بررسی اثر هورمون‌های سیتوکینین و جیبرلین بر ویژگی‌های جوانه‌زنی و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی‌اکسیدانی در بذور ارقام ذرت زوال یافته (Zea mays L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
سعیده رشیدی
1
(گروه کشاورزی ، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران ، ایران)
کلید واژه: ذرت, زوال بذر, جیبرلین, سیتوکینین, آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانت,
چکیده مقاله :
زوال بذر یکی از عوامل کاهش دهنده بنیه و محدودکننده جوانه‌زنی در بذر می‌باشد. شناسایی عوامل تاثیر گذار بر زوال بذر بسیار با اهمیت است. به‌منظور بررسی اثر هورمون های گیاهی بر ویژگی های جوانه‌زنی و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانت بذور فرسوده ذرت آزمایشی در سال 1398 در آزمایشگاه بذر گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده علوم زراعی و دامی دانشگاه تهران انجام گرفت. این تحقیق به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل عامل رقم در دو سطح (رقم 704 و رقم 260)، عامل پیری زودرس در 4 سطح (0، 5، 10 و 15 روز) و عامل هورمون در دو سطح (هورمون جیبرلین و هورمون سیتوکینین) بودند. زوال بذر سبب کاهش شاخص های جوانه زنی و کاهش فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانت پراکسیداز و کاتالاز شد. تیمار بذرهای زوال یافته با هورمون های سیتوکینین و جیبرلین سبب افزایش فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدان شد. هورمون سیتوکینین نسبت به هورمون جیبرلین اثربیشتری بر افزایش فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدان در بذرهای زوال یافته داشت. نتایج نشان داد که بنیه ضعیف بذر سبب کاهش فعالیت آنزیم ها می شود و هورمون های گیاهی می تواند به عنوان یک رهیافت زراعی سبب جبران خسارت در بذرهای با بنیه پایین استفاده شود. همچنین طبق نتایج بدست آمده رقم 704 با بنیه بالاتر فعالیت آنزیمی بیشتری را نسبت به رقم 260 نشان داد.
Deterioration of seed is one of the vigor reducing factors limiting seed germination. Determination of factors affecting seed deterioration is important. In order to determine the effect of plant hormones on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activities of deteriorated corn seeds an experiment was carried out at seed and biotechnology laboratories of College of Agriculture, Tehran University in 2019. The study was designed with a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The experiment treatments included varieties at 2 levels (704 single cross hybrid and 260 single cross hybrid), accelerated aging at 4 levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 day), and hormones at 2 levels (gibberellin and cytokinin). Seed deterioration reduced germination indexes and peroxidase and catalase enzymes activity. Treatment of deteriorated seeds with cytokinin and gibberellin increased antioxidant enzymes activities. Cytokinin was more effective than gibberellin in increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in deteriorated seeds. Results indicated that low seed vigor decreased the activity of enzymes and plant hormones as an agronomy solution compensated for the loss in low vigor seeds. Also, cultivar 704, with a higher vigor indicated amore enzyme activity than cultivar260.
Arora, A., Sariam, R.K. and Srivastava, G. (2002(. Oxidative stress and antioxidant system in plants. Current Science Bangalore, 82(10): 1227-1238.
Ansari, O. and Sharifzadeh, F. )2012(. Enzyme activity and germination characteristics improved with treatment that extend vigor of primed Mountain Rye Seeds aging. Journal of Plant Physiology, 25(3): 1-6.
Afzal, I., Basra, S., Faroog, M. and Nawaz, A.) 2006(. Alleviation of salinity stress in spring wheat by hormonal priming with ABA, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. International Journal of Agricultural and Biology, 1:23-28.
Alivand, R., Tavakol Afshari, R. and Sharifzadeh, F. )2012(. Effect of gibberellin, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid on seed germination characteristics in deteriorated rape seed. Iranian Jourral of Field Crop Science. 43(4):561-571.
