مقایسه کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه گوش بره زرد یا چالمه (Phlomis olivieri) در رویشگاه‌های کلاردشت و بلده، استان مازندران
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکسیده خدیجه مهدوی 1 , مائده یوسفیان 2 * , عباس عفتی 3
1 - گروه منابع طبیعی، واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نور، ایران،
2 - بخش تحقیقات جنگل¬ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران،
3 - گروه مرتعداری، واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نور، ایران،
کلید واژه: استان مازندران , بازده اسانس , خصوصیات خاک, گوش بره زرد, همبستگی,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از گیاهان دارویی در نواحی ییلاقی استان مازندران، گیاه گوشبره زرد یا چالمه (Phlomis olivieri) میباشد که در صنایع مختلف دارویی، غذایی، آرایشی و بهداشتی مصارف فراوانی دارد. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی ترکیبات اسانس اندامهای هوایی گیاه گوشبره زرد در مناطق بلده نور و کلاردشت به همراه اثرگذاری عوامل خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک بر روی کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه مذکور صورت گرفته است. بدین منظور، اندامهای هوایی گیاه جمعآوری و برای تعیین میزان اسانس از دستگاه کلونجر و شناسایی ترکیبات اسانس از دستگاههای GC و GC/MS استفاده شد. خاک نیز به صورت تصادفی از پای گیاه نمونه‌برداری شد. نتايج نشان داد كه در منطقه بلده 27 ترکيب شناسایی شد که 04/92 درصد حجم اسانس را در بر می‌گیرد و در منطقه کلاردشت 26 ترکيب شناسايي شد که 43/97 درصد از حجم اسانس را تشکيل ميدهد. تركيبات α-pinene،β-Caryophyllene، (E)-β-Farnesence، Germacrene-D، Germacrene-B و β-Eudesmol بالاترین درصد را در هر دو رویشگاه داشتند. ميانگين بازده اسانس گياه در رویشگاه بلده و کلاردشت به ترتيب 35/0 و 75/0 درصد بوده که در اين قسمت بیشترین مقدار درصد اسانس مربوط به رویشگاه کلاردشت بوده است. بين بازده اسانس و درصد اشباع خاک، نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل جذب در خاک، همبستگي مثبت و معنیداری وجود داشت. همچنین بين بازده اسانس با کربن آلی و درصد ماده آلی همبستگي مثبت و معنيداري در سطح احتمال 5 درصد گزارش شد. از طرفی بین بازده اسانس و pH خاک همبستگي منفی و معنيداري در سطح احتمال 1 درصد مشاهده شد، بدین صورت که با افزايش این عامل، ميزان بازده اسانس کاهش یافت. با توجه به اینکه در منطقه کلاردشت، میزان بازده اسانس و همچنین درصد ترکیبات اسانس بالاتری نسبت به بلده بوده است، استفاده از جمعیت گوشبره زرد در منطقه فوق جهت کشت و کار و نیز جهت تولید بیشتر این ترکیبات توصیه می‌شود.
One of the medicinal plants in resort areas of Mazandaran province is Phlomis olivieri which is widely used in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. This study investigated the essential oil compounds in the aerial parts of Phlomis olivieri in Baladeh (Noor) and Kelardasht and also investigated the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on the quantitiy and quality of essential oil. To do so, aerial parts of plants were collected and their essential oil was extracted with Clevenger device and compounds were identified with GC and GC/MS. Soil samples were randomly picked and were transfered to soil science laberatory to determine physical and chemical properties. The results showed that in Baladeh region, 27 compounds were identified which comprise 92.04 percent of total essential oil volume. At Kelardasht site, 26 compounds were identified which comprise 97.43 percent of total essential oil volume. The highest amounts of compounds in both regions were Alpha- pinene, Beta-Caryophyllene, (E)-Beta-Farnesence, Germacrene- D, Germacrene– B and Beta-Eudesmol. Average essential oil efficiency in Baladeh and Kelardasht sites were 0.35 and 0.75, respectively as the highest essential oil amount was achieved in Kelardasht region. There was a positive correlation between essential oil yield and soil saturation percentage and soil absorbable nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. Also, a positive and significant correlation was observed between essential oil yield and organic carbon and organic matter percent at the probability of 5%. A negative and significant correlation was found between essential oil efficiency and the pH of the soil at probability of 1% which means that with a reduction in essential oil the pH of the soil increases. As Kelardasht has a higher yield of essential oil and the percentage of essential oil compounds than Baladeh, the use of Phlomis olivieri is recommended in Kelardasht for cultivation there and increasing the production of these compounds.
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