اثر کودهای زیستی بیومیک و نانو (آهن، روی، منگنز) بر عملکرد اقتصادی، آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و غلظت برخی عناصر چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) تحت تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکعصمت هاشمی 1 , نفیسه مهدی نژاد 2 , براتعلی فاخری 3 , رقیه محمد پور 4
1 - گروه فضای سبز و باغبانی، دانشگاه زابل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل،زابل، ایران
2 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
3 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، دانشگاه زابل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
کلید واژه: عملکرد, ریز مغذی, محلول‌پاشی, کمبود آب, چای مکی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثرات کود نانو (آهن، روی، منگنز)، زیستی بیومیک و تنش خشکی بر عملکرد اقتصادی کاسبرگ، فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی و غلظت برخی عناصر در گیاه چای ترش تحت تنش خشکی، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در سال 1394 به صورت کرت های یک بار خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمار های آزمایش شامل چهار سطح تنش خشکی (30، 50، 70 و 90 درصد رطوبت قابل دسترس) به عنوان عامل اصلی و چهار سطح (عدم مصرف کود، نانو آهن، ترکیبات آهنی و نانو زیستی بیومیک) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. اثرات اصلی تنش خشکی، کود و برهمکنش آن ها بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی دار شد. بیشترین وزن تر و خشک محلول پاشی کود نانو آهن و تنش خشکی 70 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بدست آمد. تیمار کود نانو آهن و 30 درصد رطوبت قابل دسترس، بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز، گایاکول پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز را شامل شد. کاربرد کود نانو آهن باعث افزایش غلظت عناصر ماکرو و میکرو (آهن، روی،ازت، فسفر وپتاس) در گیاه شد و بیشترین مقدار غلظت عناصر آهن، روی، فسفر وپتاس در برهمکنش کود نانو آهن و تنش خشکی 70 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بدست آمد. به‌طورکلی می توان گفت تنش موجب تأثیرات مخرب بر گیاه شده و مصرف نانو آهن موجب افزایش تحمل گیاه به تنش شده و استفاده از گیاه چای ترش برای شرایط تنش مناسب می باشد.
In order to investigate the effects of nanofertilizers (Fe, Zn, and Mn), Bioumik biological fertilizer, and drought stress on the economic yield of the sepal, antioxidant enzymes, and concentration of some elements in roselle plants under drought stress, a spilt plots experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm of the University of Zabol in 2015. Experimental treatments included drought stress at 4 levels (30, 50, 70, and 90 percent available moisture) as the main factor and four levels of fertilizers (no fertilizer, nano-iron, iron compounds, and nano-biological fertilizers) as the sub-agent. The main effects of drought stress, fertilizer, and their interactions on all traits were significant at P≤0.01. The highest fresh and dry weights were obtained under nano-iron fertilizer and 70 percent drought tolerance. Nano-iron fertilizer and 30 percent available moisture content resulted in the highest levels of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. Application of nano-iron fertilizer increased the concentration of micro and macro elements (Fe, Zn, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) in the plant and the highest concentrations of the elements were observed in the interaction of nano-iron fertilizer with drought stress at 70 percent capacity of the pot. In general, it can be said that stress has a destructive effect on the plant, the use of nano-iron increases plant tolerance to stress, and the use of Roselle plant is suitable for stress conditions.
Amirinejad, M., Akbari, Gh., Baghizadeh, A., allahdadi, I., Shahbazi, M. and Naimi, M. (2015). Effects of drought stress and foliar application of zinc and iron on some biochemical parameters of cumin. Agricultural crop management. 17(4): 855-866. (In Persian)
Babaeian, M., Heidari, M. and Ghanbari, A. (2010). Effect of water stress and foliar micronutrient application on physiological caharctersitics and nutrient uptake in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 12 (4): 377-391. (In Persian).
Beers, G.R. and Sizer, I.V. (1952). A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 195(1): 133-140.
Duke, J.A. (2006). Ecosystematic data on economic plants. Journal of Crude Research. 17(3):91-110
El-Masri, M.f., Amberger, A., El-Fouly, M.M. and Rezk, A.I. (2002). Zn increased flowering and pod setting in faba beans and its interaction with Fe in relation to their contents in different plant parts. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 5(2): 143-145.
Fatemy, F. and Evans, K. (1986). Effects of Globodera rostochiensis and water stress on shoot and root growth and nutrient uptake of potatoes. Revune Nematol. 9(2): 181-184.
Gunes, A., Pilbeam, D.J., Inal, A., Coban, S. and Aksu, A. (2008). Influence of silicon on sunflower cultivars under drought stress. II: Essential and nonessential element uptake determined by polarized energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence. Commun. Soil Sciences. Plant Anal. 39: 1904-1927.
