بررسی اثر تنش شوری بر جوانه‌زنی بذر 18 رقم گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکمحبوبه ریاحی 1 , اکبر مستاجران 2 , مهران میراولیایی 3
1 - گروه زیستشناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران
2 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران
3 - گروه زیستشناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش شوری, گندم, وزن خشک, جوانه‌زنی, تحمل شوری,
چکیده مقاله :
شوری یکی از مهمترین تنش‌های محیطی است که موجب خسارت شدید به محصولات باغی و زراعی و همچنین کاهش تنوع زیستی در گیاهان می‌گردد. مقاومت به شوری در طول جوانه‌زنی و رشد اولیه دانه رست‌ها در مورد 18 رقم گندم (Triticum aestivumL.؛ شامل ارقام بومی، غیر بومی و هیبرید) در چهار سطح کنترل، 100، 200 و 250 میلی‌مولار کلرور سدیم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این آزمایش، به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با سه تکرار تصادفی در آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه اصفهان در سال 1394 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش سطح شوری در محیط کاشت، شاخص‌های مختلف جوانه‌زنی با شدت بیشتری تحت تاثیر قرار گرفت. مقایسه میانگین صفات نشان داد که ارقام مختلف گندم واکنش‌های متفاوتی داشتند. این ارقام از نظر مقاومت به شوری طبقه‌بندی شده و ارقام سرخ تخم، هامون، سیوند،، بزوستایا، سپاهان و روشن در گروه مقاوم و ارقام قدس، گاسپارد، کرج و نوید در گروه حساس و پایین دندروگرام قرار گرفتند. سرخ تخم و قدس از نظر شاخص استرس جوانه‌زدنی (GSI) و شاخص تحمل شوری (STI) به‌ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین میزان شاخص را نشان داده بودند. همچنین دیده شده که تیمارهای مختلف شوری اثر قابل توجهی بر درصد جوانه‌زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، طول ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه و همچنین وزن خشک ریشه و ساقه در تمام ارقام مورد مطالعه داشته است. تمام متغیرهای اندازه‌گیری شده با افزایش سطح شوری کاهش معنی‌داری نشان دادند.
Salinity is a major environmental stress that causes severe damage to crops and horticultural crops and also reduces plant biodiversity. In order to study the resistance to salinity during seed germination and early growth, 18 strains of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.; Including car, non-indigenous and hybrid carcasses) were investigated at four levels of control, 100, 200 and 250 mM sodium chloride. The experiments were conducted with a complete randomized block design in three replications in the research laboratory of department of Biology, University of Isfahan, 2015. The results showed that with increasing NaCl level in the culture media, germination indices were affected with more intense. Comparison of mean traits showed that different cultivars of wheat had different reactions. These cultivars were classified in two groups, so that Sorghtoghm, Hamon, Sivand, Bezostaya, Sepahan and Roshan were placed in resistant groups and Ghods, Guspard, Karaj and Navid cultivars were placed in sensitive and low dendrogram groups. Sorghtoghm and Ghods were shown to have the highest and lowest index for germination stress index (GSI) and salinity tolerance index (STI) respectively. The results showed that the different levels of salinity had significant effects on germination percent, germination rate, seedlings stem and root length, root, and shoot dry weight. All measured variables showed a significant decrease with increasing salinity level.
References
Abdul-Baki, A.A. and Anderson, J.D. (1973). Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiplecriteria. Crop Science. 13: 630-633.
Aghdasi, M., Fatemi, M. and Asadi, A. (2019). The impact of salt stress on growth and some biochemical parameters of Echinaceae purpurea L. journal of iranian plant ecophysiological research. 53: 1-15.
Borzouei, A., Kafi, M., Khazaei, H. and Mousavi Shalmani, M. (2012). Effect of irrigation water salinity on root traits of two salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars and its relationship with yield in greenhouse. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 2(4): 95-107. (In Persian).
