تأثیر محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی بر عملکرد و غنی‌سازی دانه ارقام ذرت شیرین(Zea mays var saccharata) در الگوهای مختلف آبیاری تناوبی
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکبابک پیکرستان 1 , طیبه بساکی 2
1 - گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
2 - گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: روی, هیبرید, پرولین, الگوی آبیاری, ذرت شیرین,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی اثرمتقابل کم‌آبیاری و تأثیر محلول روی بر غنی‌سازی دانه ارقام ذرت شیرین در سال 1393 و 1394 به‌صورت اسپیلت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه آزمایشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک انجام شد. سطوح الگوی آبیاری شامل (آبیاری کلیه جویچه‌ها (شاهد)، آبیاری یک درمیان جویچه‌ها، آبیاری یک در میان متناوب جویچه‌ها) به‌عنوان کرت‌های اصلی و سطوح محلول‌پاشی روی (عدم محلول‌پاشی (شاهد محلول‌پاشی آب)، کاربرد سولفات روی زینک درآپ دو در هزار، کاربرد سولفات روی زینک فست دو در هزار) به‌عنوان کرت‌های فرعی و ارقام هیبرید ذرت (شیرین و فوق شیرین) به‌عنوان کرت‌های فرعی- فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات موردبررسی در این پژوهش ارتفاع گیاه، عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، شاخص برداشت، مقدار روی دانه و پرولین برگ بود. اثر متقابل تیمارها باعث افزایش 33 درصدی ارتفاع بوته، 27 درصدی عملکرد دانه، 21 درصدی وزن هزار دانه و 13 درصدی شاخص برداشت گردید. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد قابل کنسرو به تیمار آبیاری تناوبی، زینک فست درهیبرید چلنجر و کمترین به تیمار آبیاری یک‌درمیان، محلول‌پاشی شاهد درهیبرید چیس تعلق گرفت. در بررسی مقدار روی در دانه، بیشترین مقدار به تیمار آبیاری تناوبی، زینک فست در هیبرید چلنجر و کمترین به تیمار آبیاری یک درمیان، محلول‌پاشی شاهد در هیبرید چیس تعلق گرفت که در سطح یک درصد اختلاف معنی‌دار داشتند. بیشترین اثرات متقابل تیمار آبیاری متناوب، زینک فست و رقم چلنجرب و کمترین به تیمار آبیاری یک درمیان، زینک دراپ و رقم چلنجر تعلق گرفت. بر طبق نتایج تحقیق، در شرایط کم‌آبی، استفاده از الگوی آبیاری تناوبی و محلول‌پاشی زینک فست در رقم چلنجر قابل توصیه است.
This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate interaction effect of irrigation and zinc foliar application on physiological enrichment indices of two hybrids of sweet corn as the split plot factorial in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in the experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Arak in 2014 and 2015. All furrow irrigation (control, I1) and every other furrow irrigation (I2), and alternative every other furrow irrigation (I3) as the main plot and solution spraying levels including Zn 1 (No injection Zn), Zn 2 (Drop Zn) and Zn 3 (Fast Zn) were the subplots. Also, sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata) varieties (sweet and ultra-sweet) were considered as the subplots. Parameters under investigation included plant height, seed yield, one thousand seed weight, harvest index, seed Zn content and leaf proline content. Interaction effects of the treatments increased plant height by 33%, grain yield by 27%, one thousand seed weight by 21%, and harvest index by 13%. The highest amount of cannable grain yield was observed in periodic irrigation, zinc fast in Challenger hybrid while the lowest amount was recorded in every other furrow irrigation treatment without zinc and Chase Hybrid. The highest level of grain zinc content was observed in the alternative irrigation zinc fast treatment in the Challenger hybrid while the lowest level was recorded in every other furrow irrigation without zinc in Chase hybrid which showed significant difference at p≤0.01. The highest interaction of effects was observed in the alternative irrigation treatment, zinc fast, and Challenger cultivar with average harvest index and lowest was observed in every other furrow irrigation, drop Zinc, and Challenger cultivar. According to the results of this study, in low irrigation conditions, application of alternative irrigation pattern and Zinc-fast foliar application in Challenger cultivar is recommended.
