تأثیر تنش خشکی و سلنیوم بر برخی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژی گیاه بالنگوی شهری (Lallemantia iberica L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
معصومه عامریان
1
(گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،
دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
علی رضا زبرجدی
2
(گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،
دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
جوانه السادات محرابی
3
(گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،
دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
کلید واژه: عملکرد بذر, سلنات‌سدیم, فلورسانس کلروفیل برگ و هدایت روزنه‌ای,
چکیده مقاله :
سلنیوم یک عنصر غذایی مهم برای حیوانات و انسان است که در بسیاری از گونه‌های گیاهی نیز نقش مؤثری دارد. نقش مثبت سلنیوم در کاهش اثر تنش‌های محیطی مختلف بر گیاهان مورد تأیید قرار گرفته است. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر سلنیوم بر برخی شاخص‌های رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی بالنگوی شهری (Lallemantia iberica L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی می‌باشد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه اجرا گردید. فاکتور اول شامل سطوح مختلف رطوبت (آبیاری کامل، 25، 50 و 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و فاکتور دوم شامل غلظت‌های مختلف سلنیوم (صفر، 5 و 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سلنات‌سدیم) بود. محلول‌پاشی برگی سلنات‌سدیم طی دو مرحله انجام شد. سلنیوم برخلاف تنش خشکی، وزن خشک ساقه و برگ، طول گل‌آذین و میزان نسبی آب برگ را افزایش داد. در شرایط تنش خشکی، سلنیوم موجب افزایش ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد شاخه، وزن تر ساقه، تعداد برگ و وزن تر برگ شد. سلنیوم عملکرد بیولوژیکی، وزن خشک گل‌آذین، تعداد گل، وزن بذر در هر بوته، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد بذر را افزایش داد. سلنیوم بر هدایت روزنه‌ای، فلورسانس کلروفیل برگ و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز تأثیر مثبت داشت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد با محلول‌پاشی برگی سلنات‌سدیم می‌توان بر تنش خشکی غلبه کرده و از کاهش عملکرد بذر جلوگیری به‌عمل آورد. درنتیجه محلول‌پاشی 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سلنات‌سدیم برای کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در کشت گلخانه‌ای گیاه بالنگوی شهری قابل توصیه است.
In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and different levels of selenium on growth and physiological characteristics of the Dragons head (Lallemantia iberica L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at Razi University Research Greenhouse. Experimental treatments consisted of different levels of humidity levels (full irrigation, 25%, 50% and 75% field capacity) and the second factor contained different concentrations of selenium (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 sodium selenate). Foliar application of sodium selenate was performed in two stages. According to the results, drought stress had a negative effect on stem and leaf dry weight, inflorescence fresh weight, inflorescence length and leaf relative water content. Selenium increased shoot and leaf dry weight, inflorescence length and leaf relative water content. Under drought stress, selenium increased plant height, shoot number, stem fresh weight, leaf number and leaf fresh weight. Selenium increased biological yield, inflorescence dry weight, number of flowers, seed weight per plant, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. Selenium had a positive effect on stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves. As a result, foliar application of sodium selenate can overcome drought stress and prevents reduce in seed yield. The increase in seed yield in Dragons head may be related to increase in number of flowers per inflorescence, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. Therefore, under drought stress, foliar application of sodium selenate in two stages can prevent or reduce seed yield by reducing the effects of drought stress. Therefore, foliar application of 10 mg L-1 sodium selenate is recommended to reduce the effects of drought stress on the cultivation of Dragons head.
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Abbasi, A., Lotfi, R. and Janmohammadi, M. (2018). Response of antioxidant defense mechanism and wheat yield changes to drought stress with application of different concentrations of nano-silicone and nano-titanium. Iranian Journal of Dryland Agriculture. 7(1): 101-79. (In Persian)
Adnan, M. (2020). Application of selenium A useful way to mitigate drought stress; A review. Open Access Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Biosciences Science and Reseaech. 3(1). 1-4.
Alves, L.R., Prado, E.R., Oliveira, R., Santos, E.F., Lemos de Souza, I., Dos Reis, A.R., Azevedo, R.A. and Gratão, P.L. (2020). Mechanisms of cadmium-stress avoidance by selenium in tomato plant. Ecotoxicology 29(5): 594–606.
Azad, M., Rostami, M., Ghabooli, M. and Movahhedi, Z. (2018). Effect of salinity stress and salicylic acid on physiological characteristics of Lallemantia royleana. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology). 31(2): 259-307. (In Persian)
Batool, H., Tahir, A., Fang, X. and Yasmin, T. (2021). Impact of early ephemeral and terminal drought on the grain yield of the naked oat (Avena Nuda L.). The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 31(3): 868-876.
Bergmeyer, H.U. (1970). Methods of enzymatic analysis. Akademie Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp, 636-647.
Borbély, P., Molnár, A., Valyon, E., Ördög, A., Horváth-Boros, K., Csupor, D., Fehér, A. and Kolbert, Z. (2021). The effect of foliar selenium (Se) treatment on growth, photosynthesis, and oxidative-nitrosative signalling of Stevia rebaudiana leaves. Antioxidants. 10(1): 1-18.