Hong, W. and Ji-Yan, J. (2007). Effects of zinc deficiency and drought stress on plant growth and metabolism of reactive oxygen species in maize (Zea mays L.). Agricultural Science in China.
Kangrshahy, P. (2003). The effect of micronutrients and track the performance and yield of maize. Master's Thesis Tehran University. (In Persian)
Kar, M. and Mishra, D. (1976). Catalase, proxidase, polyphenol oxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiology. 57(2): 315 - 319.
Lewis, D.C. and Macfalane, J.D. (1986). Effect of foliar applied manganese on the growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) and the diagnosis of manganes deficiency by plant tissue and seed analysis. Journal Agricultural Research. 37(6): 567-572
Liu, R. and Lal, R., (2015). Potentials of engineered nanoparticles as fertilizers for increasing agronomic productions. Science of the Total Environment. 514: 131–139.
Malakoti, M., and Tehrani, M. (2000). The role of micronutrients in enhancing the performance and improve the quality of Agricultural Product. Tarbiat Modares University Press
Mann, C. and Staba, E.J. (1986). The chemistry, pharmacology, and commercial formulations of chamomile. In: L.E.Craker and J.E. Simon (eds.). Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants. Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, and Pharmacology. pp. 235-280.
Mousa, G.T., El-Sallami, I.H. and Ali, E.F. (2003). Response of Nigella sativa L. to foliar application ofgibberellic acid, benzyladenine, iron and zinc. Assiut Journal of Agricultural of Science (Egypt). 32: 141-156.
Naderi, M. and Shahraki, E. (2011). Optimized application of nanotechnology in the formulation of chemical fertilizers. Monthly Nanotechnology. 165(4): 20-22. (In Persian)
Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascarbate specific peroxidases in spinach Chloroplasts. Plant cell physiology. 22(5): 867-880.
Pal, K.K., Tilak, V.B.R., Saxena, A.K., Dey, R. and Singh, C.S. (2001). Suppression of maize root diseases caused by Macrophomia phaseolina, Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium graminaerum caused by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Microbiological Research. 156(3): 209-223.
Payegozar, Y. (2008). Effect offoliar applicationof micro nutrient sonquantitative and qualitative characteristics of pearl millet under drought stress. Master's thesis, Department of Agriculture, University of Zabol
Peyvandi, M., Parande, H. and Mirza, M., (2015). Comparison of nano Fe chelate with Fe chelate effect on quantitative and qualitative Essential Oil of Ocimum Basilicum. Research of medicinal plants and aromatic plants of Iran. 31(2): 185-193. . (In Persian)
Rahbarian, P., Afsharmanesh, Gh., Modafe Behzadi, N. (2011).Effects of drought stress and plant density on yield roselle (Hibiscus sabdarifa) in Jiroft. New Findings in Agriculture. 5(3): 237-245.
Ranjbar, M., and Shams, Gh.A. (2009). Using of nano technology. Ecological green journal. 3: 29-34
Ravi, S., Channal, H.T., Hebsur, N.S., Patil, B.N. and Dharamtti, P.R. (2008). Effect of sulphur, zinc and iron nutrition on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 21(3): 382-385.
Reddy, A.R., Chaitanya, K.V. and Vivekanandan, M. (2004). Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology. 161(11): 1189-1202.
Reynold, G.H. (2002). Forward to the future nanotechnology and regulatory policy, Pacific Research Institute. 1-23.
Rezaei, R., Hosseini, M., Shabanali Fami, H. and Safa, L. (2009). Identification and Analysis of the Barriers of Nanotechnology Development in the Iranian Agricultural Sector from the Viewpoint of the Researchers. Journal of Science and Technology Policy. 2(1): 17-26. (In Persian)
Sadeghzadeh Ahari, D., Hasan dokht, M., Kashi, E., Amri, A. and Alizadeh. Kh. (2010). Selection for Droght Tolerance in Some Iranian Fenugreek Landraces.Horticultural Science and Technology. 11(2): 111-132. (In Persian)
Said-Al Ahl, H. and Omer, E.A. (2009). Effect of spraying with zinc and / or iron on growth and chemical composition of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) harvested at three stages of development. Journal of Medicinal Food Plants. 1: 30-46.
Sairam, R.K. and Saxena, G.C. (2000). Oxidative stress and antioxidant in wheat genotype: Possible mechanism of water stress tolerance. Agronomy and Crop Sciences. 184(1): 55-61.
