برهمکنش کروم و شوری بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکزهرا طالب زاده 1 , راهله رهباریان 2 , محبت نداف 3 , حمید سبحانیان 4
1 - گروه زیست شناسی ، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی 19395- 3697 تهران، ایران
2 - گروه زیست شناسی ، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی 19395- 3697 تهران، ایران
3 - گروه زیست شناسی ، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی 19395- 3697 تهران، ایران
4 - گروه زیست شناسی ، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی 19395- 3697 تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: Portulaca oleracea, شوری, سدیم, کروم, تجمع زیستی, خرفه,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش بررسی برهمکنش کلرید‌سدیم با کروم بر صفات رویشی، فیزیولوژیکی و جذب و تجمع سدیم و کروم در ریشه و اندام‌های هوایی خرفه می‌باشد. بمنظور بررسی آن، در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 3 تکرار و 4 سطح شوری (0، 4، 8 و 12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) با استفاده از کلرید‌سدیم هر 4 روز از طریق آبیاری و 5 سطح کروم (0، 7، 14، 21 و 28 میلی‌گرم بر کیلو‌گرم وزن خشک خاک) در شرایط گلدانی آزمایش انجام شد و قبل از کشت بذر در خاک با افزایش دی کرومات پتاسیم به خاک سطوح مختلف تیمار کروم تهیه شد. سدیم ریشه و بخش‌های هوایی، طول ریشه و ساقه، قطر و سطح ریشه، شاخص سبزینگی، فاکتور انتقال و تجمع زیستی پس از 60 روز از کشت آنها اندازه‌گیری و سنجش شدند. نتایج نشان داد افزایش سطوح مختلف شوری با افزایش معنی‌داری محتوای سدیم و کروم ریشه، بخش‌های هوایی و فاکتور تجمع زیستی همراه بود. بیشترین میزان کروم، سدیم و فاکتور تجمع زیستی در سطوح شوری 12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر و کروم 28 میلی‌گرم بر کیلو‌گرم مشاهده گردید. برهمکنش شوری و کروم معنی‌دار بود. با افزایش شوری میزان فاکتور انتقال ریشه گیاه روند افزایشی نشان داد و با افزایش کروم فاکتور انتقال کاهش یافت. طول، قطر و سطح ریشه و طول ساقه و شاخص سبزینگی کاهش معنی‌داری در گیاهان تحت تیمار کروم و شوری نشان داد. تنش ترکیبی سطح بالای کروم و شوری، باعث کاهش بیشتر غلظت و تجمع مواد معدنی نسبت به دو تنش به تنهایی شد. اگرچه شوری و کروم سبب کاهش رشد گیاه خرفه شد اما بنظر می‌رسد با انباشتگی مقادیر قابل توجه سدیم و کروم در ریشه از انتقال بیش از حد آنها به اندام هوایی و کاهش بیشتر رشد جلوگیری می‌شود.
The aim of this study was to investigate interaction of sodium chloride with chromium on vegetative, and physiological traits, uptake, and accumulation of sodium and chromium in roots and shoots of portulaca oleracea. In a completely randomized design with 3 replications, 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 12 dsm-1) using sodium chloride every 4 days through irrigation water and five levels of chromium (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 mgkg-1 of dry soil weight) were applied in a pot experiment. Different levels of chromium treatment were prepared before sowing the seeds by adding potassium dichromate to the soil. The amounts of root chromium and shoots were measured by the atomic absorption spectrometry. Sodium contents of roots and shoots, root and stem length, root diameter and surface, greenness index, transfer factor, and bioaccumulation were measured after 60 days of cultivation. Results showed that an increase in different salinity level was associated with a significant increase in sodium and chromium content of roots, shoots and bioaccumulation factor. The highest amount of chromium, sodium, and bioaccumulation factor were observed at salinity levels of 12 dsm-1 and 28 mgkg-1. The interaction between salinity and chromium was significant. With an increase in the salinity level, the amount of plant root transfer factor showed an increasing trend and with increasing chromium, the transfer factor decreased. Root length, diameter, and surface as well as stem length and greenery index showed a significant decrease in plants treated with chromium and salinity. The combined effect of high levels of chromium and salinity led to a further reduction in the concentration and accumulation of minerals compared to each stress alone. Although salinity and chromium reduced the growth of portulaca oleracea, it seems that accumulation of significant amounts of sodium and chromium in the roots, prevents their excessive transfer to the shoots and further reduction in plant growth.
