بررسی رنگیزه‌های فیکوبیلین در سویه‌های سیانوباکتری هتروسیست دار جدا شده از شالیزارهای غرب استان مازندران
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
امیرعلی کلیایی
1
(گروه کشاورزی، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری طبرستان، ایران)
قربانعلی نعمت زاده
2
(گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، ساری، ایران)
ندا سلطانی
3
(گروه میکروبیولوژی نفت، پژوهشکده علوم کاربردی جهاد دانشگاهی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی ، تهران، ایران)
شادمان شکروی
4
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران)
کلید واژه: سیانوباکتری, آلوفیکوسیانین, فیکواریترین, فیکوبیلین, فیکوسیانین,
چکیده مقاله :
سیانو باکتری‌ها ارگانیسم‌های فتوسنتز کننده گرم منفی می‌باشند. آنها یکی از موفق‌ترین گروه‌های ارگانیسم این سیاره به شمار می‌آیند که از شکل اولیه حیات تا تکامل امروزی بر روی زمین دیده شده‌اند. در طی تاریخچه تکامل طولانیشان، سیانوباکتری‌ها تغییراتی کارکردی پیموده‌اند که این تغییرات مسئول فیزیولوژی قابل انعطاف و مقاومت وسیع اکولوژی در این باکتری‌ها است. توانایی سیانوباکتری‌ها در مقاومت به دمای بالا، تشعشع ماورای بنفش، خشک شدن، تنش‌های شوری و آبی موجب موفقیت رقابتی در دامنه وسیعی از شرایط محیطی می‌گردد. گونه‌های متنوعی از سیانوباکتری‌ها ترکیبات متفاوتی از کروموفورها و فیکوبیلی پروتئین‌ها را در جهت بهبود توانایی برداشت نور در فرایند فتوسنتز به کار می‌برند. فیکوبیلی زوم‌ها به عنوان آنتن‌های اولیه برداشت کننده نور در فتوسیستم II در سیانوباکتری‌ها و جلبک‌های قرمز وجود دارند. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی رنگیزه‌های فیکوبیلین در سویه‌های هتروسیست دار جدا شده از شالیزارهای غرب استان مازندران می‌باشد. بعد از جمع آوری نمونه خاک و کشت سویه در محیط کشت BG110، به‌منظور انجام پروسه خالص سازی کشت مجدد در محیط کشت جامد و مایع انجام گرفت. سپس سویه‌ها از لحاظ ریخت‌شناسی بررسی شدند، نتایج نشان داد که به‌دلیل سازش سویه در شرایط نوری قابل دسترس، گونه‌های مختلف از سیانوباکتری‌ها تنوع بالایی از فیکوبیلی پروتئین را در جهت بهینه سازی توانایی دریافت نور برای فتوسنتز بکار می‌گیرند. به گونه‌ای که میزان فیکوسیانین، آلوفیکوسیانین و فیکو اریترین در هر سویه متفاوت از سویه دیگر بوده و بالاترین میزان این ترکیبات پروتئینی به ترتیب در سویه MGCY372 (Plectonema boryanum) مشاهده گردید.
Cyanobacteria are gram-negative photosynthetic organisms and one of the most successful groups of organisms this planet has ever seen. They include some of the first life forms to evolve on Earth. During their long evolutionary history, cyanobacteria have undergone functional modifications, and these are responsible for their versatile physiology and wide ecological tolerance. The ability of cyanobacteria to tolerate high temperature, UV radiation, desiccation, and water and salt stresses contributes to their competitive success in a wide range of environments. Various species of cyanobacteria utilize different combinations of chromophores and phycobiliproteins to optimize their light-harvesting capabilities for photosynthesis. Phycobilisomes serve as the primary light-harvesting antennae for photosystem II in cyanobacteria and red algae. The aim of this research was to investigate phycobiliproteins in isolated heterocystous cyanobacteria from paddy fields in western Mazandaran. After collecting soil samples, cyanobacteria cultures were cultivated on a typical BG110. In addition to purification process, there were repeated sub-culturing on the solidified and liquid medium before the strains were characterized morphologically. Results indicated that because of adaptation of strains under accessible light condition, different species of cyanobacteria employ a high diversity of phycobiliprotein to optimize their light harvesting process in photosynthesis. Moreover, significant differences in the amounts of phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin were observed in various species. Maximum level of these protein compounds belonged to MGCY372 (Plectonema boryanum).
