تأثیر کودهای ورمی‌کمپوست و نیتروژن بر صفات مورفولوژیک، درصد و عملکرد اسانس گیاه دارویی بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
حسین رضوانی
1
(مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران)
نسترن همتی
2
(گروه گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.)
کلید واژه: اسانس, کودهای بیولوژیک, کود اوره, ورمی‌کمپوست, بادرنجبویه,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر کودهای آلی (ورمی کمپوست) و شیمیایی (نیتروژن) بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی بادرنجبویه آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی، در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 97-96 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل کود آلی ورمی کمپوست در چهار سطح صفر، 5/2، 5 و 5/7 تن در هکتار و کودشیمیایی اوره با ٤٦ درصد نیتروژن در چهار سطح شامل صفر، 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. نتایج نشان داد که کود ورمی کمپوست تاثیر معنی داری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و درصد اسانس بادرنجبویه داشت، به طوریکه بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، بیشترین تعداد شاخه فرعی، طول و عرض برگ، وزن تر، وزن خشک و درصد اسانس، در حالت کاربرد 5/7 تن در هکتار ورمی کمپوست حاصل گردید. همچنین اختلاف معنی دار بین سطوح مختلف کود شیمیایی اوره مشاهده شد به نحوی که در هنگام استفاده از کود شیمیایی درصد اسانس نسبت به حالت عدم کاربرد این کود به‌طور معنی داری افزایش یافت. بیش ترین مقدار اسانس در تیمار کاربرد همزمان ورمی کمپوست (5/7 تن در هکتار) و کود شیمیایی نیتروژن (100 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به میزان (49/0 درصد) حاصل گردید که در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد (34/0 درصد) حدود 38 درصد بیشتر بود. به طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که مصرف ورمی کمپوست به همراه نیتروژن موجب افزایش رشد اندام هوایی و تولید ماده خشک و در نهایت باعث افزایش عملکرد کمی و بهبود معنی دار عملکرد اسانس بادرنجبویه می شود.
In order to study the effect of organic (vermicompost) and chemical (nitrogen) fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative yield of Melissa Officinalis, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block Design (RCBD) with three replications in the Research Field of Golestan Research and Training Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Experimental factors included vermicompost at four levels (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 tons ha-1) and urea fertilizer with 46% nitrogen at four levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). Results showed that vermicompost had a significant effect on morphological characteristics and percentage of essential oil of Melissa Officinalis. The highest plant height, number of branches, leaf length and width, fresh weight, dry weight, and percentage of essential oil was obtained in application of 7.5 ton/ha vermicompost. Also, there was a significant difference between different levels of urea fertilizer so that the percentage of essential oil significantly increased when the fertilizer was applied. The highest amount of essential oil (0.49%) was obtained in simultaneous application of vermicompost (7.5 tons ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg ha-1) which was 38% higher than control. In general, the results showed that application of vermicompost with nitrogen increases shoot growth and dry matter production, ultimately increases the yield quantity, and significantly improves the yield of Melissa Officinalis essential oil.
Ayyobi H., Peyvast, G.A. and Olfati, J.A. (2013). Effect of vermicompost and vermicompost extract on oil yield and quality of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 58 (1): 51-60.
Azeez, J.O., Van Averbeke, W. and Okorogbona, A.O.M. (2010). Differential responses in yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) and nightshade (Solanum retroflexum Dun.) to the application of three animal manures. Bioresource Technology, 101: 2499-2505.
Azizi, M., Baghani, M., Lakzian, A. and Aroei, H. (2005). Effect of vermicompost and vermiwash foliar application on morphological characters and active ingredients content basil (Ocimum basilicum). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 21 (2): 41-52. (In Persian).
Bigonah, R., Rezvani Moghadam, P. and Jahan, M. (2015). Effect of different fertilizer management on certain quantitative and qualitative properties of medicinal plants Coriandrum sativum L. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12 (4):574-581.
Deh Dashti Zadeh, B., Arvi, H., Azizi, M. and Davarinejad, Gh. (2009). The effect of different levels of vermicompost and mineral phosphorus on growth, development and absorption of some nutrients in tomato transplant. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 40 (3): 58-49.
Fatma, E. M., EL- Zamik, I., Tomader, T., EL- Hadidy, A., EL- Fattah, L. and Seham Salem, H. (2006). Efficiency of biofertilizers, organic and in organic amendments application on growth and essential oil pf marjoram (Majorana hortensis L.) plants grown in sandy and calcareous. Agric. Microbiology Dept Faculty of Agriculture. Zagazig University and Soil Fertility and Microbiology Dept Desert Research Center Cairo Egypt.