Akhondi, M., Niakan, M., Mahmoodzade A., Hashti, M. (2020). Investigating the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth, photosynthetic pigments and salvia leiefolia Beneth solution under salinity stress. Plant Environmental Physiology. 14 (56): 93-74.
Angelica, M., AnnHauser D.R., Satika S. and PierreVitória, A. (2017). Plant chromium uptake and transport, physiological effects and recent advances in molecular investigations. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 140: 55-64.
Asadi R., Aghdasi A.M., Fatemi, S.M. (2019). The effect of saline treatment on the growth of some biochemical parameters of Echinacea purpurea L. Plant Environmental Physiology. 53: 1-15.
Azizi A., Rahbarian, R. and Mirblook, A. (2016). Six-potency chromium in contaminated soils using portulaca oleracea. Soil Research (Soil and Water Sciences). 30 (2): 162-172.
Babula P., Adam, V., Opatrilova, R., Zehnalek, J., Havel, L. and Kizek, R. (2008). Uncommon heavy metals, metalloids and their plant toxicity. Environmental chemistry. 6: 189-213.
Barbosa, R.M.T, Almeida, A.A.F., Mielke, M.S., Loguercio, L.L., Mangabeira, P. A.O. and Gomes, F.P. (2007). A physiological analysis of Genipa Americana L: a potential phytoremediator tree for chromium polluted watersheds. Environmental. Experimental Botany. 61: 264-271.
Black, C.A., Evans, D. and Dinauer, R. (1965).Methods of soil analysis. American Society of Agronomy Madision. pages: 653-708.
Chandra, P. and Kulshreshtha, K. (2004). Chromium Accumulation and Toxicity in Aquatic Vascular Plants. The Botanical Review. 70 (3): 313-327.
Dakily, M., and Khamis M. (2002). Selective adsorption of chromiumѴI in industrial wastewater using low cost abundantly available adsorbents. Advanced weed species. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 3 (2): 67-69.
Dong, J.F., Huang Wu, R. and Zang, G.A. (2007). Chromium-Tolerant Plant Growing in the Cr-Contaminated Land. International Journal of Phytorediation. 9: 167-179.
Dowling, V.A. and Sheehan, D. (2006). Proteomics as a route to identification of toxicity targets in ecotoxicology. Proteomics. 6: 5597-5604.
Emamverdian, A., Ding, Y., Mokhberdoran, F. and Xie, Y. (2015). Heavy metal stress and some mechanisms of plant defense response. Science world 14: 255-272.
Fozia A., Muhammad, A.Z., Muhammad, A. and Khalid, Z. M. (208). Effect of Chromium on Growth Attributes in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Survival and Sustainability. Environmental Science (China). 20 (12): 1475-80.
Furini, A. (2012). Plants and heavy metals department of biotechnology university of verona Italy ISBN: 978-94-007-4441-7(ebook) www.spring.com.
Ghorbani H., Heidari, M. and Ghafari, M. (2016). The effect of different salinity levels and heavy elements of lead and cadmium on growth, photosynthetic pigments and amounts of sodium and potassium in spinach. Greenhouse Cultivation Science and Technology. 25 (16): 15-24.
Gonzaga M.I.S., Santos A. and Ma, L. (2006).Arsenic phytoextraction and hyperacumulation by fern species (arsenic and fern species). Science Agriculture (Piracicaba, Braz). 63: 90-101.
Hayat S., Khalique G., Irfan M., Wani A., Tripathi B. and Ahmad A. (2012). Physiological changes induced by chromium stress in plants, an overview. Protoplasma. 249 (3): 599-611
Helal, H.M., Upenov, A. and Issa, G.J. (1999). Growth and uptake of Cd and Zn by Leucaene leucacephala in reclaimed soils as affected by NaCl salinity. Plant Nutrition Soil Science. 162: 589-592.
Hossain, Z. and Komatsu, S. (2013). Contrbution of proteomic studies towards understanding plant Heavy metal stress response. Frontiers Plant Science.3: 310-322.