Araoz,R.,Lebert,M.,andHader,DP.(1998). Electrophoretic applications of phycobiliproteins. Electrophoresis. 19: 215-219.
Babichenko, S., Leeben, A., Poryvkina, L., van der Vagt, R. and de Vos, F. (2000). Fluorescent screening of phytoplankton and organic compounds in sea water. Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 2: 378–383.
Bennet, A. and Bogorad, L. (1973).Complementary chromatic adaptation in filamentous blue-green alga. Journal of Cell Biology. 58: 419–435.
Chaneva, G., Furnadzhieva, S., Minkova, K. and Lukavsky, J. (2007). Effect of light and temperature on the cyanobacterium Arthronema africanum- a prospective phycobiliprotein-producing strain. Journal of Applied Phycology. 19: 537-544.
Chen, F., Zhang, Y. and Guo, S. (1996). Growth and phycocyanin formation of Spirulina platensisin photohetrotrophic culture. Biotechnology Letters. 18: 603-608.
Grossman, A.R., Schaefer, M.R., Chiang, G.G. and Collier, J.L. (1994). The responses of cyanobacteria to environmental conditions: light and nutrients. In: The molecular biology of cyanobacteria, edited by Bryant DA (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht) 641-675.
Horváth, H., Kovács, A.W., Riddick, C. and Présing, M. (2013). Extraction methods for phycocyanin determination in freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria and their application in a shallow lake. European Journal of Phycology. 48: 278–286.
Kronick, M.N. (1986). The use of phycobiliproteins as fluorescent labels in immunoassay. Journal of Immunological Methods. 92: 1-13.
Lawrenz, E., Fedewa, E.J. and Richardson, T.L. (2011). Extraction protocols for the quantification of phycobilins in aqueous phytoplankton extracts. Journal of Applied Phycology. 23: 865–871.
Liu, Y., Xu, L., Cheng, N., Lin, L. and Zhang, C. (2000). Inhibitery effects of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis on the growth of human leukemia K562 cells. Journal of Applied Phycology. 52: 125-130.
Oren, A. (2000). Salts and brines. In: The ecology of cyanobacteria: their diversity in time and space, edited by Whitton BA and Potts M (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands) 281-306.
Ojit singh, K., Gunapati, O. and Tiwari, O. (2012). New record of potential cyanobacteria from Indian region falling indo-burma biodiversity hotspots north –east region of india and partial characterization for value addition. Philippine Journal of Scienc. 141(1): 57-66.
Pandey, K.D., Kashyap, A.K. and Gupta, R.K. (1995). Nutrient Status, algal and cyanobacterial flora of six streams of Schumacher Oasis, Antarctica. Hydrobiologia. 299 83-91.
Piero Estrada, J.E., Bermejo Besc, P. and Villar del Fresno, A.M. (2001). Antioxidant activity of different fractions of Spirulina platensis protean extract. Il Farmaco. 56: 497–500.
Rimbau , V., Camins, A., Romay, C., Gonzalez, R. and Pallas, M. (1999). Protective effects of C-phycocyanin against kainic acid-induced neuronal damage in rat. Neuroscience Letters. 276: 75-78.
Romay, C., Gonzalez, R., Ledon, N., Remirez, D. and Rimbau, V. (2003). C-phycocyanin: abiliprotein with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Current Protein and Peptide Science. 4: 207-216.
Roy, S., Llewellyn, C.A., Egeland , E.S. and Johnsen, G. (2011). Phytoplankton pigments: characterization, chemotaxonomy and applications in oceanography. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 165-194.
Seppälä, J. (2009) .Fluorescence properties of Baltic sea phytoplankton. Monographs of the Boreal environment research (34). Edita Prima Ltd, Helsinki, p 83
Shokravi, S., Soltani, N. and Baftechi, L. (2002). Cyanobacteria as biofertilizer in paddy fields.- National Research Council of Islamic Republic of Iran, Grant no. NRCI 489-66.
Simeunovic , J., Beslin , K., Svireev, Z., Kovac, D. and Babic, O. (2013). Impact of nitrogen and drought on phycobiliprotein content in terrestrial strains. Journal of Applied Phycology.25: 597-607.
Sobiechowska, M., Bridoux, M., Ferreira Ferreira, A.H., Perez- Fuentetaja, A. and Alben, K. (2010). Biomarkers of algal populations in phytoplankton, filamentous alga, and sediments from the eastern basin of Lake Erie 2003–2005. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 36: 298–311.