Sandoghdaran, M.H., (2000). A Report on the cultivation of maci tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) in the semi-Zabul well. Deputy of education and Research center for natural resources and animal sciences of sistan and baluchchestan province. (In Persian)
Shabanzadeh, S.H., Ramroudi, M. and Galavi, M. (2012). Influence of micronutrients foliar application on seed yield and quality traits of black Cumin in different irrigation regimes. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 1(2): 79-89.
Shalaby, A. S. and Razin, A.M. (1989). Effect of plant Spacing on the productivity of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). grown in new reclaimed land. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 162: 1-2, 40-42.
Subramanian, K.S., Manikandan, A., Thirunavukkarasu, M. and SharmilaRahale, C., (2015). Nano-fertilizers for Balanced Crop Nutrition. Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture. Rai M, Duran N, Ribeiro C, Mattoso L. Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London. Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Van Loon, L.C. (2007). Plant response to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 119(3): 243-254.
Walinga, I., van Vark, W., Houba, V.J.G. and Van der Lee, J.J. (1989). Plant Analysis Procedures. Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Syllabus part 7. Pp: 197-200.
Wu, S.C., Caob, Z.H., Lib, Z.G., Cheunga, K.C., and Wong, M.H. (2005). Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma. 125(1-2): 155-166.
Yegappan, T. M., Paton, D. M., Gates, C.T., and Muller, W. J. (1982). Genetic variability of sunflower cultivars. water stress in sunflower response of cypsela size. Annuals of Botany by London. 4 (1): 63-65.
Zehtab-Salmasi, S., Heidari, F. and Alyari, H. (2008). Effect of microelements and plant density on biomass and essential oil production of peppermint (Mentha piperment L.). Plant Science Research. 1: 24-28.
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Amirinejad, M., Akbari, Gh., Baghizadeh, A., allahdadi, I., Shahbazi, M. and Naimi, M. (2015). Effects of drought stress and foliar application of zinc and iron on some biochemical parameters of cumin. Agricultural crop management. 17(4): 855-866. (In Persian)
Babaeian, M., Heidari, M. and Ghanbari, A. (2010). Effect of water stress and foliar micronutrient application on physiological caharctersitics and nutrient uptake in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 12 (4): 377-391. (In Persian).
Beers, G.R. and Sizer, I.V. (1952). A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 195(1): 133-140.
Duke, J.A. (2006). Ecosystematic data on economic plants. Journal of Crude Research. 17(3):91-110
El-Masri, M.f., Amberger, A., El-Fouly, M.M. and Rezk, A.I. (2002). Zn increased flowering and pod setting in faba beans and its interaction with Fe in relation to their contents in different plant parts. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 5(2): 143-145.
Fatemy, F. and Evans, K. (1986). Effects of Globodera rostochiensis and water stress on shoot and root growth and nutrient uptake of potatoes. Revune Nematol. 9(2): 181-184.
Gunes, A., Pilbeam, D.J., Inal, A., Coban, S. and Aksu, A. (2008). Influence of silicon on sunflower cultivars under drought stress. II: Essential and nonessential element uptake determined by polarized energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence. Commun. Soil Sciences. Plant Anal. 39: 1904-1927.
Hong, W. and Ji-Yan, J. (2007). Effects of zinc deficiency and drought stress on plant growth and metabolism of reactive oxygen species in maize (Zea mays L.). Agricultural Science in China.
Kangrshahy, P. (2003). The effect of micronutrients and track the performance and yield of maize. Master's Thesis Tehran University. (In Persian)
Kar, M. and Mishra, D. (1976). Catalase, proxidase, polyphenol oxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiology. 57(2): 315 - 319.
Lewis, D.C. and Macfalane, J.D. (1986). Effect of foliar applied manganese on the growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) and the diagnosis of manganes deficiency by plant tissue and seed analysis. Journal Agricultural Research. 37(6): 567-572
Liu, R. and Lal, R., (2015). Potentials of engineered nanoparticles as fertilizers for increasing agronomic productions. Science of the Total Environment. 514: 131–139.
Malakoti, M., and Tehrani, M. (2000). The role of micronutrients in enhancing the performance and improve the quality of Agricultural Product. Tarbiat Modares University Press
Mann, C. and Staba, E.J. (1986). The chemistry, pharmacology, and commercial formulations of chamomile. In: L.E.Craker and J.E. Simon (eds.). Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants. Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, and Pharmacology. pp. 235-280.
Mousa, G.T., El-Sallami, I.H. and Ali, E.F. (2003). Response of Nigella sativa L. to foliar application ofgibberellic acid, benzyladenine, iron and zinc. Assiut Journal of Agricultural of Science (Egypt). 32: 141-156.
