تأثیر کاربرد ریشه‌ای و برگی سلنیوم بر برخی پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) تحت تنش شوری
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکمعصومه عابدینی 1 , میثم قره باغی 2 , سکینه مرادخانی 3
1 - گروه زیست‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
2 - گروه زیست‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
3 - گروه زیست‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
کلید واژه: پرولین, گندم, شوری, سلنیوم, مالون دی‌آلدئید, فنل‌ها,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد برگی و ریشه‌ای سلنیوم (صفر و 20 میکرومولار) بر روی برخی از پارامترهای مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) واریتۀ چمران تحت تنش شوری (100 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1396 به‌صورت هیدروپونیک در شرایط گلخانه‌ای انجام شد. نتایج به دست آمده کاهش معنی‌دار شاخص‌های رشدی، نسبت کلروفیل به کاروتنوئیدها، مقدار کلروفیل‌ها و پروتئین کل و افزایش معنی‌دار مالون دی‌آلدئید، پرولین، آنتوسیانین و فنل کل را در اندام هوایی گیاهان تحت تنش شوری نسبت به گیاهان شاهد نشان داد. در شرایط شاهد کاربرد سلنیوم، در هر دو شکل برگی و ریشه‌ای، باعث کاهش معنی‌دار طول ریشه و افزایش معنی‌دار فنل کل شد، همچنین افزایش معنی‌دار مقدار پرولین و کاروتنوئیدها با کاربرد برگی سلنیوم در شرایط شاهد مشاهده شد. در تنش شوری کاربرد سلنیوم به‌شکل برگی باعث افزایش طول ریشه و وزن تر اندام هوایی و در هر دو شکل بکار رفته باعث بهبود سایر شاخص‌های رشدی گیاه گندم شد. همچنین افزایش معنی‌دار مقادیر کلروفیل‌ها و پروتئین با کاربرد برگی و افزایش قندهای محلول و فنل کل با هر دو شکل بکار رفته از سلنیوم در گیاهان تحت تنش شوری مشاهده شد. در تنش شوری، کاربرد سلنیوم تنها به‌شکل برگی بود که توانست موجب کاهش معنی‌دار محتوای مالون دی‌آلدئید شود. مطابق نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، کاربرد سلنیوم، بویژه از طریق برگ‌ها، نقش قابل توجهی در تخفیف تنش شوری در گیاه گندم دارد.
In order to investigate the effects of foliar and root application of selenium (0 and 20 µM) on some physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) var. Chamran under salt stress (0 and 100 mM NaCl), an experiment was conducted hydroponically based on a completely randomized factorial design with three replications at Payame Noor university in 2017. Results showed the significant decreases in growth parameters, chlorophyll to carotenoids ratio, and chlorophylls and total protein contents while significant increases were recorded in malondialdehyde, proline, anthocyanin, and total phenol contents of plant shoots under salt stress. Under control condition, both forms of selenium application significantly decreased the root length while increasing the total phenol content. Moreover, significant increases in proline and carotenoids contents were found under foliar application of selenium in control plants. Under salinity stress, foliar application of selenium significantly increased the root length and shoot fresh weight and its application at both forms improved the other growth parameters of plants. Likewise, significant increases in protein and chlorophylls contents of plants by foliar application and soluble sugars and total phenols contents of plants by both forms of application of selenium were attained under salinity. Only foliar form of application of selenium could decrease the malondialdehyde content of plants under salinity stress. According to the findings, selenium application, especially through leaves, played a remarkable role in ameliorating the effects of salt stress in wheat.
Afkari, A. and Farajpour, P. (2019). Evaluation of the effect of vermicompost and salinity stress on the pigments content and some biochemical characteristics of Borage (Borago Officinalis L.). Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 14(48): 90-103. (In Persian)
Ashraf, R., Ahmad, R., Bhatti, A.S., Afzal, M., Sarwar, A., Maqsood, M.A. and Kanwal, S. (2010). Amelioration of salt stress in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) by supplying potassium and silicon in hydroponics. Pedosphere. 20(2): 153–162.
Ashraf, M.A., Akbar, A., Parveen, A., Rasheed, R., Hussain, I. and Iqbal, M. (2018). Phenological application of selenium differentially improves growth, oxidative defense and ion homeostasis in maize under salinity stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 123: 268-280.
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39(1): 205-207.
Boominathan, R. and Doran, P.M. (2002). Ni induced oxidative stress in roots of the Ni hyperaccumlator, Alyssum bertoloni. New phytologist. 156: 202-205.
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72(1-2): 248-254.
