اثر افزودن پرلیت در خاک بر برخی ویژگیهای رشد و فیزیولوژی نهالهای بلندمازو (Quercus castaneifolia C.A.M.) تحت تنش کم‌آبی
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکزهره ذوقی 1 , سید محسن حسینی 2 , مسعود طبری کوچکسرایی 3 , یحیی کوچ 4
1 - گروه جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، واحد نور، نور، ایران
2 - گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ، تهران، ایران
4 - گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, اصلاح خاک, تبادلات گازی, پتانسیل آبی برگ, نهالستان,
چکیده مقاله :
تنش خشکی مهمترین تنش غیر زنده است که بر رشد، توسعه و عملکرد گیاهان تاثیر بهسزایی دارد. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر پرلیت، معرفی شده به عنوان اصلاح کننده خاک، روی پاسخهای رشد و فیزیولوژیکی نهالهای بلندمازو تحت تنش کم‌آبی انجام شد. به این منظور آزمایشی در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی در شرایط گلخانه در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان اجرا گشت. نهالهای مورد نظر در بسترهای مختلف پرلیت شامل صفر (بدون پرلیت)، 15، 25 و 35 درصد در خاک به مدت 5 ماه تحت تنش کم‌آبی در سه سطح 40، 70 و 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی قرار گرفتند. اندازه گیری تبادلات گازی شامل فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنهای و تعرق و نیز پتانسیل آبی برگ، رویش قطری و ارتفاعی و وزن خشک ریشه، ساقه، برگ نهال های بلندمازو در تیمارهای مختلف در آخر دوره انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر سطوح مختلف تنش رطوبتی و پرلیت بر صفات مورد بررسی معنیدار بود. کمبود آب تا 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی سبب کاهش 51 و 68 درصد به ترتیب در میزان فتوسنتز وهدایت روزنهای برگ نهالهای بلندمازو شد. بیشترین میزان رویش قطری، طولی و وزن خشک نهالهای بلندمازو در شرایط عادی و تنش به ترتیب در تیمار 25 و 35 درصد پرلیت مشاهده گشت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد افزودن پرلیت به خاک (25 درصد) در رشد نهالهای بلندمازو مؤثر بود و ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیکی را در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی بهبود بخشید.
Draught stress is the most important abiotic stress significantly affecting plants’ growth, development, and performance. This study was carried out to determine the effect of perlite, as a modifying element of soil, on growth and physiological responses of Queues castanifolia seedlings under water deficit stress. A factorial experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design under greenhouse condition of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in Gorgan, 2015. Perlite treatments at 4 levels (0, 15, , and 35% (V/V)) were added in soil and water stress at 3 levels (40, 70, and 100% irrigation at field capacity) were applied in the pot experiment for 5 months. Some parameters including gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conduction, and transpiration), leaf water potential of seedlings, diameter and height growth, and dry weight of root, stem, leaf, and seedlings were measured in different treatments at the end of the experiment period. Results showed that all parameters were affected by different levels of irrigation and perlite. Water deficit by 40% FC reduced 51% and 68% of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, respectively. The highest diameter and height growth and dry weight of the seedlings were observed in 25% and 35% (V/V) perlite application under normal and stress conditions, respectively. The use of perlite alleviated the negative effects of water deficit and ameliorated seedling growth. The findings suggest that perlite application in soil is suitable for the production of desirable seedlings under water deficit condition.
Aghaei, K., Barzali, M., Gafarian, V. and Shekari, F. (2017). Investigation of some physiological and biochemical responses of Atemisia dracunculus to water stress. Plant Process and function, 19(6): 15-24.
Aliniaeifard, S., Rezaei-Nejad, A., Seifi-Kalhor, M., Shahlaei, A. and Aliniaeifard A. (2011). Comparison of soil and perlite (with nutrient solution supply) growing media for cultivation of Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora var. Verbena). Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5(1): 30-33.
Al-Shammari, A.M.A., Ali Abood, M. and Jaafar Hamdi, Gh.(2018). Perlite affects some plant indicators and reduces water deficit in tomato. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 1-11.
