تاثیر تنش شوری بر مشخصه‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی برخی ژنوتیپ‌های انار
محورهای موضوعی : تنشساره صباحی 1 , اعظم جعفری 2 , علی مومن پور 3 , مصطفی شیرمردی 4
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران،
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران،
3 - مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران،
4 - گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه اردکان، یزد. ایران
کلید واژه: نشت یونی, پایه, Punica granatum, ژنوتیپ چاه افضل, مشخصه‌های فیزیولوژیک و مورفولوژیک,
چکیده مقاله :
انار یکی از مهمترین محصولات باغی است که در بسیاری از نقاط گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری دنیا کشت می شود. در برخی باغات انار، تنش شوری یکی از مهمترین تنش های غیر زیستی است که با کاهش بهره وری به تولید انار آسیب می رساند. این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه مشخصه های رشدی بین ژنوتیپ های انتخابی شامل (1- ژنوتیپ چاه افضل، 2- وحشی بابلسر، 3- نرک لاسجرد سمنان 4- پوست سیاه یزد، 5- ملس یزدی، 6- رباب نیریز) تحت تنش شوری، در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در منطقه چاه افضل شهرستان اردکان انجام شد. در طول مدت این آزمایش درختان با آب شور 5/0±9 دسی زیمنس بر متر هر 12 روز یک بار به صورت غرقابی آبیاری شدند. براساس نتایج این پژوهش و با توجه به کمترین میزان نشت یونی، بالاترین محتوای رطوبت نسبی و پتاسیم، مقدار بالای کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید و نسبت سطح برگ، کمترین نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم و درصد نکروزگی ژنوتیپ چاه افضل بیشترین سازگاری را نسبت به شرایط شوری داشت و پس از آن ژنوتیپ و ارقام پوست سیاه، وحشی بابلسر، نرک لاسجرد، ملس یزدی و در نهایت رباب نیریز قرار داشتند. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه خوشه ای بیشترین شباهت بین ژنوتیپ ها براساس پارامترهای ذکر شده در بالا بین ژنوتیپ نرک لاسجرد و ملس یزدی بود. بالاترین تفاوت بین ژنوتیپ چاه افضل با سایر ژنوتیپ ها مشاهده شد که این امر تفاوت معنی دار برتری ژنوتیپ چاه افضل نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ ها در بررسی مجموع صفات را نشان می دهد. در مجموع با توجه به سازگاری و رشد مناسب این ژنوتیپ ها در شرایط شور پیشنهاد می گردد به عنوان پایه مورد استفاده قرار گیرند و ارقام ملس یزدی و رباب نیریز که در شرایط شور نیز تولید گل و میوه داشتند روی آن‌ها پیوند زده شوند.
Pomegranate is one of the most important horticultural products that cultivated in many tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Meanwhile, in some pomegranate orchards, salinity stress is one of the abiotic stresses that harm agricultural crops such as pomegranate production by reducing productivity. This research aims to compare growth characteristics between selected genotypes including 1- Chah Afzal 2- Vahshi Babolsar, 3- Narak Lasjerd Semnan 4- Poost Siahe Yazd, 5- Malase Yazdi, 6- Rababe Neyriz, under salinity stress, in a randomized complete block design with three replicaions at Chah Afzal research station of Ardakan city. During the whole experiment, the trees were irrigated with saline water with salinity of 9 ± 0.5 dS/m every 12 days. Based on the results of this research and considering the lowest amount of ion leakage, the highest content of relative humidity and potassium, the high amount of total chlorophyll, carotenoid and leaf surface ratio, the lowest sodium to potassium ratio and necrosis percentage Chah Afzal genotype showed very good resistance to salinity conditions, followed by Poost Siahe Yazd, Vahshi Babolsar, Narak Lasjerd, Malase Yazdi and finally Rababe Neyriz were highly sensitive to salinity. According to the results of cluster analysis, the highest similarity between genotypes based on the parameters mentioned above was between the Narak Lasjerd and Malase Yazdi. The highest difference between Chah Afzal genotype and other genotypes was registered. This shows a significant difference in the superiority of Chah Afzal genotype over other genotypes in total traits. Therefore, due to the compatibility and proper growth of these genotypes in saline conditions, it is suggested that they could be used as a rootstock and the cvs. Malase Yazdi and Rababe Neyriz, which also produced flowers and fruits in saline conditions, can be grafted on them.