Hossain, M.A., Piyatida, P., Teixeira da Silva, J.A. and Fujita, M. (2012). Molecular mechanism of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance in plants: central role of glutathione in detoxification of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal and in heavy metal chelation. Botany. 2012: 1-37.
Iranbakhsh, A., Saadatmand, S., Zaji B. and Khavari Nejad, R.A. (2020). Investigating some morphological and physiological responses of Dracocephalum Moldavica L. to selenium under salinity stress. Plant Environmental Physiology. 56: 13-27.
Jithesh M.N., Prashanth, S.R., Sivaprakash, K.R. and Parida, A.K. (2006). Antioxidantive response mechanisms in halophytes: their role in stress defence. Genetics. 85 (3): 237-254.
Kholodova, V. and Kuznetsov, V. (2009). Plants Under Heavy Metal Stress in Saline Environments Soil. Heavy Metals. 19: 163-183.
Kranner, I. and Colville, L. (2011). Metals and Seeds: Biochemical and Molecular Implications and Their Significance for Seed Germination. Environmental and experimental Botany. 1:72-93.
Kumar, S. and Pandey, A.K. (2013). Chemistry and Biological Activities of Flavonoids: An Overview. Scientific World. 2013: 1‒16.
Masoodi, M., Ahmad, B., Mir, S.R. and Zarger, B. (2011). Portulaca oleracea L. A Review. Pharmacy Research. 4(9): 3044-3048.
Nagajyot, P.C., Lee, K.D. and Tvm, S. (2010). Heavy metal, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 8: 199-216.
Qureshi, A.S. (2007). Areview of management strategies for salt-prone land and Water resources in Iran. International water management institute. 30p.
Rafiei, M., Hoseini, M.sh., Hamidpor, M., and Mohamadi Mimirak, A.A. (2018). Interaction of sodium chloride and cadmium on some physiological traits and sodium content and cadmium root and aerial parts Portulaca oleracea. Journal of Soil Duration and Sustainable Production. Soil Weather and Sustainable Production. 8 (4): 43-60.
Rahbarian, R., Azizi E., Behdad, A. and Mirbolook, A. (2019). Effects of Chromium on Enzymatic/ Nonenzymatic Antioxidants and Oxidant Levels of Portulaca oleracea L. Medicinal Plants and By-products. 1: 21-31.
RohitA, K., Lokhande, V. and Avinash B. Ade (2015). Investigation of chromium phytoremediation and tolerance capacity of a weed, Portulaca oleracea L. in a hydroponic system. Water and Environment. 29: 228-235.
Shanker, A., Cervantes, C., Loza-Taverac, H. and Avudainayagamd, S. (2005) Chromium toxicity in plants. Environmental Interactions.31(5):739-753.
Singh, V.P., Vijay, P., Yadav, Shalini, Yadava and Narayan, R. (2018). Water quality management, water science and technology. Page:79
Sundaramoorthy, P. and Sankar Ganesh, K. (2010). Chromium stress in paddy: (i) nutrient status of paddy under chromium stress, (ii) phytoremediation of chromium by aquatic and terrestrial weeds. Comptes rendus boilogies. 333: 597-607.
Timothy, J. (2008). Salinitytolerance in halophytes. New Phytologist. 179: 945-963.
Uddin, K., Juraimi, A. S., Anwar, F. and Hossain, M.A. (2012). Effect Of salinity on proximate mineral composition of pursalne (Portulaca oleracea L.) Austr. Crop Science. 6: 1732-1736.
Wali, M., Gunsè, B., Llugany, M., Corrales, I., Abdelly, C., Poschenrieder, C.and Ghnaya, T. (2016). NaCl alleviates Cd toxicity in Sesvium portulacastrum by maintaining plant water status and redox balance, protecting chloroplasts structure and inducing some potential Cd2+ chelators as GSH and proline. Planta. 244: 333-346.
Walipur M., Karimian Eghbal, M., Malakoti, M.J. and Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H. (2008). The process of salinity development and destruction of agricultural lands in Shams Abad region of Qom province Lom and agricultural techniques and natural resources. Water and Soil Sciences. 46 (b): 683-691.
Yadav, S.K. (2010).Heavy metals toxicity in plants: An overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants. South African Journal of Botany. 76: 167–179.
Zurayk, R.A., Khoury, Talhouk, N.S. and Baalbaki, T. (2007). Salinity-Heavy Metal interactions in four salt-tolerant plant species. Plant Nutrition. 24: 1773-1786.