Batool, A., Taj, S., Rashid, A., Khalid, A., Qadeer, S., Saleem, A.R. and Ghufran, MA. (2015). Potential of soil amendments (Biochar and Gypsum) in increasing water use efficiency of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench. Front. Plant Science, 6(733): 1-13.
Chapman, H.D. and Pratt, P.F. (1962). Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. Soil Science, 93(1): 68.
Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J. and Pinheiro, C. (2009). Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany, 103: 551–560.
Ghazanshahi, J. (2006). Soil and Plant Analysis, 272 p. Homa Press (In Persian).
Esmaeili, A. (2001). The mechanism of drought resistance in plants. Agricultural and Industrial Journal, 27(27): 1-5.
Galeshi, S.A. (2015). Effect of environmental stresses on plants; Drought, Salinity, thermal and flooding, pp.386. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
Ghazan Shahi, J. (1997). Soil and Plant Analysis. Homa Press. pp 311.
Khonsari, V., Eslami, E. and Anvari, Ah. (2010). Effects of expanded perlite aggregate (EPA) on the mechanical behavior of lightweight concrete, in: B.H. Oh et al. (Eds.), Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures-High Performance, Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Special Loadings and Structural Applications, pp. 1354–1361. Korea Concrete Institute.
Kouchakzadeh, M., sabbagh Farshi, A.A. and Khorrmdel, N. (2008). The effect of water absorbent polymer on some physical properties of soil. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, 14(2): 176-185.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D. and Basra, S.M.A. (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 29(1): 185-212.
Hashempour, F., Rostami Shahraji, T., Assareh, M.H. and Shariat A. (2011). Impact of drought stress on some physiological traits in five Eucalypt species. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(2): 222-233.
Hu, Y., Burucs, Z., Von Tucher, S. and Schmidhalter, U. (2007). Short-term effects of drought and salinity on mineral nutrient distribution along growing leaves maize seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 60: 268-275.
Lawlor, D.W. and Cornic, G. (2002). Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25: 275–294.
Malekian, A. (2015). Study of application of perlite to increase soil moisture in arid and semi-arid regions, Sustainable Development, Solutions and Challenges Focused on Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Tourism, 2: 1-7.
Maloupa, E., Mitsios, I., Martinez, P.F. and Bladenopoulou, S. (1992). Study of substrate use in Gerbera soilless culture grown in plastic greenhouses. Acta Horticulturae, 323: 139-144.
Marsic, N.K. and Jakse, M. (2010). Growth and yield of grafted cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) on different soilless substrates. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 8: 654-658.
Mirzaei, J. and Karamshahi, A. (2015). Effects of drought stress on growth and physiological characteristics of Pistacia atlantica seedlings. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 22 (1): 31-43.
Moghimi, E., Fathi, P., Toashih, V. and Moez ardalan, M. (2011). Impact of perlite on water use efficiency and some growth components in wheat (cultivar of Zarrin). Journal of Water and Irrigation Management, 1(2): 31-42.
Nemeskeri, E., Molnar, K., Vigh, R., Nagy, J. and Dobos, A. (2015). Relationships between stomatal behaviour, spectral traits and water use and productivity of green peas (Pisum sativum L.) in dry seasons. Acta Physiology Plant, 37: 1–16.
Nourozi Haroni, N., Tabari, Kouchaksaraei, M. and Sadati, S.E. (2017). Response of growth indices of Judas tree seedling to different irrigation periods. Iranian Journal of Forest, 8(4): 419-430.
Olsen, S.R. and Sommers, L.E. (1982). Phosphorus. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, pp 1159. ASA, Madison, WI.
Ors, S. and Anapali, O. (2010). Effect of soil addition on physical properties of perlite based media and strawberry cv. Camarosa plant growth. Scientific Research and Essays, 5(22: 3430-3433.
Parameshwarareddy, R., Angadi, S.S. and Biradar. M.S. (2017). Effect of drip irrigation levels and substrates on growth, yield and quality of tomato under protected condition. The Bioscan, 12(1): 447–452.