Fernandez, G.C. (1992). Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In: Proceeding of the Symposium, Taiwan. 25: 257-270
Ghoulam, M.and Fares, K. (2001). Effect of salinity on seed germination and seed ling growth of sugar beet (Betavulgaris L.). Seed Science Technology. 29: 357-364.
Greenway, H. and Munns, R. (1980). Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Nonhalophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology. 31: 149-190.
Hasegawa, P.M., Bressan, R.A., Zhu, J.K. and Bohnert, H.J. (2000). Plant cellular and molecular responses to high unity. Annual Review Plant Physiology. 51: 463-499.
Haydari Sharifabadi, H. (2001). Plant and salinity. Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute. Ferdoosi University Publication. (In Persian).
Haydari, M., Bakhshandeh, A., Nadian, H., Fathi, G. and Alami, K. (2006). Effect of different levels of salinity and nitrogen on grain yield, osmotic adjustment and sodium and potassium adsorption in wheat of chamran cultivar. Iranian Journal of Agriculture science. 3(37): 503-513. (In Persian).
Hosseini, H. and Rezvani Moghadam, P. (2006). Effect of water and salinity stress in seed germination on Isabgol (Plantago ovata). Iranian journal of field crops research. 4(1): 1-22. (In Persian).
Jamil, M., Lee, C.H., Rehman, S.H., Lee, D., Ashraf, M. and Rha, E. (2005). Salinity (NaCl) tolerance of brassicaspecies at germination and early seedling growth. Electron journal Environmental Agriculture Food Chemistry. 4: 970-976.
Kafi, M., Kamkar, B. and Mahdavi Danghani, A. (2002). Crop response to growth medium. Ferdoosi University Publication. (In Persian).
Khammari, I., Sarani, S. and Dahmardeh, M. (2007). The effect of salinity on seed germination and growth in six medicinal plants. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic plants. 3(23): 331-339. (In Persian).
Khan, M. and Ungar, I. (1997). Germination responses of the subtropical annual halophyte Zygophylum simplex. International Seed Testing Association. 25: 83-92.
Kornajadi, A., Galeshi, S., Zeynali, A. and Zangi, M.R. (2004). Evaluation of salt tolerance of 30 cotton genotypes (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in germination stage. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology. 18(1): 109-111. (In Persian).
Kulkarni, M. and Swati, P. (2009). Evaluating variability of root size system and its constitutive traits in hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) under water stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 120: 159-166.
Maghsoudi, A. and Maghsoudi, K. (2008). Salt Stress Effects on Respiration and Growth of Germinated Seeds of Different Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4: 351-358.
Maguire, J.D. (1962). Seed of germination aid in selection and evaluation for seedling
emergence and vigor. Crop Science. 2: 176-177.
Mohammad, M., Shibli, R., Ajlouni, M. and Nimri, L. (1998). Tomato root and shoot responses to salt stress under different levels of phosphorus nutrition. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 21: 1-6.
Mukhtar, I. (2012). Influence of Trichoderma species on seed germination in okra. Mycopath. 6: 47-50.
Munns, R. and James, R.A. (2003). Screening methods for salinity tolerance: a case study with tetraploid wheat. Plant and Soil. 253: 201-218.
Pervize, Z., Afzal, M., Xi, S., Xiaoe, Y. and Ancheng, L. (2002). Physiological parameters of salt tolerance in wheat. Asian Journal of Plant Science. 1: 78-481.
Qu, X., Huang, A.Y., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2008). Effect of temperature, light and salinity on seed germination and radicle growth of the geographically widespread holophyte shrub Halocnemum strobilaceum. Annals of Botany. 101: 293- 299
Raid, R.J. and Smith, F.A. (2000). The limits of sodium/calcium interactions in Plant growth. Australian Journal Plant Physiology. 16: 300-315.
Sapra, V.I., Savage, E., Anale, A.O. and Bryl, C.A. (1991). Varic differences of weheat and tritical to water Stress-J. Agron Crop Science. 167: 23-28.