Bai lly, C. )2004(. Active oxygen species and antioxidants in seed biology. Seed Science Research, 14: 93-107.
Bailly, C., Benamar, A., Corbineau, F. and Come, D. )2000(. Antioxidant systems in sunflower (Helian thus annus L.) Seed as affected by priming. Seed Science Research, 10:35-42.
Basra, S.M.A., Ahmad, N., Khan, M.M., Igbal, N. and Cheema, M.A.) 2003(. Assessment of cotton seed deterioration during accelerated. Seed Science and Technology, 31:531-540.
Bernal, L., Camacho, A. and Carhallo, A. )2000(. Effect of seed aging on the enzymic antioxidant System of maize cultivars. PP.157-160 In: Black, M., K.j. Brad ford. and J. Vazgez- Ramos (eds). CABI Publshing . HK.
Begum, M., Balamurugan, P., Vanagamadi, K., Prabakar, K. and Ramakrishnan, R. )2014(. Enzyme changes during seed storage in ground nut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6 (2):748-750.
Berlette, B.S. and Stadtman, E.R. )1997(. Protein oxidation in aging disease, and oxidative Strees.The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272-20313-20316
Corbineau, F., Gay mathieu, C., Vinel, D. and Come, D. )2002(. Decrease in Sunflower seed viability caused by high temperature as related to energy metabolism, member damage and lipid composition. Physilogial Plantarum, 116: 489-496.
Chen, J., Cheng, Z. and Zhong, S. )2007(. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2 metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings lead stress. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 12: 44-49.
Esvand, H.R., Alizadel, M.A. and Fekri, A. )2010(. How hormonal of aged and non aged seeds of brome grass affects Seedling. Physilogical Characters. Journal of New Seeds, 1: 52-64.
Hampton, J.C., Cookson, W.R., Raula, A.G., Rowrth, J.S., Mcyill, C.R. and Hill, M.J. )2002(. Temperature and time variable for aceelerated aging testing of perennial ryegrass. Seed Science and Technology, 28: 861-863.
Hsu, C.C., Chen, C.L., Chen, J.J. and Suny, J.M.) 2003(. Accelerated aging enhanced lipid peroxidation in bitter gourd seeds and effects of priming and hot water soaking treatments. Scientia Horticulture, 8:201-212.
Kapoor, N., Arya, A., Siddigui, M.A., Amir, A. and Kumar, H. )2010(. Seed deterioration in chickpea (Cicer arietinam L.) under accelerated aging. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 9(3):158-162.
Kang, G.Z., Wang, Z.X., Xia, K.F. and Sun, G.C. )2007(. Protection of ultrastructure in chilling- stressed banana levels by salicylic acid .Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 8(4):277-282.
Khajeh, M., Tabatabaei, S.A., Ansari, O. and Sharifzadeh, F. )2015(. Improvement of germination characteristics and enhacement of antioxidant enzymes activity of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) aged seeds by use of gibberellin. Cerctari Agronomic in Moldova, 3(163).33-41.
Krishnan, P., Nagarajan, S., Dadlani, M. and Moharir, A.V. )2003(. Characterization of wheat (Triticam aestiavm L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds under accelerated aging condition by proton nuclear magnetic spectroscopy. Seed Science and Technology, 31:541-550.
Lehner, A., Mamadou, N.P. and Corbineau, F. )2008(. Change in soluble carbohydrates lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in the embryo during aging in wheat grains. Journal of Cereal Science, 47: 555-565.
McDonald, M.B. )1999(. Seed deterioration, physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Science and Technology, 27:177-237.
Modarresi, R., Rucher, M. and Tchrory, D.M. )2002(. Accelerating aging test for comparing wheat seed vigor. Seed Science and Technology, 30:683-687
Nichols, M.A. and Heydecker, W. )1968(. Two approaches to the study of germination date.Internaional Seed Testing Association, 33:531-540.
