلوده انتخاب و گیاهان مورد نظر از این دو منطقه برداشت شد. سطح برگی در ماه آبان (84) و خرداد (85) و غلظت پرولین، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول و میزان رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a و کلروفیل b و کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئیدها) در تیرماه (85) با روش اسپکتروفتومتری تعیین و مقایسه شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که آلودگی هوا باعث کاهش معنی‌دار سطح برگی در اقاقیا و خرزهره شد. همچنین آلودگی هوا باعث افزایش غلظت پرولین در دو گیاه اقاقیا و خرزهره شد. غلظت کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در اثر آلودگی هوا در اقاقیا کاهش و در خرزهره افزایش یافت و این تغییرات از نظر آماری معنی‌دار بود. نتایح این تحقیق نشان داد که در اثر آلودگی هوا میزان رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی شامل (کلروفیل a وb و کلروفیل کل و کارو تنوئیدها) در خرزهره بطور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت و در اقاقیا کلروفیل a و کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئیدها کاهش یافت که این کاهش در مورد کاروتنوئیدها معنی‌دار نبود و میزان کلروفیل b تغییر چندانی نکرد.
The effects of air pollutants in Tehran city on leaf area, proline concentration, soluble carbohydrates and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in acacia and persimmon were the subject of this research. At first, using the information of Environmental Protection Organization and Air Quality Control Department, Sorkheh Hesarbeh Park was selected as a clean environment and Azadi area as a polluted environment, and the desired plants were taken from these two areas. Leaf area in November (84) and June (85) and concentration of proline, soluble carbohydrates and amount of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in July (85) were determined and compared by spectrophotometric method. The results of this research showed that air pollution caused a significant decrease in the leaf area in acacia and persimmon. Also, air pollution increased the concentration of proline in two plants, Acacia and Persimmon. Due to air pollution, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates decreased in acacia and increased in persimmon, and these changes were statistically significant. The results of this research showed that as a result of air pollution, the amount of photosynthetic pigments including (chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll and carotenoids) increased significantly in date palm, and in acacia chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased, this decrease is significant in the case of carotenoids. and the amount of chlorophyll b did not change much.
مقیسه.ا، (1380) بررسی اثر شوری بر چند جنبه فیزولوژیکی دو رقم کلزا پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال به راهنمایی دکتر مه لقا قربانلی
Ashmore, MR (2000) Effects of oxidants at the whole plant and community level, In: Air pollution and plant life. Bell,J.N.B.Treshow. M, John Wiley &sons, Ltd.
Battes. S, Waldren. RP, Teare. ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies, Plant and Soil, 29:205-207
Breusgem. FV, Vranova.E,Dat.JF, Inze.D (2001) The role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction. plant science. 161,405-414
Dammgen. U, Weigel. HJ (1998) Trends in atmospheric composition (nutrients and pollutants) and their interaction with agroecosystems. In Sustainable Agriculture for food. Energy and Industry:Strategy towards Achievement. El Bassam. N Behl. R. Prochnow. B, eds. (James and James), 85- 93
Dugger. WM, Ting. IP (1970) Air pollution oxidants –their effects on metabolic processes in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 21:215-34
Fales.FW (1951) The assimilation and degradation of carbohydrates by yeast cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 193:113-124
Fleschin. S, Fleschin. M, Nita. S, Pavel. E, Mageara. V (2000) Free radicals mediated Protein oxidation in biochemistry.Roum Biothechnol, Lett. 5(6), 479-495
Heath. RL (1980) Initial events in injury to Plants by air pollutants.Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 31: 395-431
Jindal. V, Atwal. A, Sekhon. BS, Singh. R (1993) Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on metabolism of plant under NaCl salinity. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry , 31:475-481
Jager. HJ, Unsworth. MH, De Temmerman. L, and Mathy. P (eds) (1993) Effects of Air Pollution on Agricultural Crops in Europe. Air Pollution Research Report 46, Commission of the European Communities
Kameli. A, Losel. DM. (1993) Carbohydrates and water stress in wheat plants under water stress. New pytologist 125(3). 609-614
Keller.F, Ludlow (1993) Carbohydrates metabolism in drought – stressed leaves of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajana).J. of Experimental Botany, Vol. 44. NO. 265. 1351-1359
Kovar. M.O. Lsovska. K, Dragunova. M,D anko. J, Brestic. M (2001) Genotypic variation in proline content and osmotic adjustment for drought tolerance in Barley plants Journal Central European Agriculture, September.