Kiani, Z., Esmaeilpour, B., Hadian, J., Soltani Toolarood, A.A., and Fathololumi, S. (2014). Effect of organic fertilizers on growth properties nuterient absorption and essential oil yield of medicinal plant of spearmint (Mentha spicata L). Journal of Plant Production Research. 4: 63-80.
Kouchaki, A.R., Tabrizi, L. and Ghorbani, R. (2008). Effect of biofertilizers on agronomic and quality criteria of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 6 (1): 127-137.
Mafakheri, S., Omidbigi, R., Sefidkeh, F. and Rejali, F. (2010). Effect of Vermicompost, Biophosphate and Azotobacter Application on the Quantity and Quality of Essential Oil of Herbaceous Herb. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 27 (4): 605-596.
Mamta, B., Rahic, R., Pathaniad, V., Gulatic, B. and Tewaria, R. (2010). Stimulatory effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on plant growth, stevioside and rebaudioside-A contents of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Applied Soil Ecology, 46: 222-229.
Mirza M., Sefidkon F. and Ahmadi L. (1996). Natural essential oils (extraction, qualitative and quantitative identify, application). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, 175 p.
Namdari, A. (2011). The effect of different levels of compost and vermicompost on yield of peppermint. M.Sc Thesis. Islamic Azad University of Saveh. 110 pages.
Nemati, H., Azizi, M., Mohammadi, S. and Karim pour, S. (2014). The study on the effect of spraying with different concentrations of vermicompost extract (vermiwash) on the morphological traits, yield and percentage of essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Journal of Horticulture Science, 27: 411-417. (InPersian).
Nemati, A., Golchin, A. and Besharati H. (2013). The impact of bio-fertilizers on yield, growth and plant macronutrients concentration of tomato under cadmium stress. Journal of Soil Biology, 1 (2): 145-157.
Nemati, A., Golchin, A. and Besharati H. (2013). The impact of bio-fertilizers on yield, growth and plant macronutrients concentration of tomato under cadmium stress. Journal of Soil Biology, 1(2): 145-157.
Razavi Niya, S.M., Agha Ali Khani, M. and Naghdi Abadi, H. (2012). Evaloation effects of organic and chemical fertilizer on quality characteristics yield of Purple Coneflower (Echinaceae purpurea L.). Iranian Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Conference. (In Persian).
Sadeghi Moghaddam, M. and Mirzaei, M. (2008). The effect of municipal waste compost on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pumpkin. Third National Congress on Recycling and Use of Renewable Organic Resources in Agriculture. Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan Branch. Esfahan.
Sanchez, G.E., Carballo, G.C. and Ramos, G.S.R. (2008). Influence of organic manures and biofertilizers on the quality of two Plantaginaceae: Plantago major L. and Plantago lanceolata L. Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales, 13 (1): 12-15.
Santos, M.F., Mendonca, M.C., Carvalho, F., Dantas, I.B., Silva-Mann, R. and Blank, A.F. (2009). Cattle manure and biofertilizer on the cultivation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 11(4):355-359.
Shafiee Adib, Sh., Amini Hehaghi, M. and Modares Sanavi, S.A.M. (2015). Evaluation the effect of phosphorus biological and chemical fertilizers on yield and quality of Hypericum perforatum. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 31 (1): 1-15.
Tahami Zarandi, S.M.K., Rezvani Moghaddam, P. and Jahan, M. (2010). Comparison of effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and essential oil percentage of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Agroecology, 2: 63-74. (in Persian)
Vessy, J.K. (2003). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 225: 571-586.
Yanga, L., Zhaoa, F., Changa, Q., Li, T. and Li, F. (2015). Effects of vermicomposts on tomato yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse under different soil water regimes. Agricultural Water Management, 160: 98-105.
Yousefi Shyadh S.M., Chalu F. and Zangi S. (2015). Effect of vermicompost and duration of light in the greenhouse production of medicinal plants stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Science and Technology, Culture Greenhouse. 6(21): 31-38.
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Ayyobi H., Peyvast, G.A. and Olfati, J.A. (2013). Effect of vermicompost and vermicompost extract on oil yield and quality of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 58 (1): 51-60.
Azeez, J.O., Van Averbeke, W. and Okorogbona, A.O.M. (2010). Differential responses in yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) and nightshade (Solanum retroflexum Dun.) to the application of three animal manures. Bioresource Technology, 101: 2499-2505.
Azizi, M., Baghani, M., Lakzian, A. and Aroei, H. (2005). Effect of vermicompost and vermiwash foliar application on morphological characters and active ingredients content basil (Ocimum basilicum). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 21 (2): 41-52. (In Persian).
Bigonah, R., Rezvani Moghadam, P. and Jahan, M. (2015). Effect of different fertilizer management on certain quantitative and qualitative properties of medicinal plants Coriandrum sativum L. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12 (4):574-581.
