مطالعه اکومورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی آنغوزه (Ferula assafoetida L.) در رویشگاه‌های جنوب‌غربی کشور
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
سیما ابیار
1
(گروه باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران52)
براتعلی فاخری
2
(گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران)
نفیسه مهدی نژاد
3
(گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران)
کلید واژه: خاک, صفات کمی, گیاه دارویی, پهنه ارتفاعی, صفات ظاهری,
چکیده مقاله :
آنغوزه (Ferula assafoetida L.) گیاه دارویی است که به‌دلیل وجود ترکیبات شیمیایی مختلف استفاده از آن از قدیم‌الایام در مناطق مختلفی از ایران معمول بوده است. هدف از این پژوهش معرفی این گیاه و شناخت ویژگی‌های اکولوژیک از قبیل موقعیت جغرافیایی، میزان پتاسیم، سدیم، فسفر، نیتروژن، اسیدیته و بافت رویشگاه آن و چگونگی توزیع تنوع گیاه از دیدگاه خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک میان سه جمعیت فاصله‌دار از استان‌های فارس، کهگیلویه و بویراحمد و خوزستان بود. به این منظور، گیاه آنغوزه و نمونه‌های خاک از زیستگاه‌های طبیعی هر سه استان جمع‌آوری و ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک مانند ارتفاع بوته، طول و عرض برگ، قطر ساقه، وزن خشک و تر و صفات فیزیولوژیک شامل میزان کلروفیل، کربوهیدرات‌ها، پروتئین، فسفر، پتاسیم، سدیم اندام هوایی گیاه مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج نشان داد که رویشگاه خوزستان از لحاظ درصد رس، نیتروژن و فسفر دارای خاکی غنی نسبت به دو رویشگاه دیگر می‌باشد. همچنین نتایج بررسی‌های مورفولوژیک گیاه آنغوزه در این رویشگاه حاکی از بیشتر بودن میانگین صفات وزن تر و خشک، ارتفاع گیاه، طول و عرض برگ و قطر ساقه بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا در هر سه رویشگاه طول و عرض برگ، وزن خشک و تر و ارتفاع گیاه کاهش و قطر ساقه افزایش یافت. همچنین با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا، صفاتی مانند فسفر، سدیم گیاه کاهش و صفاتی مانند پتاسیم، کربوهیدرات، کلروفیل و پروتئین برگ افزایش یافت.
Ferula assafoetida is considered as a medicinal plant that is used for the treatment of different diseases because of its different chemical compounds. The plant has been commonly used in various regions of Iran since the old times. The purpose of the present study was introducing this plant and identifying its ecological properties such as geographical location, soil pH, and potassium, sodium, phosphorus, and nitrogen contents as well as the texture of its habitat and the distribution of the variability of the plant in terms of morphological and physiological properties in three distant populations in Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, and Khuzestan. To this and, Ferula assafoetida plant and soil samples were collected from the natural habitats of the three provinces and the morphological features including the height of the plants, the length and width of the leaves, the diameter of the stems, the dried and fresh weights of the plants, and the physiological features including chlorophyll, carbohydrate, protein, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium contents of shoots were studied. Results showed that Khuzestan habitat was reicher than the other two habitats in terms of clay, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents of soil was more than the other two sites. Also, results of morphological study of the plants in this habitat showed higher average fresh weight, plant height, weight, length and width of leaf and stem diameter. Moreover, with an increase in the height from the sea level, the length, width, height and dried and wet weight of the plants decreased while the stem diameter increased. Furthermore, with an increase in the height from the sea level traits such as phosphorus and sodium contents decreased while potassium, carbohydrates, chlorophyll, and protein contents of leaves followed an increasing trend.
Alvani nejad, S., Teiri, M., Spahidi, K., Taghvaie, M. and Hamze poor, M. (2006). Morphological and germination Oak Iran in nursery. Journal of Research Forest And Poplar. 4: 523-533.
Farhang, A. H., Kheiri, A. and Soleimani, A. (2013). The effect of height on the morphological and physiological Achillea aucheri Boiss. The first National Congress on Medicinal Plants and Sustainable Agriculture.
Fatehi, M., Farifteh, F. and Fatehi-Hassanabad, Z. (2004). Antispasmodic and hypotensive effects of Ferula assa-foetida gum extract. Journal of Ethno Pharmacology. 91: 321-324.