Kohut.RJ (1984) The effects of SO2 and O3 on plant In : Sulfur Dioxie and Vegetation , Winner. W.E Mooney ,H.A. Goldsterin. R.A. eds (Stanford : Stanford University Press).296-312
Kulshreshtha.K, Srivastava. K, and Ahmad. KJ (1994) Effect of automobile exhaust pollution on leaf surface structures of Calotropis procera L. and Nerium indicum L. Feddes Repertorium 105:185-189
Langebartels. C, Kerner.K, Leonardi. S, Schraudner. M, Trost. M (1991) Biochemical plant responses to ozone. I. Differential induction of polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis in tobacco. PlantPhysiol.95:882-89
Larcher. W. (2003) Physiological Plant Ecology and stress physiology of Functional Groups. Spriger- Verlag, 513
Laurence. JA, Weinstein. LH (1981) Effects of air pollutants on plant productivity. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 19:257-71
Levitt. J (1980) Salt and ion stresses respons of plant to environmental stresses Academic press New york vol II P:365-488
Lichtenthaler. H.K (1987) Chlorophylls and Carotenoids :Pigments of Photosynthetic biomembranes Methods in Enzymology 148:350-380
Mansfield. TA, McCune. D.C. (1988) Problems of crop loss assessment when thre is exposure to two or more gaseous pollutants In: Assessment of Crop loss from Airpollutants Heck, W.W, Taylor. O.C. Tingey. D.T.eds (London :Elsevier Applied Science), 317-344
Marzoak.B M, Zarro. uk, Cheri.A (1990) Glycerolipid biosynthesis in eipening Olive frats. P 228-230 In P.j. Quinn and G.L.
Naidoo. G and Chirkoot. D (2004) The effects of coal dust on photosynthetic performance of the mangrove, Avicennia marine in Richards Bay, South Africa. Environmental Pollution 127:359-366.)
Oka. E, Yuko. T, Takeshi. O, Noriaki. K (2003) A Physiological and morphological study on the injury caused by exposure to the air pollutant , peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN),Based on the quantitative assessment of the injury. the Botanical Society of Japan and Springer Verlag Tokyo
Ormrod.DP (1982) Air pollutant interaction in mixture In: Effects of Gaseous Air pollutants in Agriculture and Horticulture. Unsworth, M. H. Ormrod. DP. Eds (Butterworth: London). 307-311
Pell. EJ, Schlagnhaufer. C.D, Arteca. RN (1997) Ozone-induced oxidative stress:Mechanisms of action and reaction, physiologia plantarum.100:264-273
Rhodes. D (1987) Metabolic responses to stress. In the biochemistry of Plant (Davies ed) vol:12 Academic press. New York 201-241
Reinert. R.A. (1984) Plant response to air pollutant mixtures. Annu. Rev.Phytopathol. 22:421-42
Runeckles V. C (1984) Impact of air pollutant combinations on plants In: Air polution and plant life, Treshow, M, ed , (NewYork:John Wiley &sons), 239-285
Sandermann.Jr H, Ernst. D, Heller.W, Langebartels. C. (1998) Ozone: an abiotic elicitor of plant defence reactions. -Trends Plant Sci. 3: 47-50.
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مقیسه.ا، (1380) بررسی اثر شوری بر چند جنبه فیزولوژیکی دو رقم کلزا پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال به راهنمایی دکتر مه لقا قربانلی
Ashmore, MR (2000) Effects of oxidants at the whole plant and community level, In: Air pollution and plant life. Bell,J.N.B.Treshow. M, John Wiley &sons, Ltd.