Adiloglu, A. Talian, D.D. Abin, S. Davison, D. and Petersen, J.L. (2006). The Effect of Boron (B) Application on the growth and nutrient contents of maize in zinc (Zn) deficient soils. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 2:1-4
Ahmadi, J. Zieinal, H. Rostami, M.A. and Chogun, R. (2013).Study of drought resistance in commercially late maturing dent corn hybrids. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science.31: 891-907. (In Persian).
Anderson, O. Flix, E. Hani, H.A. and Maarton, D. (2012). Effect of water stress and different nitrogen rates on phenology, growth and development of corn. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 14:116-12.
Ashraf, M. Arno, E. Beling, H.A. and Santos, D. (2012). Biotechnological approach of improving plant salt tolerance using antioxidants as markers. Biotechnology Advances. 27:84-93.
Bates, S. Waldern, R.P. and Teare, E.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soli. 39: 205-207.
Cakmak, M. Kapoor, R. and Mukerji, K.G. (2008). Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology.Second Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc. New York,P. 997.
Ernest, E.D. and Rinaldi, M. (2013).Yield response of corn to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in a Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research. 105: 202-210.
Evelin, H. Kapoor, R. and Giri, B. (2014).the effect of drought stress in alleviation of saltstress: A review. Annals of Botany.104: 1263–1280.
Friedrik, R. Shimada, Y. Asami T. Fujioka, S. and Yoshida, S. (2012). Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research.89: 1-16.
Ghatavi, R.F. Jackson, B.C. Kiniry, J.R. and Arkin, G.F. (2012). Water deficit timing effects on yield components in maize.Agronomy Journal. 81: 61-65.
Kaman, H. Kirda, C. and Sesveren, S. (2011). Genotypic differences of maize in grain yield response to deficit irrigation.AgriculturalWater Management. 98: 801-807.
Layer, E.J. and Clegg, M.O. (2003). Using corn maturity to maintain grain yield in the presence of late season drought. Journal of Production Agriculture. 12: 400-405.
Loongenecker, S.R. Jones, J. and Crookston, R.K. (2009). Effect of water deficit during grain filling on the pattern of maize kernel growth and development. Crop Science. 27: 726-730.
Lutts, S. Kinet, J.M. and Bouharmont, J. (1996). NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity rsistance.Annals of Botany. 78: 389-398.
Nouri azhar, J. and Ehsanzedeh, P. (2007). Study of relationship of some growth indices and yield of five corn hybrids at two irrigation regime in Esfahan region. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 38: 170–175.
Payero, J.O. Tarkalson, D.D. Irmak, S. Davison, D. and Petersen, J.L. (2009). Effect of timing of a deficit-irrigation allocation on corn evapotranspiration, yield, and water use efficiency and dry mass. Agricultural Water Management. 96: 1387-1397.
Rahnama, S.R. Parsa, M. Nezami, A. and Ganjeali, A. (2006). The effects of drought stress at different phenological stages on growth indices of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 1(2): 69-72.
Rakers, J. Bressan, R. A. Zhu, J. K. and Bohnert, H. J. (2013). Physiological bases for yield differences in selected maize cultivars from Central America. Field Crops Research.42: 69-80.
Reynold, P. and Westgate, M.E. (2014).Water deficit affects receptivity of maize silks.Crop Science. 33: 278-182.
Sanders, O.T.R. and Shaw, M. (2014).Temperature and soil water effects on maize growth, development, yield and forage quality.Crop Science. 36: 341-348.
Scot, P. and Aboudrare, A. (2009). Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environment. Europeanm Journal of Agronomy. 21: 433-446.
Shahbaz, M. Ashraf, M. (2007). Influence of exogenous application of Brassinosteroid on growth and mineral nutrients of corn under saline conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39:513-522.
Soleymanifard, A. Pourdad, S.S. Naseri, R. and Mirzaei, A. (2011). Effect of drought stress on growth indices of sweet corn in rainfed conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 47:327–340.