Bandeoğlu, E., Eyidoğan, F., Yücel, M. and Öktem, H.A. (2004). Antioxidant responses of shoots and roots of lentil to NaCl-salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 42(1): 69-77.
Borochov-Neori, H., Judeinstein, S., Tripler, E., Holland, D. and Lazarovitch, N. (2014). Salinity effects on colour and health traits in the pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peel. International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation. 4(1): 54-68.
Dichala, O., Giannakoula, A.E. and Ioannis Therios, I. (2022). Effect of Salinity on Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Leaves in Three Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Cultivars. Applied sciences.
El-Agamy, S.Z., Mostafa, R.A., Shaaban, M.M. and El-Mahdy, M.T. (2010). In vitro salt and drought tolerance of Manfalouty and Nab El-Gamal pomegranate cultivars. Australian journal of basic and applied sciences. 4(6): 1076- 1082.
Farooqi, A.H.A., Kumar, R., Fatima, S. and Sharma, S. (2000). Response of different genotypes of lemongrasses (Cymbopogon flexuosus and C. pendulus) to water stress. Journal of Plant Biology. 27: 277–282.
Fipps, G. (2003). Irrigation water quality standards and salinity management strategies. Texas FARMER Collection.
Glozer, K. and Ferguson, L. (2008). Pomegranate production in Afghanistan. UCDAVIS College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences.
Hasanpour, Z., Karimi, H.R. and Mirdehghan, S.H. (2015). Effects of salinity and water stress on echophysiological parameters and micronutrients concentration of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Journal of plant Nutrition. 38(5): 795-807.
Ibrahim, H.I. (2016). Tolerance of two pomegranates cultivars (Punica granatum L.) to salinity stress under hydroponic culture conditions. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research. 6(4): 38-46.
Iqbal, S., Basra, S.M., Afzal, I., Wahid, A., Saddiq, M.S., Hafeez, M.B., Jacobsen, S.E. (2019). Yield potential and salt tolerance of quinoa on salt-degraded soils of Pakistan. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 205: 13–21.
Jadidi, E., Tatari, M., Ghasemnezhad, M. and Salemi, H.R. (2020). Morphological and biochemical response of eight pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars under salinity stress. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research. 3(Special Issue-Abiotic and Biotic Stresses): 139- 152.
Jamaati Ardakani, Z. (2019). Evaluation of salinity tolerance of some ornamental, wild and commercial varieties of pomegranate for development in green areas. MSc. Thesis, Ardakan University.
Javaid, T., Farooq, M.A., Akhtar, J., Saqib, Z.A., Anwar-ul-Haq, M. (2019). Silicon nutrition improves growth of salt-stressed wheat by modulating flows and partitioning of Na+, Cl and mineral ions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 141: 291–299.
Karakas, B., Bianco, R.L. and Rieger, M. (2000). Association of marginal leaf scorch with sodium accumulation in salt-stressed peach. Hort Science. 35(1): 83- 84.
Karimi, H. R., and Hasanpour, Z. (2014). Effects of salinity and water stress on growth and macro nutrients concentration of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37(12), 1937-1951.
Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H. (2006). Partitioning of chlorine, sodium, and potassium and shoot growth of three pomegranate cultivars under different levels of salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 29(10): 1835-1843.
Lichtenthaler, H.K. (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology. 148(11): 350-382.
Liu, C.Y., Yan, M., Huang, X.B., and Yuan, Z.H. (2018). Efects of salt stress on growth and physiological characteristics of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cuttings. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 50:457–464.
Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M. and Bouharmont, J. (1995). Changes in plant response to NaCl during development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties differing in salinity resistance. Journal of Experimental Botany. 46(12): 1843- 1852.
