بررسی برخی صفات رشدی ریشه و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدان‌های آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی ارقام مختلف گندم دوروم (Triticum turgidum var. durum) تحت تاثیر کود فسفر و قارچ مایکوریزا در شرایط دیم
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
هوشنگ ناصری راد
1
,
رحیم ناصری
2
1 - بخش کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی3697-19395 تهران، ایران
2 - گروه تکنولوژی تولیدات گیاهی، آموزشکده فنی مهندسی و کشاورزی دهلران، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
کلید واژه: مالون دی آلدئید, سوپراکسیددسموتاز, تراکم طول ریشه, محتوی آب ریشه, گلوتاتیون سنتتاز,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تاثیر قارچ مایکوریزا و کود فسفر بر برخی ویژگی های رشدی ریشه و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی گندم دوروم در شرایط دیم، آزمایشی مزرعه ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه ی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله در سال زراعی 98-1397 انجام شد. چهار رقم گندم دوروم (دهدشت، ذهاب، ساورز و ساجی) به عنوان فاکتور اول و پنج سطح منبع کودی (عدم مصرف کود، 25 و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر، قارچ مایکوریزا (GM) و ترکیب قارچ مایکوریزا +25 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر) به‌عنوان فاکتور دوم در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثرات ساده نشان داد که در بین ارقام، رقم های ذهاب و ساجی و در بین منابع کودی، تیمار ترکیبی مایکوریزا + 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود فسفر و پس از آن 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار فسفر بیشترین تاثیر را در بهبود صفات مورد مطالعه داشتند. اثر متقابل رقم و منابع کودی مشخص نمود که استفاده تلفیقی از کود فسفر و قارچ مایکوریزا نتایج بهتری در مقایسه با کاربرد آنها به تنهایی دارد. به طوریکه بیشترین وزن‌تر و خشک، تراکم طول و محتوی آب ریشه و فعالیت آسکوربات پراکسیداز، پراکسیداز، کاتالاز، سوپراکسیددسموتاز و گلوتاتیون سنتتاز از تیمار تلفیقی مایکوریزا و کود فسفر و در اقام ذهاب و ساجی حاصل شد. اگرچه، کمترین طول مخصوص ریشه، فعالیت مالون دی‌آلدئید و پراکسید هیدروژن در همین تیمار و ارقام به دست آمد. به‌طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح با قارچ مایکوریزا در شرایط دیم به ویژه در ارقام ذهاب و ساجی علاوه بر کاهش مقدار کاربرد کود شیمیایی فسفره می تواند از طریق بهبود ویژگی های رشدی ریشه و به دنبال آن افزایش فعالیت آنتی اکسیدان های آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی باعث کاهش پراکسیداسیون لیپیدهای غشاء (کاهش تولید مالون دی آلدئید و پراکسید هیدروژن) و در نتیجه افزایش تحمل به تنش خشکی شود.
In order to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorous fertilizer on some root growth traits and activity of enzyme and nonenzyme antioxidants of durum wheat in rainfed conditions, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Sarableh Agricultural Research station during growing season 2018-2019. Four cultivars of durum wheat (Dehdasht, Zahab, Savarz and Saji) as the first factor and five levels of fertilizer source (control, 25 and 50 kg.ha-1 P, mycorrhizal fungi (GM), mycorrhizal fungi + 25 kg.ha-1 P) as the second factor were considered. The average comparison results of simple effects indicated that Zahab and Saji cultivars among cultivars and combination treatment of mycorrhizal + 25 kg / ha P and then 50 kg / ha P had the greatest effect on improving the studied traits. The interaction effect of cultivars and fertilizer sources revealed that the combined use of phosphorous fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi had better results compared to their use alone. So that, the highest fresh and dry weight, length density, and root water content and activity of ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione synthetase was obtained in combined treatment of mycorrhizal and phosphorus fertilizer at Zahab and Saji cultivars. However, the lowest specific root length, and malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide activity were obtained in the same treatment and cultivars. In general, the results showed that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi in rainfed conditions, especially in Zahab and Saji cultivars, in addition to reducing the application of phosphorus fertilizer can improve root growth characteristics and activity of enzyme and nonenzyme antioxidants. As a result, it reduces the peroxidation of membrane lipids (the decline in production of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) and increases drought stress tolerance.