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Akhondi, M., Niakan, M., Mahmoodzade A., Hashti, M. (2020). Investigating the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth, photosynthetic pigments and salvia leiefolia Beneth solution under salinity stress. Plant Environmental Physiology. 14 (56): 93-74.
Angelica, M., AnnHauser D.R., Satika S. and PierreVitória, A. (2017). Plant chromium uptake and transport, physiological effects and recent advances in molecular investigations. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 140: 55-64.
Asadi R., Aghdasi A.M., Fatemi, S.M. (2019). The effect of saline treatment on the growth of some biochemical parameters of Echinacea purpurea L. Plant Environmental Physiology. 53: 1-15.
Azizi A., Rahbarian, R. and Mirblook, A. (2016). Six-potency chromium in contaminated soils using portulaca oleracea. Soil Research (Soil and Water Sciences). 30 (2): 162-172.
Babula P., Adam, V., Opatrilova, R., Zehnalek, J., Havel, L. and Kizek, R. (2008). Uncommon heavy metals, metalloids and their plant toxicity. Environmental chemistry. 6: 189-213.
Barbosa, R.M.T, Almeida, A.A.F., Mielke, M.S., Loguercio, L.L., Mangabeira, P. A.O. and Gomes, F.P. (2007). A physiological analysis of Genipa Americana L: a potential phytoremediator tree for chromium polluted watersheds. Environmental. Experimental Botany. 61: 264-271.
Black, C.A., Evans, D. and Dinauer, R. (1965).Methods of soil analysis. American Society of Agronomy Madision. pages: 653-708.
Chandra, P. and Kulshreshtha, K. (2004). Chromium Accumulation and Toxicity in Aquatic Vascular Plants. The Botanical Review. 70 (3): 313-327.
Dakily, M., and Khamis M. (2002). Selective adsorption of chromiumѴI in industrial wastewater using low cost abundantly available adsorbents. Advanced weed species. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 3 (2): 67-69.
Dong, J.F., Huang Wu, R. and Zang, G.A. (2007). Chromium-Tolerant Plant Growing in the Cr-Contaminated Land. International Journal of Phytorediation. 9: 167-179.
Dowling, V.A. and Sheehan, D. (2006). Proteomics as a route to identification of toxicity targets in ecotoxicology. Proteomics. 6: 5597-5604.
Emamverdian, A., Ding, Y., Mokhberdoran, F. and Xie, Y. (2015). Heavy metal stress and some mechanisms of plant defense response. Science world 14: 255-272.
Fozia A., Muhammad, A.Z., Muhammad, A. and Khalid, Z. M. (208). Effect of Chromium on Growth Attributes in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Survival and Sustainability. Environmental Science (China). 20 (12): 1475-80.
Furini, A. (2012). Plants and heavy metals department of biotechnology university of verona Italy ISBN: 978-94-007-4441-7(ebook) www.spring.com.
Ghorbani H., Heidari, M. and Ghafari, M. (2016). The effect of different salinity levels and heavy elements of lead and cadmium on growth, photosynthetic pigments and amounts of sodium and potassium in spinach. Greenhouse Cultivation Science and Technology. 25 (16): 15-24.
Gonzaga M.I.S., Santos A. and Ma, L. (2006).Arsenic phytoextraction and hyperacumulation by fern species (arsenic and fern species). Science Agriculture (Piracicaba, Braz). 63: 90-101.
Hayat S., Khalique G., Irfan M., Wani A., Tripathi B. and Ahmad A. (2012). Physiological changes induced by chromium stress in plants, an overview. Protoplasma. 249 (3): 599-611
Helal, H.M., Upenov, A. and Issa, G.J. (1999). Growth and uptake of Cd and Zn by Leucaene leucacephala in reclaimed soils as affected by NaCl salinity. Plant Nutrition Soil Science. 162: 589-592.
Hossain, Z. and Komatsu, S. (2013). Contrbution of proteomic studies towards understanding plant Heavy metal stress response. Frontiers Plant Science.3: 310-322.
Hossain, M.A., Piyatida, P., Teixeira da Silva, J.A. and Fujita, M. (2012). Molecular mechanism of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance in plants: central role of glutathione in detoxification of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal and in heavy metal chelation. Botany. 2012: 1-37.