Mahdavian, K. (2021). The study of the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid on improving physiological and biochemical properties of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) var. Akbari seedlings under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology. 16(62): 139-150.
Massai, R., Remorni, D. and Tattini, M. (2004). Gas exchange, water relations and osmotic adjustment in two scion/rootstock combinations of Prunus under various salinity concentrations. Journal of Plant and Soil Science. 259:153-162.
Mirjalili, S.A. (2016). Pomegranate: biodiversity and genetic resources, a review. Rostaniha. 17(1): 1- 18.
Munns, R., (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, cell & environment. 25(2): 239-250.
Momenpour, A., Imani, A., Bakhshi, D. and Akbarpour, E. (2018). Evaluation of salinity tolerance of some selected almond genotypes budded on GF677 rootstock. International Journal of Fruit Science. 18(4): 410-435.
Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, cell & environment. 25(2): 239-250.
Naeini, M. R. Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. and Fallahi, E. (2006). Partitioning of chlorine, sodium, and potassium and shoot growth of three pomegranate cultivars under different levels of salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 29 (10): 1835- 1843.
Naeini, M.R. Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H. Lessani, H. and Fallahi, E. (2005). Effects of sodium chloride-induced salinity on mineral nutrients and soluble sugars in three commercial cultivars of pomegranate. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 27(8): 1319- 1326.
Nematzadeh, Gh.A., Talebie, R., Khodarahmpour, Z. and Kiani, Gh. (2003). Study of genetic and geographical variation in rice (Oriza sativa L.) using physiological and agronomical traits. Iran. Journal Crop Science. 5(3): 225-234.
Olmo, A., Garcia-Sanchez, F., Simon, I., Lidon, V., Alfosea-Simon, M., Camara-Zapata, J. M. and Simon-Grao, S. (2019). Characterization of the ecophysiological responses of three pomegranate cultivars to salinity. Photosynthetica. 57(4): 1015- 1024.
Rahemi, M., Nagafian, Sh. and Tavallaie, V. (2008). Growth and chemical composition of hybrid GF677 influenced by salinity levels of irrigation water. Plant Sciences. 7(3): 309-313.
Salim, N., Raza, A. (2020). Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) for sustainable wheat production: A review. Journal Plant Nutrition. 43: 297–315.
Sarkhosh, A., Zamani, Z., Fatahi, R. and Ebadi, A. (2006). RAPD markers reveal polymorphism among some Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes. Scientia Horticulturae. 111(1): 24- 29.
Shabala, S. and Munns, R. (2012). Salinity stress: physiological constraints and adaptive mechanisms. Plant stress physiology. 1(1): 59- 93.
Stover, E.D. and Mercure, E.W. (2007). The pomegranate: a new look at the fruit of paradise. HortScience. 42 (5): 1088- 1092.
Sudhakar, C., Lakshmi, A. and Giridarakumar, S. (2001). Changes in the antioxidant enzyme efficacy in two high yielding genotypes of mulberry (Morus alba L.) under NaCl salinity. Plant Science. 161(3): 613-619.
Sun, Y., Niu, G., Masabni, J.G. and Ganjegunte, G. (2018). Relative salt tolerance of 22 pomegranate (Punica granatum) cultivars. HortScience. 53(10): 1513-1519.
Yadav, T., Kumar, A., Yadav, R., Yadav, G., Kumar, R., Kushwaha, M. (2020). Salicylic acid and thiourea mitigate the salinity and drought stress on physiological traits governing yield in pearl millet-wheat. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 27: 2010–2017.
Zahra, N., Mahmood, S., Raza, Z.A. (2018). Salinity stress on various physiological and biochemical attributes of two distinct maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 41:1368–1380.
ZaynaliNejad, K., Mirlohi, A.F., Nematzadeh, G. and Rezai, A. (2004). Genetic Diversity in some of Iranian Rice (Oriza sativa L.) Germplasm Base on Morphological Traits. JWSS. 7(4): 199-214.