Fisher, M. A. and Feul, P. Z. (2004). Change in forest vegetation and Abscular micrrhizae along the steep elevation gradient in Arizona. Forest Ecology and Management. 200:293-311.
Gilliam, F.S. and Dick, D.A. (2010). Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients and plant species in herb-dominated communities of contrasting land use. Plant Ecology. 209: 83–94.
Irigyoen, J.J., Einerich, D.W. and Sanchez Diaz, M. (1992). water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodutated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiologia Plantarum. 84(1): 55-60.
Jalali zenur, M.J. (2012). New Principles for Sheep Breeding. 3rd Ed. Publishers Partov Vaghee. Tehran.
Jahanbaz gojani, H., Hosseini Nasr, I., Sagheb Talebi, M. and Hojati, Kh. (2012). Effects of water stress provided by the altitude, the four species of wild. Forest and Poplar Research. 2 (52): 273-386.
Jewell, P., Kauferle, L.D., Gusewell, S., Berry, N.R., Kreuzer, M. and Edwards, P.J. (2007). Redistribution of phosphorus by cattle on a traditional mountain pastures in the Alps. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 122: 377-386.
Letchamo, W. and Gosselin, A. (1995). Photosynthic potential of thymus vulgaris selection under two light regimes and three soil water levels. Scientia Horticulture. 62:89-101.
SAS Institute, 2014. SAS/Stat Users Guide, Version 9.2 SAS Institute, Cray, NC.
Schuman, G.E., Stanley, AM. and Kuundsen, D. (1973). Automated total nitrogen analysis of soil and plant samples. Procceding of the Soil Science Society of America. 37: 480-481.
Spearing, A.M., and Karlander, E.P. (1979). Effects of light and low temperatures on chlorophyll content and metabolism of Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira and Krauss. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 19: 237-243.
Najar firuzjaie, M., Hemati, M., Khorasani nejad, KH., Daraie garme khani, S. and Bagheri fard, A. (2014). The effects of altitude on morphological characteristics and biochemical plant leaf Urtica dioica L. In Mazandaran and Golestan. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology Iran. 9 (35):1-11.
Noruzi, A. (2003). Investigation of three species Grass Range The phenological stages of pleural pastures. Master's thesis Pasture. Tarbiat Modarres University.
Omidbaigi, R. (2007). Production and processing of medicinal plants. (2th ed.). Astan ghods publication. Vol. 1, 283P, (In Persian).
Omidbeigi, R. (2003). The approaches to the production and processing of medicinal plants. Publication Designers nashr. Mashhad. Edition 2. 233P.
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. and Dean, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorous in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, D.C., USDA Circ. 939.
Raghavan, S. (2007). Handbook of spices, seasonings, and flavorings. 3nd ed.CRC press. USA, pp: 69-70.
Rayan, J.R., Estefan, G. and Rashid, A. (2001). Soil and plant analysis laboratory manual.(2nd edition). ICARDA. Syria. P: 1-172.
Spearing, A.M. and Karlander, E.P. (1979). Effects of light and low temperatures on chlorophyll content and metabolism of Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira and Krauss. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 19: 237-243.
Tabatabaei, S.J. (2008). Principles of mineral nutrition of plants, Publication Kharazmi.Tehran.p:1-389.
Ur Rahman, M., GuL, Sh. and Odhano, E. A. (2008). Antimicrobial activities of Ferula assa-foetida oil against gram positive and gram negative Bacteria. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environments. Science. 4(2): 203-206.
Warghat Ashish, R., Prabodh, K., Hemant Sood, O., Chaurasia, P. and Ravi, B. (2012). Morphometric analysis of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don), a critically endangered orchid in cold desert Ladakh region of India. African Journal of Biotechnology. 11(56):11943-11951.
Wu, C.C., Tsui, C.C., Hseih, C.F., Asio, V.B. and Chen, Z.S. (2007). Mineral nutrient status of tree species in relation to environmental factors in the subtropical rain forest of Taiwan. Forest Ecology and Management. 239(1): 81-91.
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Alvani nejad, S., Teiri, M., Spahidi, K., Taghvaie, M. and Hamze poor, M. (2006). Morphological and germination Oak Iran in nursery. Journal of Research Forest And Poplar. 4: 523-533.
