اثر کودهای آلی، زیستی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و مؤلفههای کارایی عناصر در کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکفرزاد بابایی 1 , اسماعیل گنجینه 2 , افشین مظفری 3 , محمد میرزایی حیدری 4 , رحیم ناصری 5
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران.
3 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران.
4 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران.
5 - گروه تکنولوژی تولیدات گیاهی، آموزشکده فنیمهندسی و کشاورزی دهلران، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
کلید واژه: کمپوست, عملکرد دانه, ازتوباکتر, کودهای بیولوژیک, آزسپریلیوم,
چکیده مقاله :
بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای آلی، زیستی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و مؤلفههای کارایی عناصر در کنجد آزمایشی بهصورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل، در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 1396-1395 در کرمانشاه اجرا شد. عامل اول شامل کود نیتروژن با چهار سطح (صفر، 33، 66 و 100درصد) نیتروژن و عامل دوم تلقیح کودهای زیستی با بذر در چهار سطح (بدون تلقیح کود زیستی، تلقیح با ازتوباکتر، تلقیح با آزوسپریلیوم و تلفیق با هر دو باکتری) بود. این آزمایش در هر سال در سه قطعه زمین شامل شاهد، مصرف 10 تن کود دامی و مصرف 10 تن کود کمپوست زباله شهری اجرا شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اثر سطوح کود نیتروژن و کود بیولوژیک بر عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیکی در سه محیط مورد مطالعه معنیدار بود و بیشترین مقادیر در هر سه محیط آزمایشی در تیمار تلفیقی کودهای ازتوباکتر و آزسپریلیوم بدست آمد. مقدار عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای سطوح کود نیتروژن در محیطهای مورد مطالعه متفاوت بود، بنحوی که بیشترین عملکرددانه (1298 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در محیط شاهد در تیمار 100درصد نیاز نیتروژن، در محیط کود دامی در تیمار 33درصد نیاز نیتروژن (1565 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و در محیط کمپوست در تیمار 66درصد نیتروژن (1/1684 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بدست آمد. بطور کلی بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار مصرف کمپوست و 66درصد نیتروژن به مقدار 1/1684 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد که می توان این ترکیب را جایگزینی برای مصرف به تنهایی کود نیتروژن دانست. بنابراین میتوان نتیجهگیری کرد با کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای بیولوژیک و دامی یا کمپوست علاوه بر صرفهجویی در مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و حذف اثر مضر آن ها، عملکرد دانه قابل قبولی نیز داشت. همچنین مصرف کودهای بیولوژیک و آلی موجب افزایش کارایی استفاده از عناصر نیتروژن و فسفر شد که علاوه بر کاهش هزینههای تولید، افزایش عملکرد را بدنبال دارد.
In order to investigate the effect of organic, bio-chemical fertilizers on yield and efficiency components of sesame, a factorial experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications in two crop years in Kermanshah in 2017-2018. The first factor consisted of nitrogen fertilizer with four levels of zero, 33, 66 and 100% nitrogen, and the second factor consisted of inoculation with four levels of seedless biofertilizer, Azotobacter inoculation, Azospirillum inoculation and mixing with both bacteria. . The experiment was conducted each year on three land plots including control, 10 ton manure and 10 ton municipal waste compost. The results showed that the effect of nitrogen and biological fertilizer levels on grain yield and biological yield were significant in all three environments. The highest values of grain yield and biological yield were obtained in the combination of Azotobacter and Azesprillium fertilizers in all three media. The highest grain yield (1298 kg / ha) was observed in the control medium in 100% nitrogen requirement, in the fertilizer medium in 33% nitrogen requirement (1565 Kg / ha) and in the compost medium were obtained with 66% nitrogen (1799 kg / ha). Overall, the results showed that the combination of biological fertilizers with manure or compost could save the fertilizer application and also have acceptable yield. Also, the use of biological fertilizers and organic fertilizers increased the efficiency of use of the elements, which could eventually increase round yields in addition to lower production costs.
Bahamin, S., Kocheki, A., Nasiri Mahallati, M. and Beheshti, S.A. (2019). Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus on quantitative and qualitative function of maize under drought conditions. Journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 11(4): 863-872. (In Persian with English Summary).
Fazeli kakhki, S.F., Rezvani, H., Goldani, M. and Hemmati, N. (2020). Evaluation of the combined effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on some morphological, physiological, characteristics yield components and performance of sweet pepper (Caspsicum Annuum, Var: Traviata) under field conditions. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 14(55): 39-51.
Ghanbari, M., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. and Talebi-Siah Saran, P. (2019). The effect of bio-fertilizers on yield component, yield, protein and oil in soybean (Glycine max Merrill) under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 3(52):1-52.
Gorgini Shabankare, H., Fakheri, B.A., and Mohammadpour Vashvaei, R. (2017). Effect of bio-fertilizers on growth, grain and essential oil yield of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under drought stress. Journal of Agroecology. 9(1): 50-62.
Govahi, M., Ghalavand, A., Nadjafi, F. and Sorooshzadeh, A. (2017). Comparing different soil fertility systems on some physiological characteristics, yield and essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Agroecology. 9(2): 445-457.
Haghanian, S., Yadavi, A., Balouchi, H.R. and Moradi, A. (2016). Grain, oil yield and nitrogen use efficiency in different varieties of Sesame (Sesamum indicum l.) under nitrogen fertilizer and weed competition. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 26(1): 67-81.
Khajehpour, M.R. (2010). Industrial plants. Publication of Jahad Daneshgahi, Isfahan University of Technology. Pp 564.