Borna, F., Nazeri, V., Ghaziani, F. and Shokrpour, M. (2021). Morphological and physiological response of some Iranian ecotypes of Leonurus cardiac L. to drought stress. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research. 4(3): 37-50.
Davoudi, A.R., MirShekari, B., Shirvani Rad, A.H., FrhVash, F. and Rashidi, V. (2016). Investigate the effect of selenium application on quantity and quality of oil yield in canola cultivars under delayed planting conditions. Crop Physiology Journal. 31(8): 129-143. (In Persian)
Dawood, M.G., Sadak, M.S., Bakry, B.A. and Kheder, H.H. (2020). Effect of glutathione and/or selenium levels on growth, yield, and some biochemical constituents of some wheat cultivars grown under sandy soil conditions. Bulletin of the National Research Centre. 44(158): 1-11.
Ei, H.H., Zheng, T., Farooq, M.U., Zeng, R., Yang, S., Yujie, Z., Yuanke, L., Zhichen, T., Ye, X., Jia, X. and Zhu, J. (2020). Impact of selenium, zinc and their interaction on key enzymes, grain yield, selenium, zinc concentrations, and seedling vigor of biofortified rice. Environmental Science and Pollution Research|. 27, 16940–16949.
Farsi, M., Abdollahi, F., Salehi, A. and Ghasemi, Sh. (2020). Physiological response of medicinal plant, marjoram (Origanum majorana) to methyl jasmonate in drought stress conditions. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology). 33(3): 674-688. (In Persian)
Gao, Sh., Wanga, Y., Yua, Sh., Huanga, Y., Liua, H., Chena, W. and Hea, X. (2020). Effects of drought stress on growth, physiology and secondary metabolites of Two Adonis species in Northeast China. Scientia Horticulturae. 259: 108795.
Gouveia, G.C.C., Galindo, F.Sh., Lanza Maria, M.G.D.B., Silva, A.C.d.R., Mateus, M.P.d.B., Silva, M.S.d., Tavanti, R.F.R., Tavanti, T.R., Lavresc, J. and Reis, A.R.d. (2020). Selenium toxicity stress-induced phenotypical, biochemical and physiological responses in rice plants: Characterization of symptoms and plant metabolic adjustment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 202:110916.
Habibi, Gh. (2013). Effect of drought stress and selenium spraying on photosynthesis and antioxidant activity of spring barley. Acta agriculturae Slovenica. 101(1): 31–39.
Heydari, Sh. and Pirzad, A.R. (2020). Mycorrhizal Fungi and Thiobacillus Co-inoculation Improve the physiological indices of Lallemantia iberica under salinity stress. Current Microbiology. 77(9): 2523–2534.
Hosseinzadeh, M.H., Ghalavand, A., Mashhadi-Akbar Boojar, M., Modarres-Sanavy, S.A.M. and Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. (2021). Application of manure and biofertilizer to improve soil properties and increase grain yield, essential oil and ω3 of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) under drought stress. Soil & Tillage Research. 205, 104633.
Huang, H., Li, M., Rizwan, M., Dai, Z., Yuan, Y., Hossain, M.M., Cao, M., Xiong, S. and Tu, S. (2021). Synergistic effect of silicon and selenium on the alleviation of cadmium toxicity in rice plants. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 401(1): 123393.
Huang, H., Mei, L., Muhammad, R., Zhihua, D., Yuan, Y., Md Muzammel, H., Menghua, C., Shuanglian, X. and Shuxin, T. (2021). Synergistic effect of silicon and selenium on the alleviation of cadmium toxicity in rice plants. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 401:123393.
Izadi Darbandi, E. and Bakhsh Mohamadnejad, R. (2016). Investigation the feasibility of chemical weed control in Balangu (Lallemanti aroyleana Benth). Weed Research Journal. 8(1): 1-12. (In Persian)
Javadipour, Z., Movahhedi Dehnavi, M. and Balouchi, H.R. (2013). Evaluation of photosynthesis parameters, chlorophyll content and fluorescence of safflower cultivars under saline condition. Journal of Crop Production 6(2): 35-56. (In Persian)
Jawad Hassan, M., Ali Raza, M., Khan, I., Ahmad Meraj, T., Ahmed, M., Abbas Shah, G., Ansar, M., Awan, S.A., Khan, N., Iqbal, N., Peng, Y. and Li, Z. (2020). Selenium and salt interactions in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L): Ion uptake, antioxidant defense system, and photochemistry efficiency. Plants. 9(4): 1-16.
Karami, M.J., Eshghi, S. and Tafazoli, E. (2017). Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in yaghooti grapevine under heat stress conditions in greenhouse and vineyard. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 18(3): 237-250. (In Persian)
Karimzadeh, H., Nezami, A., Kafi, M. and Tadayon, M. (2016). Investigation of changes in stomatal conductivity, canopy temperature and relative leaf water content of pinto bean genotypes. Crop Physiology Journal. 30(8): 105-120. (In Persian)
Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M. and Azizi, G. (2006). The effect of different irrigation intervals and plant densities on yield and yield components of two fennel (Foenicolum vulgare) landraces. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 4(1): 131-140. (In Persian)
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