Parad, G.A., Tabari, M. and Sadati, E. (2014). Effect of permanent and periodic flooding treatments on growth, morphological and physiological characteristics of one-year old potted seedlings of Quercus castaneifolia in Noor lowland. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 20(4): 167-181.
Parad, G.A., Tabari Kouchaksaraei, M., Striker, G.G., Sadati, S.E. and Nourmohammadi, K. (2016). Growth, morphology and gas exchange responses of two-year-old Quercus Castaneifolia seedlings to flooding stress. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 31(5): 458-466.
Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Saed-Moucheshi, A., Pakniyat, H. and Pessarakli, M. (2016). Stomatal responses to drought stress. In Water stress and crop plants: a sustainable approach, pp. 24–40. Wiley and Sons Press.
Poulos, H.M. (2007). Drought response of two Mexican oak species, Quercus laseyi and Q. sideroxila (Fagaceae), in relation to eleventional position. American journal of botany, 94: 809-811.
Rad, M.H., Meshkooh, M.H. and Soltani, M. (2011). Effects of drought stress on biomass, some growth indices and water use efficiency in Eucalyptus. Iranian Journal of Rangelands Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 1(19): 13-27.
Rahbarian P. and Salehi Sardoei A. (2014). Effect waste of palm trees and sand and perlite mixed with some srowth indices Ficus benjamina. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2(3): 573-578.
Rahmani, A., Hassani, M., Khoshnevis, M. and Nourshad, M. (2014). The effects of nutrient enrichment on nursery and field growth of Cappadocian Maple (Acer cappadocicum) saplings. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 22(2): 322-331.
Rauf, S., Al‐Khayri, JM., Zaharieva, M., Monneveux, P. and Khalil, F. (2015). Breeding strategies to enhance drought tolerance in crops. In: Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies; Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits, Al‐Khayri JM, et al. (Eds), pp. 1–70. Springer.
Roosta, H. and Sajady-Nia, A.B. (2010). Study of ecophysiological characteristics of Peppermint in two types of raft and perlite aquaponic culture media. Journal of Greenhouse Culture Science and Technology, 1(3): 51-60.
Sirin, U., Ertan, E. and Ertan, B. (2010). Growth substrates and fig nursery tree production. Scientia Agricola (Piracicaba, Braz.), 67(6): 633-638.
Sisakht Nejad, M. and Zolfaghar, R. (2014). The Effect of water stress on gas exchange in Quercus brantii and Quercus libani. Journal of Zagros Forests Researches, 2(1): 15-30.
Teng, Y. and Timmer V.R. (1996). Modeling nitrogen and phosphorus interactions in intensively managed nursery soil-plant systems, Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 76(4): 523-530.
Villar-Salvador, P., Planelles, R., Enrique, E. and Penuelas, J.R. (2004). Nursery cultivation regimes, plant functional attributes, and field performance relationships in the Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex L. Forest Ecology and Management, 196: 257-266.
Xiaoling, L., Ning, L., Jin, Y., Fuzhou, Y., Faju, C. and Fangqing C. (2011). Morphological and photosynthetic responses of riparian plant Distylium chinense seedlings to simulated autumn and winter flooding in three gorges reservoir region of the Yangtze River, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica,31: 31-39.
Zarehaghi, D., Neyshabouri, M.R., Sadeghzadeh Reyhan, M.E. and Hassanpour, R. (2015). Effect of pumice on water holding capacity in soil, growth and yield of spring Safflower in dry land conditions. Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 5(3): 192-204.
Zarik, L., Meddich, A., Hijri, M., Hafidi, M., Ouhammou, A., Ouahmane, L., Duponnois, R. and Boumezzough, A. (2016). Use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve the drought tolerance of Cupressus atlantica G. Comptes rendus Biologies, 339:185–196.
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Aghaei, K., Barzali, M., Gafarian, V. and Shekari, F. (2017). Investigation of some physiological and biochemical responses of Atemisia dracunculus to water stress. Plant Process and function, 19(6): 15-24.