Chaovanalikit, A. and Wrolstad, R.E. (2004). Total anthocyanins and total phenolics of fresh and processed cherries and their antioxidant properties. Journal of Food Science. 69(1): FCT67-FCT72.
Diao, M., Ma, L., Wang, J., Cui, J., Fu, A. and Liu, H. (2014). Selenium promotes the growth and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings under salt stress by enhancing chloroplast antioxidant defense system. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 33(3): 671–682.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A. and Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry. 28(3): 350-356.
Dugasa, M.T., Cao, F., Ibrahim, W. and Wu, F. (2019). Differences in physiological and biochemical characteristics in response to single and combined drought and salinity. Physiologia Plantarum 165(2): 134-143.
Fashami, M.Z., Shiranirad, A.M., Dadashi, M.R. and Khorghami, A. (2019). Evaluation of yield and yield components of spring rapeseed varieties in winter cultivation of different plant densities under selenium treatment. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 14(53): 90-103. (In Persian)
Habibi, G. (2017). Selenium ameliorates salinity stress in Petroselinum crispum by modulation of photosynthesis and by reducing shoot Na accumulation. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 64: 368-374.
Han-Wens, S., Jing, H., Shu-Xuan, L. and Wei-Jun, K. (2010). Protective role of selenium on garlic growth under cadmium stress. Plant Analysis. 41(10): 1195-1204.
Hartikainen, H., Xue, T. and Piironen, V. (2000). Selenium an oxidant and pro-oxidant in ryegrass. Plant and Soil. 225(1-2): 193-200.
Hasanuzzaman M., Nahar K. and Fujita, M. (2013). Plant response to salt stress and Role of Exogenous Protectants to Mitigate Salt-Induced Damages. In: Ecophysiology and responses of plants under salt stress, pp. 25-87. eds P. Ahmad, M. Azooz and M. Prasad. New York, NY: Springer.
Hasanuzzaman, M. Anwar Hossain, M. and Fujita, M. (2010). Selenium in higher plants: physiological role, antioxidant metabolism and abiotic stress tolerance. Journal of Plant Sciences. 5(4): 354-375.
Hawrylak-Nowak B. (2015). Selenite is more efficient than selenate in alleviation of salt stress in lettuce plants. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica. 57(2): 49–54.
Hawrylak-Nowak, B. (2009). Beneficial effect of exogenous selenium on cucumber seedlings subjected to salt stress. Biological Trace Elopement Research. 132(1-3): 259-269.
Khademi-Astaneh, R., Bolandnazar, S., Zaare-Nahandi, F. and Oustan, S. (2019). Effects of selenium on enzymatic changes and productivity of garlic under salinity stress. South African Journal of Botany 121: 447-455.
Isayenkov, S.V. and Maathuis, F.J.M. (2019). Plant salinity stress: many unanswered questions remain. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: article 80.
Khedr, A.H.A., Abbas, M.A., Wahid, A.A.A., Quick, W.P. and Abogadallah G.M. (2003). Proline induces the expression of salt-stress-responsive proteins and may improve the adaptation of Pancratium maritimum L. to salt-stress. Journal of Experimental Botany. 54(392): 2553–2562.
Labanowska, M., Filek, M., Kurdziel, M., Bidzińska, E., Miszalski, Z. and Hartikainen, H. (2013). EPR spectroscopy as a tool for investigation of differences in radical status in wheat plants of various tolerances to osmotic stress induced by NaCl and PEG-treatment. Journal of Plant Physiology. 170(2): 136–145.
Lichtenthaler, H.K. and Wellburn, A.R. (1987). Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions. 11(5): 591-592.
Malik, J.A., Goel, S., Kaur, N., Sharma, S., Singh, I. and Nayyar, H. (2012). Selenium antagonists the toxic effects of arsenic on mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) plants by restricting its uptake and enhancing the antioxidative and detoxification mechanisms. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 77: 242-248.
McDonald, S., Prenzler, P.D., Antolovich M. and Robards, K. (2001). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts. Food Chemistry. 73(1): 73-84.
Najafi, F., Khavari-Nejad, R.A. and Rashidi, M. (2018). The effect of sodium selenate on some of antioxidant enzymes activity in sunflower seedlings (Helianthus annuus L.) under salt stress. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 6(19): 351-364. (In Persian)
Namvar, A., Hadi, H. and Seyed sharifi, R. (2018). Role of exogenous phytoprotectants in mitigation of adverse effects of abiotic stresses. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 12(48): 103-128. (In Persian)
Nowak, J. Kaklewski, K. and Ligocki, M. (2004). Influence of selenium on oxidoreductive enzymes activity in soil and in plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 36(10): 1553-1558.