Naderi, M. and Shahraki, E. (2011). Optimized application of nanotechnology in the formulation of chemical fertilizers. Monthly Nanotechnology. 165(4): 20-22. (In Persian)
Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascarbate specific peroxidases in spinach Chloroplasts. Plant cell physiology. 22(5): 867-880.
Pal, K.K., Tilak, V.B.R., Saxena, A.K., Dey, R. and Singh, C.S. (2001). Suppression of maize root diseases caused by Macrophomia phaseolina, Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium graminaerum caused by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Microbiological Research. 156(3): 209-223.
Payegozar, Y. (2008). Effect offoliar applicationof micro nutrient sonquantitative and qualitative characteristics of pearl millet under drought stress. Master's thesis, Department of Agriculture, University of Zabol
Peyvandi, M., Parande, H. and Mirza, M., (2015). Comparison of nano Fe chelate with Fe chelate effect on quantitative and qualitative Essential Oil of Ocimum Basilicum. Research of medicinal plants and aromatic plants of Iran. 31(2): 185-193. . (In Persian)
Rahbarian, P., Afsharmanesh, Gh., Modafe Behzadi, N. (2011).Effects of drought stress and plant density on yield roselle (Hibiscus sabdarifa) in Jiroft. New Findings in Agriculture. 5(3): 237-245.
Ranjbar, M., and Shams, Gh.A. (2009). Using of nano technology. Ecological green journal. 3: 29-34
Ravi, S., Channal, H.T., Hebsur, N.S., Patil, B.N. and Dharamtti, P.R. (2008). Effect of sulphur, zinc and iron nutrition on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 21(3): 382-385.
Reddy, A.R., Chaitanya, K.V. and Vivekanandan, M. (2004). Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology. 161(11): 1189-1202.
Reynold, G.H. (2002). Forward to the future nanotechnology and regulatory policy, Pacific Research Institute. 1-23.
Rezaei, R., Hosseini, M., Shabanali Fami, H. and Safa, L. (2009). Identification and Analysis of the Barriers of Nanotechnology Development in the Iranian Agricultural Sector from the Viewpoint of the Researchers. Journal of Science and Technology Policy. 2(1): 17-26. (In Persian)
Sadeghzadeh Ahari, D., Hasan dokht, M., Kashi, E., Amri, A. and Alizadeh. Kh. (2010). Selection for Droght Tolerance in Some Iranian Fenugreek Landraces.Horticultural Science and Technology. 11(2): 111-132. (In Persian)
Said-Al Ahl, H. and Omer, E.A. (2009). Effect of spraying with zinc and / or iron on growth and chemical composition of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) harvested at three stages of development. Journal of Medicinal Food Plants. 1: 30-46.
Sairam, R.K. and Saxena, G.C. (2000). Oxidative stress and antioxidant in wheat genotype: Possible mechanism of water stress tolerance. Agronomy and Crop Sciences. 184(1): 55-61.
Sandoghdaran, M.H., (2000). A Report on the cultivation of maci tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) in the semi-Zabul well. Deputy of education and Research center for natural resources and animal sciences of sistan and baluchchestan province. (In Persian)
Shabanzadeh, S.H., Ramroudi, M. and Galavi, M. (2012). Influence of micronutrients foliar application on seed yield and quality traits of black Cumin in different irrigation regimes. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 1(2): 79-89.
Shalaby, A. S. and Razin, A.M. (1989). Effect of plant Spacing on the productivity of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). grown in new reclaimed land. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 162: 1-2, 40-42.
Subramanian, K.S., Manikandan, A., Thirunavukkarasu, M. and SharmilaRahale, C., (2015). Nano-fertilizers for Balanced Crop Nutrition. Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture. Rai M, Duran N, Ribeiro C, Mattoso L. Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London. Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Van Loon, L.C. (2007). Plant response to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 119(3): 243-254.
Walinga, I., van Vark, W., Houba, V.J.G. and Van der Lee, J.J. (1989). Plant Analysis Procedures. Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Syllabus part 7. Pp: 197-200.
Wu, S.C., Caob, Z.H., Lib, Z.G., Cheunga, K.C., and Wong, M.H. (2005). Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma. 125(1-2): 155-166.
Yegappan, T. M., Paton, D. M., Gates, C.T., and Muller, W. J. (1982). Genetic variability of sunflower cultivars. water stress in sunflower response of cypsela size. Annuals of Botany by London. 4 (1): 63-65.
Zehtab-Salmasi, S., Heidari, F. and Alyari, H. (2008). Effect of microelements and plant density on biomass and essential oil production of peppermint (Mentha piperment L.). Plant Science Research. 1: 24-28.