Ziatabar Ahmadi, S.R., Seifi, E., Varasteh, F., Akbarpour, V. (2023). Evaluation of Salinity Tolerance of Cuttings in some Wild Genotypes, Local and Commercial Cultivars of Pomegranate in Greenhouse Conditions. Plant Productions. (In Press)
_||_Bandeoğlu, E., Eyidoğan, F., Yücel, M. and Öktem, H.A. (2004). Antioxidant responses of shoots and roots of lentil to NaCl-salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 42(1): 69-77.
Borochov-Neori, H., Judeinstein, S., Tripler, E., Holland, D. and Lazarovitch, N. (2014). Salinity effects on colour and health traits in the pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peel. International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation. 4(1): 54-68.
Dichala, O., Giannakoula, A.E. and Ioannis Therios, I. (2022). Effect of Salinity on Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Leaves in Three Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Cultivars. Applied sciences.
El-Agamy, S.Z., Mostafa, R.A., Shaaban, M.M. and El-Mahdy, M.T. (2010). In vitro salt and drought tolerance of Manfalouty and Nab El-Gamal pomegranate cultivars. Australian journal of basic and applied sciences. 4(6): 1076- 1082.
Farooqi, A.H.A., Kumar, R., Fatima, S. and Sharma, S. (2000). Response of different genotypes of lemongrasses (Cymbopogon flexuosus and C. pendulus) to water stress. Journal of Plant Biology. 27: 277–282.
Fipps, G. (2003). Irrigation water quality standards and salinity management strategies. Texas FARMER Collection.
Glozer, K. and Ferguson, L. (2008). Pomegranate production in Afghanistan. UCDAVIS College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences.
Hasanpour, Z., Karimi, H.R. and Mirdehghan, S.H. (2015). Effects of salinity and water stress on echophysiological parameters and micronutrients concentration of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Journal of plant Nutrition. 38(5): 795-807.
Ibrahim, H.I. (2016). Tolerance of two pomegranates cultivars (Punica granatum L.) to salinity stress under hydroponic culture conditions. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research. 6(4): 38-46.
Iqbal, S., Basra, S.M., Afzal, I., Wahid, A., Saddiq, M.S., Hafeez, M.B., Jacobsen, S.E. (2019). Yield potential and salt tolerance of quinoa on salt-degraded soils of Pakistan. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 205: 13–21.
Jadidi, E., Tatari, M., Ghasemnezhad, M. and Salemi, H.R. (2020). Morphological and biochemical response of eight pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars under salinity stress. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research. 3(Special Issue-Abiotic and Biotic Stresses): 139- 152.
Jamaati Ardakani, Z. (2019). Evaluation of salinity tolerance of some ornamental, wild and commercial varieties of pomegranate for development in green areas. MSc. Thesis, Ardakan University.
Javaid, T., Farooq, M.A., Akhtar, J., Saqib, Z.A., Anwar-ul-Haq, M. (2019). Silicon nutrition improves growth of salt-stressed wheat by modulating flows and partitioning of Na+, Cl and mineral ions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 141: 291–299.
Karakas, B., Bianco, R.L. and Rieger, M. (2000). Association of marginal leaf scorch with sodium accumulation in salt-stressed peach. Hort Science. 35(1): 83- 84.
Karimi, H. R., and Hasanpour, Z. (2014). Effects of salinity and water stress on growth and macro nutrients concentration of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37(12), 1937-1951.
Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H. (2006). Partitioning of chlorine, sodium, and potassium and shoot growth of three pomegranate cultivars under different levels of salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 29(10): 1835-1843.
Lichtenthaler, H.K. (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology. 148(11): 350-382.
Liu, C.Y., Yan, M., Huang, X.B., and Yuan, Z.H. (2018). Efects of salt stress on growth and physiological characteristics of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cuttings. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 50:457–464.
Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M. and Bouharmont, J. (1995). Changes in plant response to NaCl during development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties differing in salinity resistance. Journal of Experimental Botany. 46(12): 1843- 1852.
Mahdavian, K. (2021). The study of the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid on improving physiological and biochemical properties of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) var. Akbari seedlings under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology. 16(62): 139-150.