Paridaa, A.K. Dasa, A.B., Mittrac, B. and Mohantyb, P. (2004). Salt-stress induced alterations in protein profile and protease activity in the mangrove Bruguiera parviflora. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C 59(5-6): 408-414.
Saddiq, M.S., Iqbal, S., Afzal, I., Ibrahim, A.H., Bakhtavar, M.A., Hafeez, M.B., Maqbool, J. and Maqbool, M.M. (2019). Mitigation of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings through physiological seed enhancements. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 42(10): 1192-1204.
Sajedi, N.A. (2017). Evaluation of selenium and salicylic acid effect on physiological and qualitative characteristics of dry-land wheat cultivars. Iran Agricultural Research. 36(2) 91-100.
Shah, S.H., Houborg, R. and McCabe M.F. (2017). Response of chlorophyll, carotenoid and SPAD-502 measurement to salinity and nutrient stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy. 7(61): 1-20.
Shekari, F., Abbasi, A. and Mustafavi, S.H. (2017). Effect of silicon and selenium on enzymatic changes and productivity of dill in saline condition. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 16(4): 367-374.
Shekari, L., Aroiee, H., Mirshekari, A. and Nemati, H. (2019). Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage role of selenium on heavy metals stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 42(5): 529-542.
Sieprawska, A., Kornaś, A. and Filek, M. (2015). Involvement of selenium in protective mechanisms of plants under environmental stress conditions. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica. 57(1): 9–20.
Xue, T.L., Hartikainen, H. and Piironen, V. )2001(. Antioxidative and growth-promoting effects of selenium on senescing lettuce. Plant and Soil 237(1): 55-61.
_||_
Afkari, A. and Farajpour, P. (2019). Evaluation of the effect of vermicompost and salinity stress on the pigments content and some biochemical characteristics of Borage (Borago Officinalis L.). Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 14(48): 90-103. (In Persian)
Ashraf, R., Ahmad, R., Bhatti, A.S., Afzal, M., Sarwar, A., Maqsood, M.A. and Kanwal, S. (2010). Amelioration of salt stress in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) by supplying potassium and silicon in hydroponics. Pedosphere. 20(2): 153–162.
Ashraf, M.A., Akbar, A., Parveen, A., Rasheed, R., Hussain, I. and Iqbal, M. (2018). Phenological application of selenium differentially improves growth, oxidative defense and ion homeostasis in maize under salinity stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 123: 268-280.
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39(1): 205-207.
Boominathan, R. and Doran, P.M. (2002). Ni induced oxidative stress in roots of the Ni hyperaccumlator, Alyssum bertoloni. New phytologist. 156: 202-205.
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72(1-2): 248-254.
Chaovanalikit, A. and Wrolstad, R.E. (2004). Total anthocyanins and total phenolics of fresh and processed cherries and their antioxidant properties. Journal of Food Science. 69(1): FCT67-FCT72.
Diao, M., Ma, L., Wang, J., Cui, J., Fu, A. and Liu, H. (2014). Selenium promotes the growth and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings under salt stress by enhancing chloroplast antioxidant defense system. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 33(3): 671–682.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A. and Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry. 28(3): 350-356.
Dugasa, M.T., Cao, F., Ibrahim, W. and Wu, F. (2019). Differences in physiological and biochemical characteristics in response to single and combined drought and salinity. Physiologia Plantarum 165(2): 134-143.
Fashami, M.Z., Shiranirad, A.M., Dadashi, M.R. and Khorghami, A. (2019). Evaluation of yield and yield components of spring rapeseed varieties in winter cultivation of different plant densities under selenium treatment. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 14(53): 90-103. (In Persian)
Habibi, G. (2017). Selenium ameliorates salinity stress in Petroselinum crispum by modulation of photosynthesis and by reducing shoot Na accumulation. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 64: 368-374.
Han-Wens, S., Jing, H., Shu-Xuan, L. and Wei-Jun, K. (2010). Protective role of selenium on garlic growth under cadmium stress. Plant Analysis. 41(10): 1195-1204.
Hartikainen, H., Xue, T. and Piironen, V. (2000). Selenium an oxidant and pro-oxidant in ryegrass. Plant and Soil. 225(1-2): 193-200.
Hasanuzzaman M., Nahar K. and Fujita, M. (2013). Plant response to salt stress and Role of Exogenous Protectants to Mitigate Salt-Induced Damages. In: Ecophysiology and responses of plants under salt stress, pp. 25-87. eds P. Ahmad, M. Azooz and M. Prasad. New York, NY: Springer.