Sayyari, M. and Mahmoodi, S. (2002). An investigation of reason of soil salinity and alkalinity on some part ofKhorasan province (Dizbad-e-Pain Region). Thai National AGRIS Centre. 13: 1133-1138.
Shirazi, M.U., Ashraf, M.Y., Khan, M.A. and Nagvi, M.H. (2005). Potassium induced salinity tolerance in wheat. International Journal of Environment Science Technology. 2: 233-236.
Shoeoan, I.S. and Garo, O.P. (1985). Effect of different types of salinities during germination: seedling growth and water relations. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 26: 263-369.
Soltani, A., Zeinali, E., Galeshi, S. and Latifi, N. (2001). Genetic variation for and interrelationships among seed vigor traits in wheat from the Caspian Sea coast of Iran.
Seed Science and Technology. 29: 653-662.
Verslues, P.E., Agarwal, M., Katiyar-Agarwal, S., Zhu, J. and Zhu, J.K. (2006). Methods and concepts in quantifying resistance to drought, salt and freezing, abiotic stresses that affect plant water status. Plant Journal. 45: 523-39.
Yeo, A.R. and Flowers, T.J. (1989). Selection for physiological characters-examples from breeding for salt tolerance. In: Jones, Hamlyn G, Flowers, T J and Jones, M B (eds.) Plants under Stress: Biochemistry, Physiology and Ecology and Their Application to Plant Improvement. Society for Experimental Biology. 39: 217-234.
Yoshida, K. (2002). Plant biotechnology-genetic engineering to enhance plant salt tolerance. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 94(6): 585-590.
Zhu, J.K. (2001). Plant salt tolerance. Trends Plant Science. 6: 66-71.
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References
Abdul-Baki, A.A. and Anderson, J.D. (1973). Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiplecriteria. Crop Science. 13: 630-633.
Aghdasi, M., Fatemi, M. and Asadi, A. (2019). The impact of salt stress on growth and some biochemical parameters of Echinaceae purpurea L. journal of iranian plant ecophysiological research. 53: 1-15.
Borzouei, A., Kafi, M., Khazaei, H. and Mousavi Shalmani, M. (2012). Effect of irrigation water salinity on root traits of two salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars and its relationship with yield in greenhouse. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 2(4): 95-107. (In Persian).
Fernandez, G.C. (1992). Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In: Proceeding of the Symposium, Taiwan. 25: 257-270
Ghoulam, M.and Fares, K. (2001). Effect of salinity on seed germination and seed ling growth of sugar beet (Betavulgaris L.). Seed Science Technology. 29: 357-364.
Greenway, H. and Munns, R. (1980). Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Nonhalophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology. 31: 149-190.
Hasegawa, P.M., Bressan, R.A., Zhu, J.K. and Bohnert, H.J. (2000). Plant cellular and molecular responses to high unity. Annual Review Plant Physiology. 51: 463-499.
Haydari Sharifabadi, H. (2001). Plant and salinity. Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute. Ferdoosi University Publication. (In Persian).
Haydari, M., Bakhshandeh, A., Nadian, H., Fathi, G. and Alami, K. (2006). Effect of different levels of salinity and nitrogen on grain yield, osmotic adjustment and sodium and potassium adsorption in wheat of chamran cultivar. Iranian Journal of Agriculture science. 3(37): 503-513. (In Persian).
Hosseini, H. and Rezvani Moghadam, P. (2006). Effect of water and salinity stress in seed germination on Isabgol (Plantago ovata). Iranian journal of field crops research. 4(1): 1-22. (In Persian).
Jamil, M., Lee, C.H., Rehman, S.H., Lee, D., Ashraf, M. and Rha, E. (2005). Salinity (NaCl) tolerance of brassicaspecies at germination and early seedling growth. Electron journal Environmental Agriculture Food Chemistry. 4: 970-976.
Kafi, M., Kamkar, B. and Mahdavi Danghani, A. (2002). Crop response to growth medium. Ferdoosi University Publication. (In Persian).