Massai, R., Remorni, D. and Tattini, M. (2004). Gas exchange, water relations and osmotic adjustment in two scion/rootstock combinations of Prunus under various salinity concentrations. Journal of Plant and Soil Science. 259:153-162.
Mirjalili, S.A. (2016). Pomegranate: biodiversity and genetic resources, a review. Rostaniha. 17(1): 1- 18.
Munns, R., (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, cell & environment. 25(2): 239-250.
Momenpour, A., Imani, A., Bakhshi, D. and Akbarpour, E. (2018). Evaluation of salinity tolerance of some selected almond genotypes budded on GF677 rootstock. International Journal of Fruit Science. 18(4): 410-435.
Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, cell & environment. 25(2): 239-250.
Naeini, M. R. Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. and Fallahi, E. (2006). Partitioning of chlorine, sodium, and potassium and shoot growth of three pomegranate cultivars under different levels of salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 29 (10): 1835- 1843.
Naeini, M.R. Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H. Lessani, H. and Fallahi, E. (2005). Effects of sodium chloride-induced salinity on mineral nutrients and soluble sugars in three commercial cultivars of pomegranate. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 27(8): 1319- 1326.
Nematzadeh, Gh.A., Talebie, R., Khodarahmpour, Z. and Kiani, Gh. (2003). Study of genetic and geographical variation in rice (Oriza sativa L.) using physiological and agronomical traits. Iran. Journal Crop Science. 5(3): 225-234.
Olmo, A., Garcia-Sanchez, F., Simon, I., Lidon, V., Alfosea-Simon, M., Camara-Zapata, J. M. and Simon-Grao, S. (2019). Characterization of the ecophysiological responses of three pomegranate cultivars to salinity. Photosynthetica. 57(4): 1015- 1024.
Rahemi, M., Nagafian, Sh. and Tavallaie, V. (2008). Growth and chemical composition of hybrid GF677 influenced by salinity levels of irrigation water. Plant Sciences. 7(3): 309-313.
Salim, N., Raza, A. (2020). Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) for sustainable wheat production: A review. Journal Plant Nutrition. 43: 297–315.
Sarkhosh, A., Zamani, Z., Fatahi, R. and Ebadi, A. (2006). RAPD markers reveal polymorphism among some Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes. Scientia Horticulturae. 111(1): 24- 29.
Shabala, S. and Munns, R. (2012). Salinity stress: physiological constraints and adaptive mechanisms. Plant stress physiology. 1(1): 59- 93.
Stover, E.D. and Mercure, E.W. (2007). The pomegranate: a new look at the fruit of paradise. HortScience. 42 (5): 1088- 1092.
Sudhakar, C., Lakshmi, A. and Giridarakumar, S. (2001). Changes in the antioxidant enzyme efficacy in two high yielding genotypes of mulberry (Morus alba L.) under NaCl salinity. Plant Science. 161(3): 613-619.
Sun, Y., Niu, G., Masabni, J.G. and Ganjegunte, G. (2018). Relative salt tolerance of 22 pomegranate (Punica granatum) cultivars. HortScience. 53(10): 1513-1519.
Yadav, T., Kumar, A., Yadav, R., Yadav, G., Kumar, R., Kushwaha, M. (2020). Salicylic acid and thiourea mitigate the salinity and drought stress on physiological traits governing yield in pearl millet-wheat. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 27: 2010–2017.
Zahra, N., Mahmood, S., Raza, Z.A. (2018). Salinity stress on various physiological and biochemical attributes of two distinct maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 41:1368–1380.
ZaynaliNejad, K., Mirlohi, A.F., Nematzadeh, G. and Rezai, A. (2004). Genetic Diversity in some of Iranian Rice (Oriza sativa L.) Germplasm Base on Morphological Traits. JWSS. 7(4): 199-214.
Ziatabar Ahmadi, S.R., Seifi, E., Varasteh, F., Akbarpour, V. (2023). Evaluation of Salinity Tolerance of Cuttings in some Wild Genotypes, Local and Commercial Cultivars of Pomegranate in Greenhouse Conditions. Plant Productions. (In Press)