Khan, N., Khalil Khan, S., Amanullah, A., Ali, A., Ullah, Z. and Ali, M. (2016). Effect of nitrogen and sulfur on yield and yield components of sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) in calcareous soil. Pure and Applied Biology. 50: 1-5.
Leiser, W.L., Rattunde, H.F.W., Weltzien, E., Cisse, N., Abdou, M., Diallo, A. and Haussmann, B.I. (2014). Two in one sweep: aluminum tolerance and grain yield in P-limited soils are associated to the same genomic region in West African sorghum. BMC plant biology. 14(1), 206.
Mehrabi, M. and Ehsanzadeh, P. (2011). A study on physiological attributes and grain yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars under different soil moisture regimes. Journal of Crops Improvement. 13(2). 75-88.
Nabipour, Z., Ghaedi, N., and Keshavarz, A. (2015). The effect of vermicompost on yield and yield components of Sesame, Third National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran, Mehr Arvand Institute of Higher Education, Environmental Friends Promotion Group. (In Persian with English Summary).
Rathke, G.W., Behrens, T. and Diepenbrock, W. (2006). Integrated nitrogen management strategies to improve seed yield, oil content and nitrogen efficiency of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): A review. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. 117: 90-108.
Safari Motlagh, M.R., Kaviani, B. and Mousavi Mohammadi , S.A. (2020). Simultaneous effects of different levels of indole butyric acid and inoculation with growth promoting bacteria on some growth and biochemical traits of olive (Olea europaea L.) scion. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 14(55):13-25.
Shakeri, E., Amini Dehaghi, M., Tabatabaei, S.A., Modares Sanavi, S.A.M. (2012). Effect of chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer on seed yield, its components, oil and protein percent in Sesame varieties. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 22(1): 71.
Taheri Oshtrinani, F. and Fathi, A. (2016). The impacts of mycorrhiza and phsphorus along with the use of salicylic acid on maize seed yield. Journal of Tabriz ecophysiology of crops. 10(3): 657-668.
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Bahamin, S., Kocheki, A., Nasiri Mahallati, M. and Beheshti, S.A. (2019). Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus on quantitative and qualitative function of maize under drought conditions. Journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 11(4): 863-872. (In Persian with English Summary).
Fazeli kakhki, S.F., Rezvani, H., Goldani, M. and Hemmati, N. (2020). Evaluation of the combined effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on some morphological, physiological, characteristics yield components and performance of sweet pepper (Caspsicum Annuum, Var: Traviata) under field conditions. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 14(55): 39-51.
Ghanbari, M., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. and Talebi-Siah Saran, P. (2019). The effect of bio-fertilizers on yield component, yield, protein and oil in soybean (Glycine max Merrill) under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 3(52):1-52.
Gorgini Shabankare, H., Fakheri, B.A., and Mohammadpour Vashvaei, R. (2017). Effect of bio-fertilizers on growth, grain and essential oil yield of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under drought stress. Journal of Agroecology. 9(1): 50-62.
Govahi, M., Ghalavand, A., Nadjafi, F. and Sorooshzadeh, A. (2017). Comparing different soil fertility systems on some physiological characteristics, yield and essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Agroecology. 9(2): 445-457.
Haghanian, S., Yadavi, A., Balouchi, H.R. and Moradi, A. (2016). Grain, oil yield and nitrogen use efficiency in different varieties of Sesame (Sesamum indicum l.) under nitrogen fertilizer and weed competition. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 26(1): 67-81.
Khajehpour, M.R. (2010). Industrial plants. Publication of Jahad Daneshgahi, Isfahan University of Technology. Pp 564.
Khan, N., Khalil Khan, S., Amanullah, A., Ali, A., Ullah, Z. and Ali, M. (2016). Effect of nitrogen and sulfur on yield and yield components of sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) in calcareous soil. Pure and Applied Biology. 50: 1-5.
Leiser, W.L., Rattunde, H.F.W., Weltzien, E., Cisse, N., Abdou, M., Diallo, A. and Haussmann, B.I. (2014). Two in one sweep: aluminum tolerance and grain yield in P-limited soils are associated to the same genomic region in West African sorghum. BMC plant biology. 14(1), 206.
Mehrabi, M. and Ehsanzadeh, P. (2011). A study on physiological attributes and grain yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars under different soil moisture regimes. Journal of Crops Improvement. 13(2). 75-88.
Nabipour, Z., Ghaedi, N., and Keshavarz, A. (2015). The effect of vermicompost on yield and yield components of Sesame, Third National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran, Mehr Arvand Institute of Higher Education, Environmental Friends Promotion Group. (In Persian with English Summary).
Rathke, G.W., Behrens, T. and Diepenbrock, W. (2006). Integrated nitrogen management strategies to improve seed yield, oil content and nitrogen efficiency of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): A review. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. 117: 90-108.
Safari Motlagh, M.R., Kaviani, B. and Mousavi Mohammadi , S.A. (2020). Simultaneous effects of different levels of indole butyric acid and inoculation with growth promoting bacteria on some growth and biochemical traits of olive (Olea europaea L.) scion. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 14(55):13-25.
Shakeri, E., Amini Dehaghi, M., Tabatabaei, S.A., Modares Sanavi, S.A.M. (2012). Effect of chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer on seed yield, its components, oil and protein percent in Sesame varieties. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 22(1): 71.
Taheri Oshtrinani, F. and Fathi, A. (2016). The impacts of mycorrhiza and phsphorus along with the use of salicylic acid on maize seed yield. Journal of Tabriz ecophysiology of crops. 10(3): 657-668.