Hasanuzzaman, M. Anwar Hossain, M. and Fujita, M. (2010). Selenium in higher plants: physiological role, antioxidant metabolism and abiotic stress tolerance. Journal of Plant Sciences. 5(4): 354-375.
Hawrylak-Nowak B. (2015). Selenite is more efficient than selenate in alleviation of salt stress in lettuce plants. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica. 57(2): 49–54.
Hawrylak-Nowak, B. (2009). Beneficial effect of exogenous selenium on cucumber seedlings subjected to salt stress. Biological Trace Elopement Research. 132(1-3): 259-269.
Khademi-Astaneh, R., Bolandnazar, S., Zaare-Nahandi, F. and Oustan, S. (2019). Effects of selenium on enzymatic changes and productivity of garlic under salinity stress. South African Journal of Botany 121: 447-455.
Isayenkov, S.V. and Maathuis, F.J.M. (2019). Plant salinity stress: many unanswered questions remain. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: article 80.
Khedr, A.H.A., Abbas, M.A., Wahid, A.A.A., Quick, W.P. and Abogadallah G.M. (2003). Proline induces the expression of salt-stress-responsive proteins and may improve the adaptation of Pancratium maritimum L. to salt-stress. Journal of Experimental Botany. 54(392): 2553–2562.
Labanowska, M., Filek, M., Kurdziel, M., Bidzińska, E., Miszalski, Z. and Hartikainen, H. (2013). EPR spectroscopy as a tool for investigation of differences in radical status in wheat plants of various tolerances to osmotic stress induced by NaCl and PEG-treatment. Journal of Plant Physiology. 170(2): 136–145.
Lichtenthaler, H.K. and Wellburn, A.R. (1987). Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions. 11(5): 591-592.
Malik, J.A., Goel, S., Kaur, N., Sharma, S., Singh, I. and Nayyar, H. (2012). Selenium antagonists the toxic effects of arsenic on mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) plants by restricting its uptake and enhancing the antioxidative and detoxification mechanisms. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 77: 242-248.
McDonald, S., Prenzler, P.D., Antolovich M. and Robards, K. (2001). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts. Food Chemistry. 73(1): 73-84.
Najafi, F., Khavari-Nejad, R.A. and Rashidi, M. (2018). The effect of sodium selenate on some of antioxidant enzymes activity in sunflower seedlings (Helianthus annuus L.) under salt stress. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 6(19): 351-364. (In Persian)
Namvar, A., Hadi, H. and Seyed sharifi, R. (2018). Role of exogenous phytoprotectants in mitigation of adverse effects of abiotic stresses. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 12(48): 103-128. (In Persian)
Nowak, J. Kaklewski, K. and Ligocki, M. (2004). Influence of selenium on oxidoreductive enzymes activity in soil and in plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 36(10): 1553-1558.
Paridaa, A.K. Dasa, A.B., Mittrac, B. and Mohantyb, P. (2004). Salt-stress induced alterations in protein profile and protease activity in the mangrove Bruguiera parviflora. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C 59(5-6): 408-414.
Saddiq, M.S., Iqbal, S., Afzal, I., Ibrahim, A.H., Bakhtavar, M.A., Hafeez, M.B., Maqbool, J. and Maqbool, M.M. (2019). Mitigation of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings through physiological seed enhancements. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 42(10): 1192-1204.
Sajedi, N.A. (2017). Evaluation of selenium and salicylic acid effect on physiological and qualitative characteristics of dry-land wheat cultivars. Iran Agricultural Research. 36(2) 91-100.
Shah, S.H., Houborg, R. and McCabe M.F. (2017). Response of chlorophyll, carotenoid and SPAD-502 measurement to salinity and nutrient stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy. 7(61): 1-20.
Shekari, F., Abbasi, A. and Mustafavi, S.H. (2017). Effect of silicon and selenium on enzymatic changes and productivity of dill in saline condition. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 16(4): 367-374.
Shekari, L., Aroiee, H., Mirshekari, A. and Nemati, H. (2019). Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage role of selenium on heavy metals stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 42(5): 529-542.
Sieprawska, A., Kornaś, A. and Filek, M. (2015). Involvement of selenium in protective mechanisms of plants under environmental stress conditions. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica. 57(1): 9–20.
Xue, T.L., Hartikainen, H. and Piironen, V. )2001(. Antioxidative and growth-promoting effects of selenium on senescing lettuce. Plant and Soil 237(1): 55-61.