Farhang, A. H., Kheiri, A. and Soleimani, A. (2013). The effect of height on the morphological and physiological Achillea aucheri Boiss. The first National Congress on Medicinal Plants and Sustainable Agriculture.
Fatehi, M., Farifteh, F. and Fatehi-Hassanabad, Z. (2004). Antispasmodic and hypotensive effects of Ferula assa-foetida gum extract. Journal of Ethno Pharmacology. 91: 321-324.
Fisher, M. A. and Feul, P. Z. (2004). Change in forest vegetation and Abscular micrrhizae along the steep elevation gradient in Arizona. Forest Ecology and Management. 200:293-311.
Gilliam, F.S. and Dick, D.A. (2010). Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients and plant species in herb-dominated communities of contrasting land use. Plant Ecology. 209: 83–94.
Irigyoen, J.J., Einerich, D.W. and Sanchez Diaz, M. (1992). water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodutated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiologia Plantarum. 84(1): 55-60.
Jalali zenur, M.J. (2012). New Principles for Sheep Breeding. 3rd Ed. Publishers Partov Vaghee. Tehran.
Jahanbaz gojani, H., Hosseini Nasr, I., Sagheb Talebi, M. and Hojati, Kh. (2012). Effects of water stress provided by the altitude, the four species of wild. Forest and Poplar Research. 2 (52): 273-386.
Jewell, P., Kauferle, L.D., Gusewell, S., Berry, N.R., Kreuzer, M. and Edwards, P.J. (2007). Redistribution of phosphorus by cattle on a traditional mountain pastures in the Alps. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 122: 377-386.
Letchamo, W. and Gosselin, A. (1995). Photosynthic potential of thymus vulgaris selection under two light regimes and three soil water levels. Scientia Horticulture. 62:89-101.
SAS Institute, 2014. SAS/Stat Users Guide, Version 9.2 SAS Institute, Cray, NC.
Schuman, G.E., Stanley, AM. and Kuundsen, D. (1973). Automated total nitrogen analysis of soil and plant samples. Procceding of the Soil Science Society of America. 37: 480-481.
Spearing, A.M., and Karlander, E.P. (1979). Effects of light and low temperatures on chlorophyll content and metabolism of Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira and Krauss. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 19: 237-243.
Najar firuzjaie, M., Hemati, M., Khorasani nejad, KH., Daraie garme khani, S. and Bagheri fard, A. (2014). The effects of altitude on morphological characteristics and biochemical plant leaf Urtica dioica L. In Mazandaran and Golestan. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology Iran. 9 (35):1-11.
Noruzi, A. (2003). Investigation of three species Grass Range The phenological stages of pleural pastures. Master's thesis Pasture. Tarbiat Modarres University.
Omidbaigi, R. (2007). Production and processing of medicinal plants. (2th ed.). Astan ghods publication. Vol. 1, 283P, (In Persian).
Omidbeigi, R. (2003). The approaches to the production and processing of medicinal plants. Publication Designers nashr. Mashhad. Edition 2. 233P.
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. and Dean, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorous in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, D.C., USDA Circ. 939.
Raghavan, S. (2007). Handbook of spices, seasonings, and flavorings. 3nd ed.CRC press. USA, pp: 69-70.
Rayan, J.R., Estefan, G. and Rashid, A. (2001). Soil and plant analysis laboratory manual.(2nd edition). ICARDA. Syria. P: 1-172.
Spearing, A.M. and Karlander, E.P. (1979). Effects of light and low temperatures on chlorophyll content and metabolism of Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira and Krauss. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 19: 237-243.
Tabatabaei, S.J. (2008). Principles of mineral nutrition of plants, Publication Kharazmi.Tehran.p:1-389.
Ur Rahman, M., GuL, Sh. and Odhano, E. A. (2008). Antimicrobial activities of Ferula assa-foetida oil against gram positive and gram negative Bacteria. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environments. Science. 4(2): 203-206.
Warghat Ashish, R., Prabodh, K., Hemant Sood, O., Chaurasia, P. and Ravi, B. (2012). Morphometric analysis of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don), a critically endangered orchid in cold desert Ladakh region of India. African Journal of Biotechnology. 11(56):11943-11951.
Wu, C.C., Tsui, C.C., Hseih, C.F., Asio, V.B. and Chen, Z.S. (2007). Mineral nutrient status of tree species in relation to environmental factors in the subtropical rain forest of Taiwan. Forest Ecology and Management. 239(1): 81-91.