Iranbakhsh, A., Saadatmand, S., Zaji B. and Khavari Nejad, R.A. (2020). Investigating some morphological and physiological responses of Dracocephalum Moldavica L. to selenium under salinity stress. Plant Environmental Physiology. 56: 13-27.
Jithesh M.N., Prashanth, S.R., Sivaprakash, K.R. and Parida, A.K. (2006). Antioxidantive response mechanisms in halophytes: their role in stress defence. Genetics. 85 (3): 237-254.
Kholodova, V. and Kuznetsov, V. (2009). Plants Under Heavy Metal Stress in Saline Environments Soil. Heavy Metals. 19: 163-183.
Kranner, I. and Colville, L. (2011). Metals and Seeds: Biochemical and Molecular Implications and Their Significance for Seed Germination. Environmental and experimental Botany. 1:72-93.
Kumar, S. and Pandey, A.K. (2013). Chemistry and Biological Activities of Flavonoids: An Overview. Scientific World. 2013: 1‒16.
Masoodi, M., Ahmad, B., Mir, S.R. and Zarger, B. (2011). Portulaca oleracea L. A Review. Pharmacy Research. 4(9): 3044-3048.
Nagajyot, P.C., Lee, K.D. and Tvm, S. (2010). Heavy metal, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 8: 199-216.
Qureshi, A.S. (2007). Areview of management strategies for salt-prone land and Water resources in Iran. International water management institute. 30p.
Rafiei, M., Hoseini, M.sh., Hamidpor, M., and Mohamadi Mimirak, A.A. (2018). Interaction of sodium chloride and cadmium on some physiological traits and sodium content and cadmium root and aerial parts Portulaca oleracea. Journal of Soil Duration and Sustainable Production. Soil Weather and Sustainable Production. 8 (4): 43-60.
Rahbarian, R., Azizi E., Behdad, A. and Mirbolook, A. (2019). Effects of Chromium on Enzymatic/ Nonenzymatic Antioxidants and Oxidant Levels of Portulaca oleracea L. Medicinal Plants and By-products. 1: 21-31.
RohitA, K., Lokhande, V. and Avinash B. Ade (2015). Investigation of chromium phytoremediation and tolerance capacity of a weed, Portulaca oleracea L. in a hydroponic system. Water and Environment. 29: 228-235.
Shanker, A., Cervantes, C., Loza-Taverac, H. and Avudainayagamd, S. (2005) Chromium toxicity in plants. Environmental Interactions.31(5):739-753.
Singh, V.P., Vijay, P., Yadav, Shalini, Yadava and Narayan, R. (2018). Water quality management, water science and technology. Page:79
Sundaramoorthy, P. and Sankar Ganesh, K. (2010). Chromium stress in paddy: (i) nutrient status of paddy under chromium stress, (ii) phytoremediation of chromium by aquatic and terrestrial weeds. Comptes rendus boilogies. 333: 597-607.
Timothy, J. (2008). Salinitytolerance in halophytes. New Phytologist. 179: 945-963.
Uddin, K., Juraimi, A. S., Anwar, F. and Hossain, M.A. (2012). Effect Of salinity on proximate mineral composition of pursalne (Portulaca oleracea L.) Austr. Crop Science. 6: 1732-1736.
Wali, M., Gunsè, B., Llugany, M., Corrales, I., Abdelly, C., Poschenrieder, C.and Ghnaya, T. (2016). NaCl alleviates Cd toxicity in Sesvium portulacastrum by maintaining plant water status and redox balance, protecting chloroplasts structure and inducing some potential Cd2+ chelators as GSH and proline. Planta. 244: 333-346.
Walipur M., Karimian Eghbal, M., Malakoti, M.J. and Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H. (2008). The process of salinity development and destruction of agricultural lands in Shams Abad region of Qom province Lom and agricultural techniques and natural resources. Water and Soil Sciences. 46 (b): 683-691.
Yadav, S.K. (2010).Heavy metals toxicity in plants: An overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants. South African Journal of Botany. 76: 167–179.
Zurayk, R.A., Khoury, Talhouk, N.S. and Baalbaki, T. (2007). Salinity-Heavy Metal interactions in four salt-tolerant plant species. Plant Nutrition. 24: 1773-1786.