Deh Dashti Zadeh, B., Arvi, H., Azizi, M. and Davarinejad, Gh. (2009). The effect of different levels of vermicompost and mineral phosphorus on growth, development and absorption of some nutrients in tomato transplant. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 40 (3): 58-49.
Fatma, E. M., EL- Zamik, I., Tomader, T., EL- Hadidy, A., EL- Fattah, L. and Seham Salem, H. (2006). Efficiency of biofertilizers, organic and in organic amendments application on growth and essential oil pf marjoram (Majorana hortensis L.) plants grown in sandy and calcareous. Agric. Microbiology Dept Faculty of Agriculture. Zagazig University and Soil Fertility and Microbiology Dept Desert Research Center Cairo Egypt.
Kiani, Z., Esmaeilpour, B., Hadian, J., Soltani Toolarood, A.A., and Fathololumi, S. (2014). Effect of organic fertilizers on growth properties nuterient absorption and essential oil yield of medicinal plant of spearmint (Mentha spicata L). Journal of Plant Production Research. 4: 63-80.
Kouchaki, A.R., Tabrizi, L. and Ghorbani, R. (2008). Effect of biofertilizers on agronomic and quality criteria of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 6 (1): 127-137.
Mafakheri, S., Omidbigi, R., Sefidkeh, F. and Rejali, F. (2010). Effect of Vermicompost, Biophosphate and Azotobacter Application on the Quantity and Quality of Essential Oil of Herbaceous Herb. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 27 (4): 605-596.
Mamta, B., Rahic, R., Pathaniad, V., Gulatic, B. and Tewaria, R. (2010). Stimulatory effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on plant growth, stevioside and rebaudioside-A contents of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Applied Soil Ecology, 46: 222-229.
Mirza M., Sefidkon F. and Ahmadi L. (1996). Natural essential oils (extraction, qualitative and quantitative identify, application). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, 175 p.
Namdari, A. (2011). The effect of different levels of compost and vermicompost on yield of peppermint. M.Sc Thesis. Islamic Azad University of Saveh. 110 pages.
Nemati, H., Azizi, M., Mohammadi, S. and Karim pour, S. (2014). The study on the effect of spraying with different concentrations of vermicompost extract (vermiwash) on the morphological traits, yield and percentage of essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Journal of Horticulture Science, 27: 411-417. (InPersian).
Nemati, A., Golchin, A. and Besharati H. (2013). The impact of bio-fertilizers on yield, growth and plant macronutrients concentration of tomato under cadmium stress. Journal of Soil Biology, 1 (2): 145-157.
Nemati, A., Golchin, A. and Besharati H. (2013). The impact of bio-fertilizers on yield, growth and plant macronutrients concentration of tomato under cadmium stress. Journal of Soil Biology, 1(2): 145-157.
Razavi Niya, S.M., Agha Ali Khani, M. and Naghdi Abadi, H. (2012). Evaloation effects of organic and chemical fertilizer on quality characteristics yield of Purple Coneflower (Echinaceae purpurea L.). Iranian Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Conference. (In Persian).
Sadeghi Moghaddam, M. and Mirzaei, M. (2008). The effect of municipal waste compost on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pumpkin. Third National Congress on Recycling and Use of Renewable Organic Resources in Agriculture. Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan Branch. Esfahan.
Sanchez, G.E., Carballo, G.C. and Ramos, G.S.R. (2008). Influence of organic manures and biofertilizers on the quality of two Plantaginaceae: Plantago major L. and Plantago lanceolata L. Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales, 13 (1): 12-15.
Santos, M.F., Mendonca, M.C., Carvalho, F., Dantas, I.B., Silva-Mann, R. and Blank, A.F. (2009). Cattle manure and biofertilizer on the cultivation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 11(4):355-359.
Shafiee Adib, Sh., Amini Hehaghi, M. and Modares Sanavi, S.A.M. (2015). Evaluation the effect of phosphorus biological and chemical fertilizers on yield and quality of Hypericum perforatum. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 31 (1): 1-15.
Tahami Zarandi, S.M.K., Rezvani Moghaddam, P. and Jahan, M. (2010). Comparison of effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and essential oil percentage of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Agroecology, 2: 63-74. (in Persian)
Vessy, J.K. (2003). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 225: 571-586.
Yanga, L., Zhaoa, F., Changa, Q., Li, T. and Li, F. (2015). Effects of vermicomposts on tomato yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse under different soil water regimes. Agricultural Water Management, 160: 98-105.
Yousefi Shyadh S.M., Chalu F. and Zangi S. (2015). Effect of vermicompost and duration of light in the greenhouse production of medicinal plants stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Science and Technology, Culture Greenhouse. 6(21): 31-38.