Rastegar, Z., Sedghi, M. and Khomari, S. )2011(. Effects of accelerated aging on Soybean Seed germination indexes at laboratory conditions. Notulae Scientia Biologicae,(3): 126-129.
Rouhi, H.R., Abountalebian, M.A. and Moosavi, S.A. )2012(. Change in several antioxiclant enzymes activity of Berseem Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) by priming. International Journal of Agriculture Science, 2(3):237-243.
Seidat, S.A., Moosalei, A. and Sharifzadeh, F. )2012(. Effect of seed priming on antioxidant activity and germination characteristics of Maize seeds under different treatments. Research Journal of Seed Science, 5(2): 51-62.
Schopfer, P., Plachy, C. and Frahry, G. )2001(. Release of reactive oxygen intermediates (superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals) and peroxidase in germination radish seeds controlled by light, gibberellin and abscisic acid. Plant Physiology, 125: 1591-1602.
Tavakol Afshari, R., Rashidy, S. and Majnon Hoseini, N. )2007(. Effect of abscisic acid and cytokinin on seed germination and vigor of deterioration rape seed high drought Stress. Journal of AgronomyScience, 32:167-176.
Thiayarajeh, M. and Kapilan, R. )2015(. Effect of aging on the germination characteristics and enzyme activity of sunflower seeds. International Journal of Research and Innovations in Earth Science, 2(6): 147-150.
Vandenbeele, S., Vanderauwera, S., Vaylsteke, M. and Vanbreasegem, F. )2004(. Catalase deficiency drastically affects gene expression induced by high light in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Journal, 39(1): 45-58.
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Arora, A., Sariam, R.K. and Srivastava, G. (2002(. Oxidative stress and antioxidant system in plants. Current Science Bangalore, 82(10): 1227-1238.
Ansari, O. and Sharifzadeh, F. )2012(. Enzyme activity and germination characteristics improved with treatment that extend vigor of primed Mountain Rye Seeds aging. Journal of Plant Physiology, 25(3): 1-6.
Afzal, I., Basra, S., Faroog, M. and Nawaz, A.) 2006(. Alleviation of salinity stress in spring wheat by hormonal priming with ABA, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. International Journal of Agricultural and Biology, 1:23-28.
Alivand, R., Tavakol Afshari, R. and Sharifzadeh, F. )2012(. Effect of gibberellin, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid on seed germination characteristics in deteriorated rape seed. Iranian Jourral of Field Crop Science. 43(4):561-571.
Bai lly, C. )2004(. Active oxygen species and antioxidants in seed biology. Seed Science Research, 14: 93-107.
Bailly, C., Benamar, A., Corbineau, F. and Come, D. )2000(. Antioxidant systems in sunflower (Helian thus annus L.) Seed as affected by priming. Seed Science Research, 10:35-42.
Basra, S.M.A., Ahmad, N., Khan, M.M., Igbal, N. and Cheema, M.A.) 2003(. Assessment of cotton seed deterioration during accelerated. Seed Science and Technology, 31:531-540.
Bernal, L., Camacho, A. and Carhallo, A. )2000(. Effect of seed aging on the enzymic antioxidant System of maize cultivars. PP.157-160 In: Black, M., K.j. Brad ford. and J. Vazgez- Ramos (eds). CABI Publshing . HK.
Begum, M., Balamurugan, P., Vanagamadi, K., Prabakar, K. and Ramakrishnan, R. )2014(. Enzyme changes during seed storage in ground nut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6 (2):748-750.
Berlette, B.S. and Stadtman, E.R. )1997(. Protein oxidation in aging disease, and oxidative Strees.The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272-20313-20316
Corbineau, F., Gay mathieu, C., Vinel, D. and Come, D. )2002(. Decrease in Sunflower seed viability caused by high temperature as related to energy metabolism, member damage and lipid composition. Physilogial Plantarum, 116: 489-496.
Chen, J., Cheng, Z. and Zhong, S. )2007(. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2 metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings lead stress. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 12: 44-49.