Khammari, I., Sarani, S. and Dahmardeh, M. (2007). The effect of salinity on seed germination and growth in six medicinal plants. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic plants. 3(23): 331-339. (In Persian).
Khan, M. and Ungar, I. (1997). Germination responses of the subtropical annual halophyte Zygophylum simplex. International Seed Testing Association. 25: 83-92.
Kornajadi, A., Galeshi, S., Zeynali, A. and Zangi, M.R. (2004). Evaluation of salt tolerance of 30 cotton genotypes (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in germination stage. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology. 18(1): 109-111. (In Persian).
Kulkarni, M. and Swati, P. (2009). Evaluating variability of root size system and its constitutive traits in hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) under water stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 120: 159-166.
Maghsoudi, A. and Maghsoudi, K. (2008). Salt Stress Effects on Respiration and Growth of Germinated Seeds of Different Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4: 351-358.
Maguire, J.D. (1962). Seed of germination aid in selection and evaluation for seedling
emergence and vigor. Crop Science. 2: 176-177.
Mohammad, M., Shibli, R., Ajlouni, M. and Nimri, L. (1998). Tomato root and shoot responses to salt stress under different levels of phosphorus nutrition. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 21: 1-6.
Mukhtar, I. (2012). Influence of Trichoderma species on seed germination in okra. Mycopath. 6: 47-50.
Munns, R. and James, R.A. (2003). Screening methods for salinity tolerance: a case study with tetraploid wheat. Plant and Soil. 253: 201-218.
Pervize, Z., Afzal, M., Xi, S., Xiaoe, Y. and Ancheng, L. (2002). Physiological parameters of salt tolerance in wheat. Asian Journal of Plant Science. 1: 78-481.
Qu, X., Huang, A.Y., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2008). Effect of temperature, light and salinity on seed germination and radicle growth of the geographically widespread holophyte shrub Halocnemum strobilaceum. Annals of Botany. 101: 293- 299
Raid, R.J. and Smith, F.A. (2000). The limits of sodium/calcium interactions in Plant growth. Australian Journal Plant Physiology. 16: 300-315.
Sapra, V.I., Savage, E., Anale, A.O. and Bryl, C.A. (1991). Varic differences of weheat and tritical to water Stress-J. Agron Crop Science. 167: 23-28.
Sayyari, M. and Mahmoodi, S. (2002). An investigation of reason of soil salinity and alkalinity on some part ofKhorasan province (Dizbad-e-Pain Region). Thai National AGRIS Centre. 13: 1133-1138.
Shirazi, M.U., Ashraf, M.Y., Khan, M.A. and Nagvi, M.H. (2005). Potassium induced salinity tolerance in wheat. International Journal of Environment Science Technology. 2: 233-236.
Shoeoan, I.S. and Garo, O.P. (1985). Effect of different types of salinities during germination: seedling growth and water relations. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 26: 263-369.
Soltani, A., Zeinali, E., Galeshi, S. and Latifi, N. (2001). Genetic variation for and interrelationships among seed vigor traits in wheat from the Caspian Sea coast of Iran.
Seed Science and Technology. 29: 653-662.
Verslues, P.E., Agarwal, M., Katiyar-Agarwal, S., Zhu, J. and Zhu, J.K. (2006). Methods and concepts in quantifying resistance to drought, salt and freezing, abiotic stresses that affect plant water status. Plant Journal. 45: 523-39.
Yeo, A.R. and Flowers, T.J. (1989). Selection for physiological characters-examples from breeding for salt tolerance. In: Jones, Hamlyn G, Flowers, T J and Jones, M B (eds.) Plants under Stress: Biochemistry, Physiology and Ecology and Their Application to Plant Improvement. Society for Experimental Biology. 39: 217-234.
Yoshida, K. (2002). Plant biotechnology-genetic engineering to enhance plant salt tolerance. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 94(6): 585-590.
Zhu, J.K. (2001). Plant salt tolerance. Trends Plant Science. 6: 66-71.