Battes. S, Waldren. RP, Teare. ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies, Plant and Soil, 29:205-207
Breusgem. FV, Vranova.E,Dat.JF, Inze.D (2001) The role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction. plant science. 161,405-414
Dammgen. U, Weigel. HJ (1998) Trends in atmospheric composition (nutrients and pollutants) and their interaction with agroecosystems. In Sustainable Agriculture for food. Energy and Industry:Strategy towards Achievement. El Bassam. N Behl. R. Prochnow. B, eds. (James and James), 85- 93
Dugger. WM, Ting. IP (1970) Air pollution oxidants –their effects on metabolic processes in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 21:215-34
Fales.FW (1951) The assimilation and degradation of carbohydrates by yeast cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 193:113-124
Fleschin. S, Fleschin. M, Nita. S, Pavel. E, Mageara. V (2000) Free radicals mediated Protein oxidation in biochemistry.Roum Biothechnol, Lett. 5(6), 479-495
Heath. RL (1980) Initial events in injury to Plants by air pollutants.Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 31: 395-431
Jindal. V, Atwal. A, Sekhon. BS, Singh. R (1993) Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on metabolism of plant under NaCl salinity. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry , 31:475-481
Jager. HJ, Unsworth. MH, De Temmerman. L, and Mathy. P (eds) (1993) Effects of Air Pollution on Agricultural Crops in Europe. Air Pollution Research Report 46, Commission of the European Communities
Kameli. A, Losel. DM. (1993) Carbohydrates and water stress in wheat plants under water stress. New pytologist 125(3). 609-614
Keller.F, Ludlow (1993) Carbohydrates metabolism in drought – stressed leaves of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajana).J. of Experimental Botany, Vol. 44. NO. 265. 1351-1359
Kovar. M.O. Lsovska. K, Dragunova. M,D anko. J, Brestic. M (2001) Genotypic variation in proline content and osmotic adjustment for drought tolerance in Barley plants Journal Central European Agriculture, September.
Kohut.RJ (1984) The effects of SO2 and O3 on plant In : Sulfur Dioxie and Vegetation , Winner. W.E Mooney ,H.A. Goldsterin. R.A. eds (Stanford : Stanford University Press).296-312
Kulshreshtha.K, Srivastava. K, and Ahmad. KJ (1994) Effect of automobile exhaust pollution on leaf surface structures of Calotropis procera L. and Nerium indicum L. Feddes Repertorium 105:185-189
Langebartels. C, Kerner.K, Leonardi. S, Schraudner. M, Trost. M (1991) Biochemical plant responses to ozone. I. Differential induction of polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis in tobacco. PlantPhysiol.95:882-89
Larcher. W. (2003) Physiological Plant Ecology and stress physiology of Functional Groups. Spriger- Verlag, 513
Laurence. JA, Weinstein. LH (1981) Effects of air pollutants on plant productivity. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 19:257-71
Levitt. J (1980) Salt and ion stresses respons of plant to environmental stresses Academic press New york vol II P:365-488
Lichtenthaler. H.K (1987) Chlorophylls and Carotenoids :Pigments of Photosynthetic biomembranes Methods in Enzymology 148:350-380
Mansfield. TA, McCune. D.C. (1988) Problems of crop loss assessment when thre is exposure to two or more gaseous pollutants In: Assessment of Crop loss from Airpollutants Heck, W.W, Taylor. O.C. Tingey. D.T.eds (London :Elsevier Applied Science), 317-344
Marzoak.B M, Zarro. uk, Cheri.A (1990) Glycerolipid biosynthesis in eipening Olive frats. P 228-230 In P.j. Quinn and G.L.
Naidoo. G and Chirkoot. D (2004) The effects of coal dust on photosynthetic performance of the mangrove, Avicennia marine in Richards Bay, South Africa. Environmental Pollution 127:359-366.)
Oka. E, Yuko. T, Takeshi. O, Noriaki. K (2003) A Physiological and morphological study on the injury caused by exposure to the air pollutant , peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN),Based on the quantitative assessment of the injury. the Botanical Society of Japan and Springer Verlag Tokyo
Ormrod.DP (1982) Air pollutant interaction in mixture In: Effects of Gaseous Air pollutants in Agriculture and Horticulture. Unsworth, M. H. Ormrod. DP. Eds (Butterworth: London). 307-311
Pell. EJ, Schlagnhaufer. C.D, Arteca. RN (1997) Ozone-induced oxidative stress:Mechanisms of action and reaction, physiologia plantarum.100:264-273
Rhodes. D (1987) Metabolic responses to stress. In the biochemistry of Plant (Davies ed) vol:12 Academic press. New York 201-241
Reinert. R.A. (1984) Plant response to air pollutant mixtures. Annu. Rev.Phytopathol. 22:421-42
Runeckles V. C (1984) Impact of air pollutant combinations on plants In: Air polution and plant life, Treshow, M, ed , (NewYork:John Wiley &sons), 239-285
Sandermann.Jr H, Ernst. D, Heller.W, Langebartels. C. (1998) Ozone: an abiotic elicitor of plant defence reactions. -Trends Plant Sci. 3: 47-50.