Esvand, H.R., Alizadel, M.A. and Fekri, A. )2010(. How hormonal of aged and non aged seeds of brome grass affects Seedling. Physilogical Characters. Journal of New Seeds, 1: 52-64.
Hampton, J.C., Cookson, W.R., Raula, A.G., Rowrth, J.S., Mcyill, C.R. and Hill, M.J. )2002(. Temperature and time variable for aceelerated aging testing of perennial ryegrass. Seed Science and Technology, 28: 861-863.
Hsu, C.C., Chen, C.L., Chen, J.J. and Suny, J.M.) 2003(. Accelerated aging enhanced lipid peroxidation in bitter gourd seeds and effects of priming and hot water soaking treatments. Scientia Horticulture, 8:201-212.
Kapoor, N., Arya, A., Siddigui, M.A., Amir, A. and Kumar, H. )2010(. Seed deterioration in chickpea (Cicer arietinam L.) under accelerated aging. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 9(3):158-162.
Kang, G.Z., Wang, Z.X., Xia, K.F. and Sun, G.C. )2007(. Protection of ultrastructure in chilling- stressed banana levels by salicylic acid .Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 8(4):277-282.
Khajeh, M., Tabatabaei, S.A., Ansari, O. and Sharifzadeh, F. )2015(. Improvement of germination characteristics and enhacement of antioxidant enzymes activity of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) aged seeds by use of gibberellin. Cerctari Agronomic in Moldova, 3(163).33-41.
Krishnan, P., Nagarajan, S., Dadlani, M. and Moharir, A.V. )2003(. Characterization of wheat (Triticam aestiavm L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds under accelerated aging condition by proton nuclear magnetic spectroscopy. Seed Science and Technology, 31:541-550.
Lehner, A., Mamadou, N.P. and Corbineau, F. )2008(. Change in soluble carbohydrates lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in the embryo during aging in wheat grains. Journal of Cereal Science, 47: 555-565.
McDonald, M.B. )1999(. Seed deterioration, physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Science and Technology, 27:177-237.
Modarresi, R., Rucher, M. and Tchrory, D.M. )2002(. Accelerating aging test for comparing wheat seed vigor. Seed Science and Technology, 30:683-687
Nichols, M.A. and Heydecker, W. )1968(. Two approaches to the study of germination date.Internaional Seed Testing Association, 33:531-540.
Rastegar, Z., Sedghi, M. and Khomari, S. )2011(. Effects of accelerated aging on Soybean Seed germination indexes at laboratory conditions. Notulae Scientia Biologicae,(3): 126-129.
Rouhi, H.R., Abountalebian, M.A. and Moosavi, S.A. )2012(. Change in several antioxiclant enzymes activity of Berseem Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) by priming. International Journal of Agriculture Science, 2(3):237-243.
Seidat, S.A., Moosalei, A. and Sharifzadeh, F. )2012(. Effect of seed priming on antioxidant activity and germination characteristics of Maize seeds under different treatments. Research Journal of Seed Science, 5(2): 51-62.
Schopfer, P., Plachy, C. and Frahry, G. )2001(. Release of reactive oxygen intermediates (superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals) and peroxidase in germination radish seeds controlled by light, gibberellin and abscisic acid. Plant Physiology, 125: 1591-1602.
Tavakol Afshari, R., Rashidy, S. and Majnon Hoseini, N. )2007(. Effect of abscisic acid and cytokinin on seed germination and vigor of deterioration rape seed high drought Stress. Journal of AgronomyScience, 32:167-176.
Thiayarajeh, M. and Kapilan, R. )2015(. Effect of aging on the germination characteristics and enzyme activity of sunflower seeds. International Journal of Research and Innovations in Earth Science, 2(6): 147-150.
Vandenbeele, S., Vanderauwera, S., Vaylsteke, M. and Vanbreasegem, F. )2004(. Catalase deficiency drastically affects gene expression induced by high light in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Journal, 39(1): 45-58.