بررسی اثر دگرآسیبی تفاله حاصل از روغن‌کشی میوه زیتون (Olea europaea L.) بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد سه رقم گندم در شرایط آب‌و‌هوایی خوزستان

محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک

آذین غفاری زاده ¹ (گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران)
سید منصور سیدنژاد ² (گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران)
موژان وفایی ³ (گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران)
عبدالعلی گیلانی ⁴ (بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منایع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران)
عذرا صبورا ⁵ (گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/03/10 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/08/18 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/09/01

کلید واژه: دگرآسیبی, ترکیبات فنلی, آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت, تفاله زیتون, فیتوتوکسیتی,

چکیده مقاله :

این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر دگرآسیبی تفاله حاصل از روغن کشی میوه زیتون (Olea europaea L.) بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد سه رقم گندم انجام شد. آزمایش در شرایط گلدانی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در پنج سطح تفاله حاصل از روغن کشی میوه زیتون (صفر، 1، 3، 5 و 7 درصد حجمی/حجمی) و سه رقم گندم (تریتیکاله، کرخه و چمران) به اجرا درآمد. میزان پروتئین های محلول برگ، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز برگ و میزان مالون دی آلدئید برگ در مرحله سنبله رفتن و وزن سنبله، طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در هر سنبله، وزن دانه های سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، شاخص برداشت کل، محتوای پرولین دانه و کربوهیدرات محلول دانه در مرحله رسیدگی کامل گندم سنجش شد. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، میزان پروتئین های محلول برگ، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز برگ، وزن سنبله، طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در هر سنبله، وزن دانه های سنبله، وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت کل با افزایش مقدار تفاله در خاک در هر سه رقم گندم نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. اما میزان فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز برگ، میزان مالون دی آلدئید برگ، پرولین دانه و کربوهیدرات محلول دانه در سه رقم گندم با افزایش مقدار تفاله زیتون در خاک نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. از آن جایی که تفاله حاصل از روغن کشی میوه زیتون دارای ترکیبات فنلی می باشد، اثرات بازدارندگی تفاله زیتون بر رشد گندم به این ترکیبات نسبت داده شده است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design and three replications at five levels (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 % W/W) of olive fruit pomace and three wheat cultivars (Triticale, Karkhe and Chamran). The amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase enzymes of leaf, and amount of malondialdehyde of leaf at ear emergence stage and spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, total harvest index, grain proline content, and grain soluble carbohydrate content at complete ripeness stage of wheat were measured. According to the results, amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activity of peroxidase of leaf, spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight and total harvest index decreased in the three wheat cultivars with an increase in the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. But the amount of activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzyme of leaf, amount of malondialdehyde of leaf, grain proline, and grain soluble carbohydrate content showed increase in the three wheat cultivars by increasing the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. Since olive fruit pomace contains phenolic compounds, the inhibitory effects of olive pomace on wheat growth are attributed to these compounds.  

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