Aliniaeifard, S., Rezaei-Nejad, A., Seifi-Kalhor, M., Shahlaei, A. and Aliniaeifard A. (2011). Comparison of soil and perlite (with nutrient solution supply) growing media for cultivation of Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora var. Verbena). Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5(1): 30-33.
Al-Shammari, A.M.A., Ali Abood, M. and Jaafar Hamdi, Gh.(2018). Perlite affects some plant indicators and reduces water deficit in tomato. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 1-11.
Batool, A., Taj, S., Rashid, A., Khalid, A., Qadeer, S., Saleem, A.R. and Ghufran, MA. (2015). Potential of soil amendments (Biochar and Gypsum) in increasing water use efficiency of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench. Front. Plant Science, 6(733): 1-13.
Chapman, H.D. and Pratt, P.F. (1962). Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. Soil Science, 93(1): 68.
Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J. and Pinheiro, C. (2009). Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany, 103: 551–560.
Ghazanshahi, J. (2006). Soil and Plant Analysis, 272 p. Homa Press (In Persian).
Esmaeili, A. (2001). The mechanism of drought resistance in plants. Agricultural and Industrial Journal, 27(27): 1-5.
Galeshi, S.A. (2015). Effect of environmental stresses on plants; Drought, Salinity, thermal and flooding, pp.386. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
Ghazan Shahi, J. (1997). Soil and Plant Analysis. Homa Press. pp 311.
Khonsari, V., Eslami, E. and Anvari, Ah. (2010). Effects of expanded perlite aggregate (EPA) on the mechanical behavior of lightweight concrete, in: B.H. Oh et al. (Eds.), Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures-High Performance, Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Special Loadings and Structural Applications, pp. 1354–1361. Korea Concrete Institute.
Kouchakzadeh, M., sabbagh Farshi, A.A. and Khorrmdel, N. (2008). The effect of water absorbent polymer on some physical properties of soil. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, 14(2): 176-185.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D. and Basra, S.M.A. (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 29(1): 185-212.
Hashempour, F., Rostami Shahraji, T., Assareh, M.H. and Shariat A. (2011). Impact of drought stress on some physiological traits in five Eucalypt species. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(2): 222-233.
Hu, Y., Burucs, Z., Von Tucher, S. and Schmidhalter, U. (2007). Short-term effects of drought and salinity on mineral nutrient distribution along growing leaves maize seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 60: 268-275.
Lawlor, D.W. and Cornic, G. (2002). Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25: 275–294.
Malekian, A. (2015). Study of application of perlite to increase soil moisture in arid and semi-arid regions, Sustainable Development, Solutions and Challenges Focused on Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Tourism, 2: 1-7.
Maloupa, E., Mitsios, I., Martinez, P.F. and Bladenopoulou, S. (1992). Study of substrate use in Gerbera soilless culture grown in plastic greenhouses. Acta Horticulturae, 323: 139-144.
Marsic, N.K. and Jakse, M. (2010). Growth and yield of grafted cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) on different soilless substrates. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 8: 654-658.
Mirzaei, J. and Karamshahi, A. (2015). Effects of drought stress on growth and physiological characteristics of Pistacia atlantica seedlings. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 22 (1): 31-43.
Moghimi, E., Fathi, P., Toashih, V. and Moez ardalan, M. (2011). Impact of perlite on water use efficiency and some growth components in wheat (cultivar of Zarrin). Journal of Water and Irrigation Management, 1(2): 31-42.
Nemeskeri, E., Molnar, K., Vigh, R., Nagy, J. and Dobos, A. (2015). Relationships between stomatal behaviour, spectral traits and water use and productivity of green peas (Pisum sativum L.) in dry seasons. Acta Physiology Plant, 37: 1–16.
Nourozi Haroni, N., Tabari, Kouchaksaraei, M. and Sadati, S.E. (2017). Response of growth indices of Judas tree seedling to different irrigation periods. Iranian Journal of Forest, 8(4): 419-430.
Olsen, S.R. and Sommers, L.E. (1982). Phosphorus. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, pp 1159. ASA, Madison, WI.
Ors, S. and Anapali, O. (2010). Effect of soil addition on physical properties of perlite based media and strawberry cv. Camarosa plant growth. Scientific Research and Essays, 5(22: 3430-3433.