Soltani, N., Khavari-Nejad, R.A., Tabatabaei Yazdi, M., Shokravi, Sh. and Fernández-Valiente, E. (2005). Physiological and antimicrobial characterizations of some cyanobacteria in extreme environments. Ph.D Thesis On plant Physiology.
Stanier, R.Y. and Cohen-Bazire, G. (1977). Phototrophic prokaryotes: the cyanobacteria. Annual Review of Microbiology. 31: 225-274.
Steward, D.E. and Farmer, F.H. (1984). Extraction, identification, and quantitation of phycobiliprotein pigments in phototrophic plankton. Limnology and Oceanography. 29: 392–397.
Stoń-Egiert , J., Łotocka, M., Ostrowska, M. and Kosakowska, A. (2010). The influence of biotic factors on phytoplankton pigment composition and resources in Baltic ecosystems: new analytical results. Oceanologia. 52: 101–125.
Takano , H., Arai, T., Hirano, M. and Matsunaga, T. (1995). Effect of intensity and quality of light on phycocyanin production by a marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. NKBG042902. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.43: 1014-1018.
Tandeau de Marsac, N. and Houmard, J. (1993). Adaptation of cyanobacteria to environmental stimuli: new steps towards molecular mechanisms. FEMS Microbiology Letters.104: 119-189.
Woźniak, B., Bradtke, K., Darecki, M. and Dera, J. (2011). SatBaltic a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system an ongoing project in Poland part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results. Oceanologia. 53: 925–958.
Yentsch, C.S. and Yentsch, C.M. (1979). Fluorescence spectral signatures: the characterization of phytoplankton populations by the use of excitation and emission spectra. Journal of Marine Research. 37: 471–483.
Zhao, K.H., Porra, R.J. and Scheer, H. (2011). Phycobiliproteins. In: Roy S, Llewellyn CA, Egeland ES, Johnsen G (eds) Phytoplankton pigments: characterization, chemotaxonomy and applications in oceanography. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 375 – 411.
Zimba, PV. (2012). An improved phycobilin extraction method. Harmful Algae. 17: 35–39.
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Araoz,R.,Lebert,M.,andHader,DP.(1998). Electrophoretic applications of phycobiliproteins. Electrophoresis. 19: 215-219.
Babichenko, S., Leeben, A., Poryvkina, L., van der Vagt, R. and de Vos, F. (2000). Fluorescent screening of phytoplankton and organic compounds in sea water. Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 2: 378–383.
Bennet, A. and Bogorad, L. (1973).Complementary chromatic adaptation in filamentous blue-green alga. Journal of Cell Biology. 58: 419–435.
Chaneva, G., Furnadzhieva, S., Minkova, K. and Lukavsky, J. (2007). Effect of light and temperature on the cyanobacterium Arthronema africanum- a prospective phycobiliprotein-producing strain. Journal of Applied Phycology. 19: 537-544.
Chen, F., Zhang, Y. and Guo, S. (1996). Growth and phycocyanin formation of Spirulina platensisin photohetrotrophic culture. Biotechnology Letters. 18: 603-608.
Grossman, A.R., Schaefer, M.R., Chiang, G.G. and Collier, J.L. (1994). The responses of cyanobacteria to environmental conditions: light and nutrients. In: The molecular biology of cyanobacteria, edited by Bryant DA (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht) 641-675.
Horváth, H., Kovács, A.W., Riddick, C. and Présing, M. (2013). Extraction methods for phycocyanin determination in freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria and their application in a shallow lake. European Journal of Phycology. 48: 278–286.
Kronick, M.N. (1986). The use of phycobiliproteins as fluorescent labels in immunoassay. Journal of Immunological Methods. 92: 1-13.
Lawrenz, E., Fedewa, E.J. and Richardson, T.L. (2011). Extraction protocols for the quantification of phycobilins in aqueous phytoplankton extracts. Journal of Applied Phycology. 23: 865–871.
Liu, Y., Xu, L., Cheng, N., Lin, L. and Zhang, C. (2000). Inhibitery effects of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis on the growth of human leukemia K562 cells. Journal of Applied Phycology. 52: 125-130.
Oren, A. (2000). Salts and brines. In: The ecology of cyanobacteria: their diversity in time and space, edited by Whitton BA and Potts M (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands) 281-306.