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Adiloglu, A. Talian, D.D. Abin, S. Davison, D. and Petersen, J.L. (2006). The Effect of Boron (B) Application on the growth and nutrient contents of maize in zinc (Zn) deficient soils. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 2:1-4
Ahmadi, J. Zieinal, H. Rostami, M.A. and Chogun, R. (2013).Study of drought resistance in commercially late maturing dent corn hybrids. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science.31: 891-907. (In Persian).
Anderson, O. Flix, E. Hani, H.A. and Maarton, D. (2012). Effect of water stress and different nitrogen rates on phenology, growth and development of corn. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 14:116-12.
Ashraf, M. Arno, E. Beling, H.A. and Santos, D. (2012). Biotechnological approach of improving plant salt tolerance using antioxidants as markers. Biotechnology Advances. 27:84-93.
Bates, S. Waldern, R.P. and Teare, E.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soli. 39: 205-207.
Cakmak, M. Kapoor, R. and Mukerji, K.G. (2008). Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology.Second Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc. New York,P. 997.
Ernest, E.D. and Rinaldi, M. (2013).Yield response of corn to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in a Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research. 105: 202-210.
Evelin, H. Kapoor, R. and Giri, B. (2014).the effect of drought stress in alleviation of saltstress: A review. Annals of Botany.104: 1263–1280.
Friedrik, R. Shimada, Y. Asami T. Fujioka, S. and Yoshida, S. (2012). Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research.89: 1-16.
Ghatavi, R.F. Jackson, B.C. Kiniry, J.R. and Arkin, G.F. (2012). Water deficit timing effects on yield components in maize.Agronomy Journal. 81: 61-65.
Kaman, H. Kirda, C. and Sesveren, S. (2011). Genotypic differences of maize in grain yield response to deficit irrigation.AgriculturalWater Management. 98: 801-807.
Layer, E.J. and Clegg, M.O. (2003). Using corn maturity to maintain grain yield in the presence of late season drought. Journal of Production Agriculture. 12: 400-405.
Loongenecker, S.R. Jones, J. and Crookston, R.K. (2009). Effect of water deficit during grain filling on the pattern of maize kernel growth and development. Crop Science. 27: 726-730.
Lutts, S. Kinet, J.M. and Bouharmont, J. (1996). NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity rsistance.Annals of Botany. 78: 389-398.
Nouri azhar, J. and Ehsanzedeh, P. (2007). Study of relationship of some growth indices and yield of five corn hybrids at two irrigation regime in Esfahan region. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 38: 170–175.
Payero, J.O. Tarkalson, D.D. Irmak, S. Davison, D. and Petersen, J.L. (2009). Effect of timing of a deficit-irrigation allocation on corn evapotranspiration, yield, and water use efficiency and dry mass. Agricultural Water Management. 96: 1387-1397.
Rahnama, S.R. Parsa, M. Nezami, A. and Ganjeali, A. (2006). The effects of drought stress at different phenological stages on growth indices of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 1(2): 69-72.
Rakers, J. Bressan, R. A. Zhu, J. K. and Bohnert, H. J. (2013). Physiological bases for yield differences in selected maize cultivars from Central America. Field Crops Research.42: 69-80.
Reynold, P. and Westgate, M.E. (2014).Water deficit affects receptivity of maize silks.Crop Science. 33: 278-182.
Sanders, O.T.R. and Shaw, M. (2014).Temperature and soil water effects on maize growth, development, yield and forage quality.Crop Science. 36: 341-348.
Scot, P. and Aboudrare, A. (2009). Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environment. Europeanm Journal of Agronomy. 21: 433-446.
Shahbaz, M. Ashraf, M. (2007). Influence of exogenous application of Brassinosteroid on growth and mineral nutrients of corn under saline conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39:513-522.
Soleymanifard, A. Pourdad, S.S. Naseri, R. and Mirzaei, A. (2011). Effect of drought stress on growth indices of sweet corn in rainfed conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 47:327–340.