Parameshwarareddy, R., Angadi, S.S. and Biradar. M.S. (2017). Effect of drip irrigation levels and substrates on growth, yield and quality of tomato under protected condition. The Bioscan, 12(1): 447–452.
Parad, G.A., Tabari, M. and Sadati, E. (2014). Effect of permanent and periodic flooding treatments on growth, morphological and physiological characteristics of one-year old potted seedlings of Quercus castaneifolia in Noor lowland. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 20(4): 167-181.
Parad, G.A., Tabari Kouchaksaraei, M., Striker, G.G., Sadati, S.E. and Nourmohammadi, K. (2016). Growth, morphology and gas exchange responses of two-year-old Quercus Castaneifolia seedlings to flooding stress. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 31(5): 458-466.
Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Saed-Moucheshi, A., Pakniyat, H. and Pessarakli, M. (2016). Stomatal responses to drought stress. In Water stress and crop plants: a sustainable approach, pp. 24–40. Wiley and Sons Press.
Poulos, H.M. (2007). Drought response of two Mexican oak species, Quercus laseyi and Q. sideroxila (Fagaceae), in relation to eleventional position. American journal of botany, 94: 809-811.
Rad, M.H., Meshkooh, M.H. and Soltani, M. (2011). Effects of drought stress on biomass, some growth indices and water use efficiency in Eucalyptus. Iranian Journal of Rangelands Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 1(19): 13-27.
Rahbarian P. and Salehi Sardoei A. (2014). Effect waste of palm trees and sand and perlite mixed with some srowth indices Ficus benjamina. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2(3): 573-578.
Rahmani, A., Hassani, M., Khoshnevis, M. and Nourshad, M. (2014). The effects of nutrient enrichment on nursery and field growth of Cappadocian Maple (Acer cappadocicum) saplings. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 22(2): 322-331.
Rauf, S., Al‐Khayri, JM., Zaharieva, M., Monneveux, P. and Khalil, F. (2015). Breeding strategies to enhance drought tolerance in crops. In: Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies; Agronomic, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Traits, Al‐Khayri JM, et al. (Eds), pp. 1–70. Springer.
Roosta, H. and Sajady-Nia, A.B. (2010). Study of ecophysiological characteristics of Peppermint in two types of raft and perlite aquaponic culture media. Journal of Greenhouse Culture Science and Technology, 1(3): 51-60.
Sirin, U., Ertan, E. and Ertan, B. (2010). Growth substrates and fig nursery tree production. Scientia Agricola (Piracicaba, Braz.), 67(6): 633-638.
Sisakht Nejad, M. and Zolfaghar, R. (2014). The Effect of water stress on gas exchange in Quercus brantii and Quercus libani. Journal of Zagros Forests Researches, 2(1): 15-30.
Teng, Y. and Timmer V.R. (1996). Modeling nitrogen and phosphorus interactions in intensively managed nursery soil-plant systems, Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 76(4): 523-530.
Villar-Salvador, P., Planelles, R., Enrique, E. and Penuelas, J.R. (2004). Nursery cultivation regimes, plant functional attributes, and field performance relationships in the Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex L. Forest Ecology and Management, 196: 257-266.
Xiaoling, L., Ning, L., Jin, Y., Fuzhou, Y., Faju, C. and Fangqing C. (2011). Morphological and photosynthetic responses of riparian plant Distylium chinense seedlings to simulated autumn and winter flooding in three gorges reservoir region of the Yangtze River, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica,31: 31-39.
Zarehaghi, D., Neyshabouri, M.R., Sadeghzadeh Reyhan, M.E. and Hassanpour, R. (2015). Effect of pumice on water holding capacity in soil, growth and yield of spring Safflower in dry land conditions. Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 5(3): 192-204.
Zarik, L., Meddich, A., Hijri, M., Hafidi, M., Ouhammou, A., Ouahmane, L., Duponnois, R. and Boumezzough, A. (2016). Use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve the drought tolerance of Cupressus atlantica G. Comptes rendus Biologies, 339:185–196.