Ojit singh, K., Gunapati, O. and Tiwari, O. (2012). New record of potential cyanobacteria from Indian region falling indo-burma biodiversity hotspots north –east region of india and partial characterization for value addition. Philippine Journal of Scienc. 141(1): 57-66.
Pandey, K.D., Kashyap, A.K. and Gupta, R.K. (1995). Nutrient Status, algal and cyanobacterial flora of six streams of Schumacher Oasis, Antarctica. Hydrobiologia. 299 83-91.
Piero Estrada, J.E., Bermejo Besc, P. and Villar del Fresno, A.M. (2001). Antioxidant activity of different fractions of Spirulina platensis protean extract. Il Farmaco. 56: 497–500.
Rimbau , V., Camins, A., Romay, C., Gonzalez, R. and Pallas, M. (1999). Protective effects of C-phycocyanin against kainic acid-induced neuronal damage in rat. Neuroscience Letters. 276: 75-78.
Romay, C., Gonzalez, R., Ledon, N., Remirez, D. and Rimbau, V. (2003). C-phycocyanin: abiliprotein with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Current Protein and Peptide Science. 4: 207-216.
Roy, S., Llewellyn, C.A., Egeland , E.S. and Johnsen, G. (2011). Phytoplankton pigments: characterization, chemotaxonomy and applications in oceanography. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 165-194.
Seppälä, J. (2009) .Fluorescence properties of Baltic sea phytoplankton. Monographs of the Boreal environment research (34). Edita Prima Ltd, Helsinki, p 83
Shokravi, S., Soltani, N. and Baftechi, L. (2002). Cyanobacteria as biofertilizer in paddy fields.- National Research Council of Islamic Republic of Iran, Grant no. NRCI 489-66.
Simeunovic , J., Beslin , K., Svireev, Z., Kovac, D. and Babic, O. (2013). Impact of nitrogen and drought on phycobiliprotein content in terrestrial strains. Journal of Applied Phycology.25: 597-607.
Sobiechowska, M., Bridoux, M., Ferreira Ferreira, A.H., Perez- Fuentetaja, A. and Alben, K. (2010). Biomarkers of algal populations in phytoplankton, filamentous alga, and sediments from the eastern basin of Lake Erie 2003–2005. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 36: 298–311.
Soltani, N., Khavari-Nejad, R.A., Tabatabaei Yazdi, M., Shokravi, Sh. and Fernández-Valiente, E. (2005). Physiological and antimicrobial characterizations of some cyanobacteria in extreme environments. Ph.D Thesis On plant Physiology.
Stanier, R.Y. and Cohen-Bazire, G. (1977). Phototrophic prokaryotes: the cyanobacteria. Annual Review of Microbiology. 31: 225-274.
Steward, D.E. and Farmer, F.H. (1984). Extraction, identification, and quantitation of phycobiliprotein pigments in phototrophic plankton. Limnology and Oceanography. 29: 392–397.
Stoń-Egiert , J., Łotocka, M., Ostrowska, M. and Kosakowska, A. (2010). The influence of biotic factors on phytoplankton pigment composition and resources in Baltic ecosystems: new analytical results. Oceanologia. 52: 101–125.
Takano , H., Arai, T., Hirano, M. and Matsunaga, T. (1995). Effect of intensity and quality of light on phycocyanin production by a marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. NKBG042902. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.43: 1014-1018.
Tandeau de Marsac, N. and Houmard, J. (1993). Adaptation of cyanobacteria to environmental stimuli: new steps towards molecular mechanisms. FEMS Microbiology Letters.104: 119-189.
Woźniak, B., Bradtke, K., Darecki, M. and Dera, J. (2011). SatBaltic a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system an ongoing project in Poland part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results. Oceanologia. 53: 925–958.
Yentsch, C.S. and Yentsch, C.M. (1979). Fluorescence spectral signatures: the characterization of phytoplankton populations by the use of excitation and emission spectra. Journal of Marine Research. 37: 471–483.
Zhao, K.H., Porra, R.J. and Scheer, H. (2011). Phycobiliproteins. In: Roy S, Llewellyn CA, Egeland ES, Johnsen G (eds) Phytoplankton pigments: characterization, chemotaxonomy and applications in oceanography. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 375 – 411.
Zimba, PV. (2012). An improved phycobilin extraction method. Harmful Algae. 17: 35–39.