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Abaye, A.O., Brann, D.E., Alley, M.M. and Griffey, C.A. (1997). Winter durum wheat: Do we have all the answer. Crop Soil Environment Science. 424-802.
Adhya, T.K., Kumar, N., Reddy, G., Podile, A.R., Bee, H. and Samantaray, B. (2015). Microbial mobilization of soil phosphorus and sustainable P management in agricultural soils. Current Science. 108: 1280–1287.
Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology. 105: 121-126.
Agarwal, S. and Pandy, V. (2004). Antioxidant enzyme responses to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia. Biologia Plantarum. 48: 555-560.
Alguacil, M., Caravaca, F., Dı´az-Vivancos, P., Herna´ndez, J.A. and Roldan, A. (2006). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae and induced drought stress on antioxidant enzyme and nitrate reductase activities in niperus oxycedrus L. grown in a composted sewage sludge-amended semi-arid soil. Plant and Soil. 279: 209–218.
Aroca, R., Porcel, R. and Ruiz Lozano, J.M. (2007). How does arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis regulate root hydraulic properties and plasma membrane aquaporins in Phaseolus vulgaris under drought, cold or salinity stresses?. New Phytologist. 173: 808–816.
Attarzadeh, M., Balouchi, H., Rajaie, M. and Movahhedi Dehnavi, M. (2019). Growth and nutrient content of Echinacea purpurea as affected by the combination of phosphorus with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and Pseudomonas florescent bacterium under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Environmental Management. 231: 182–188.
Augé, R.M. (2004). Arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil/plant water relations. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 84: 373–381.
Augé, R.M., Toler, H.D., Moore, J.L., Cho, K. and Saxton, A.M. (2007). Comparing contributions of soil versus root colonization to variations in stomatal behavior and soil drying in mycorrhizal Sorghum bicolor and Cucurbita pepo. Journal of Plant Physiology. 164:1289–1299.
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Bayani, R., Saateyi, A. and Faghani, E. (2016). Some root traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by mycorrhizal symbiosis under drought stress. Journal of Crop production and processing. 6(19):125-135.
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Bompadre, M.J., Silvani, V.A., Bidondo, L.F., Ríosde Molina, M.D.C., Colombo, R.P., Pardo, A.G. and Godeas, A.M. (2014). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate oxidative stress in pomegranate plants growing under different irrigation conditions. Botany. 92: 187–193.
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Erdogan, U., Cakmakci, R., Varmazyari, A., Turan, M., Erdogan, Y. and Kitir, N. (2016). Role of inoculation with multi-trait rhizobacteria on strawberries under water deficit stress. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture. 103(1): 67–76.
Evelin, H., Kapoor, R. and Giri, B. (2009). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review. Annals of Botany. 104:1263–1280.
Fadaee, E., Parvizi, Y., Gerdakane, M. and Khan-ahmadi, M. (2018). The effects of mycorhiza (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradiceae) and phosphorus on growth and phytochemical traits of dracocephalum moldavica l. under drought stress. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 17(66): 117-130.
Gholinezhad, E., Darvishzadeh, R., Siavash Moghaddam, S. and Popovi ć-Djordjević, J. (2020). Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation in reducing water stress in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): The assessment of agrobiochemical traits and enzymatic antioxidant activity. Agricultural Water Management. 238: 106234.
Hasanabadi, T., Ardakani, M.R., Rejali, F., Paknejad, F., Eftekhari, S.A. and Zargari K. (2010). Response of barley root characters to co-inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum and Pseudomonas flouresence under different levels of nitrogen. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science. 9(2): 156-162.
Hegazi, A.M., El-Shraiy, A.M. and Ghoname, A.A. (2017). Mitigation of salt stress negative effects on sweet pepper using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Bacillus megaterium and Brassinosteroids (BRs). Gesunde Pflanzen. 69: 91–102.
Heydari, A., Nasri, M. and Ghoshchi, F. (2014). The study of Symbiotic of mycorrhizae and phosphorus fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn in Robat karim region. Agronomic Research in Semi Desert Regions. 11: 161-170.
Jaleel, C.A., Riadh, K., Gopi, R., Manivannan, P., Inès, J., AI-Juburi, H.J., Zhao, C.X., Shao, H.B. and Panneerselvam, R. (2009). Antioxidant defense responses: physiological plasticity in higher plants under abiotic constraints. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 31:427–436.
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